Towards Lessening Learners’Aversive Emotions and Promoting Their Mental Health:Developing and Validating a Measurement of English Speaking Demotivation in the Chinese EFL Context

While a plethora of studies has been conducted to explore demotivation and its impact on mental health in second language(L2)education,scanty research focuses on demotivation in L2 speaking learning.Particularly,little research explores the measures to quantify L2 speaking demotivation.The present two-phase study attempts to develop and validate an English Speaking Demotivation Scale(ESDS).To this end,an independent sample of 207 Chinese tertiary learners of English as a Foreign Language(EFL)participated in the development phase,and another group of 188 Chinese EFL learners was recruited for the validation of the scale.Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)were employed to determine the factor structure of the scale.The EFA results revealed a six-factor solution with Teacher-related Factors in Learning Spoken English(TFLSE),Interest and Valence in Learning Spoken English(IVLSE),Self-efficacy in Learning Spoken English(SELSE),Negative Peer Influence in Learning Spoken English(NPILSE),Undesirable Environment for Learning Spoken English(UELSE),and Negative Influence of Assessment and Learning Materials in speaking class(NIALM).In the validation phase,Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)was performed to validate the internal structure of the scale.The CFA results showed that the model fits the data well.Overall,the ESDS is a robust and trustworthy psychometric tool that could be utilized to examine L2 speaking demotivation.Implications for diminishing EFL learners’demotivation,lessening their aversive emotions and promoting their mental health are also discussed.

Four Dimensions of Integrating Chinese Culture Into College English Teaching From the Perspective of Tyler’s Basic Principles

Integrating Chinese culture into college English can not only enhance students’humanities literacy and cultivate their cultural confidence,but also facilitate the inheritance and international dissemination of Chinese culture.Taking Tyler’s curriculum framework as the starting point,this paper analyzes some factors that affect the integration of Chinese culture into the college English teaching and proposes some strategies for the integration of Chinese culture into college English teaching by innovating teaching objectives,enriching teaching contents,transforming modes of course delivery,and reconstructing the assessment system.

A Study on the Integration of Chinese Culture in High School English Teaching

The inseparable relationship between language and culture indicates that culture teaching is indispensable in English teaching.The ultimate goal of culture teaching in English teaching is to cultivate learners’cross-cultural communication skills.Cross-cultural communication is a two-way process,which requires not only knowledge of English culture but also the use of English as a medium for disseminating Chinese culture to the outside world.However,in actual English teaching,the teaching of Chinese culture is a mere formality,and the teaching effect is not obvious.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a survey and research on Chinese culture teaching in high school English classrooms to understand its current situation,existing problems,and their causes,so as to provide suggestions for Chinese culture teaching in high school.

An Introduction to the Dissemination of Chinese Culture in English Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Language and culture are closely related,and understanding the cultural knowledge embedded in the process of language learning is an important goal of English teaching in colleges and universities.At present,the dissemination of Chinese culture in English teaching in colleges and universities is lacking,which affects the improvement of students’intercultural communication skills.In order to effectively solve such problems,we need to take effective measures to disseminate Chinese culture by combining teaching content and students’characteristics.This paper summarizes the problems of Chinese culture dissemination in English teaching in colleges and universities,and explores effective countermeasures and teaching considerations,hoping to provide teachers with valuable guidelines.

A Study on the Different Levels of“Attention”in the Processing of English Subjunctive Mood by Chinese Learners

“Attention”is a very vital cognitive mechanism.Cognitive psychology considers“attention”as the focus of mental activity and consciousness on an object.People engage their senses and memory to actively process the object in front of them.Theories of second language acquisition suggest that a large amount of input is the basis for language acquisition.At the same time,what is actively noticed by the learner can be effectively internalized.Thus,“attention”is also a non-linguistic factor that plays a significant role in language acquisition.The subjunctive mood is a major challenge in the teaching of English grammar.Generally speaking,the verbs in a sentence are used to distinguish between subjunctive and declarative sentences.In this paper,experimental utterances were written based on previous research by using verbs that are easy to cause ambiguity and confusion,and then set up the reinforced and non-reinforced attention conditions with different levels of“attention”to investigate whether there are different results and effects on subjects’comprehension of sentences under different levels of“attention”conditions.Under the different levels of“attention”,the subjects were examined to see whether there were different results in comprehension of the sentences and the impact of the different levels of“attention”.It was found that subjects in the reinforced“attention”condition comprehended sentences better,answered questions faster,and answered questions more correctly than subjects in the non-reinforced condition.This study also shed some light on English second language grammar teaching.

A Comparative Analysis of the Origin and Formation Between Chinese Characters and English Alphabets

This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of Chinese characters and English alphabets.Through comparative analysis of the ideation of English letters(pictogramme)and the origin of Chinese characters,known as the"Six Categories Theory,"we discover their alignment in terms of social,traditional,and cultural aspects.This suggests that different ethnic groups share common features in terms of life experience,learning cognitive development,and thinking habits.This study also finds that the origins of English letters and Chinese characters share similar linguistic features in their methods of constructing letters/characters,such as pictographic,ideographic,and semantic characteristics.Exploring these commonalities contributes to promoting learning and communication between Chinese and English characters.Additionally,by focusing on socio-cultural aspects,traditional customs,and cognitive learning,this study aims to break away from the traditional linguistic research approach that solely focuses on language differences.This provides a broader perspective and richer dimensions for Chinese and English language learning,facilitating the development of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.

TheNecessityofChineseCultureInstructioninCollegeEnglishTeaching

在大学英语教学中，教师不能只讲解目的语文化，忽视母语文化。跨文化交际的双向性要求文化教学应兼顾目的语文化和母语文化。本文从跨文化交际的文化平等性和母语文化教学促进语言教学两个方面解释大学英语教学中融入中国文化的必要性。

A Study on the English Translation of Chinese Menus

The Chinese food is well-known in the world as one important part of traditional Chinese culture, which the foreign tourists would like very much to sample and enjoy whenever they visit China. Generally speaking, the foreign tourists also want to make sure, how and with what raw material the Chinese food is cooked while they enjoy it. So the English translation of Chinese menus plays a key role in spreading the tranditional Chinese culture. This paper attempts to explain to readers that: 1)the demands on the English translation of Chinese menus; 2)how to set about translating the Chinese menus; 3)the methods for the English translation of Chinese menus.

A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Marriage Custom

Marriage is a very important part in one's life.But different countries have different wedding ceremonies because of the culture difference.western wedding is simple while Chinese wedding is complex.No matter you choose the Chinese style or the western style,you should marry the one you love best,and then you can enjoy a beautiful life.

An Analysis of Value Differences in English and Chinese Idioms from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

Idioms are the essence and gems of human wisdom and an important carrier of national culture. As a special form of language, they play an important role in intercultural communication. Due to the uniqueness of each culture, English and Chinese idioms are different in many aspects, values included. The present paper attempts to analyze the different values in English and Chinese idioms from three aspects: dependence vs independence, past-time orientation vs future-time orientation, and harmony vs competition. And the authors hope that it will be of some practical significance in people's intercultural communication.

Love Metaphor in English and Chinese Poetry

Love is a so abstract concept that it always be conveyed through metaphors.In order to reveal how the Chinese and English poetry sets metaphors for love,this article probes into large number of examples of love metaphor and concludes that love metaphors in English and Chinese poetry shares the same conceptual system due to the common natures of human being.On the other hand,the differences in thinking mode and religious value result in their different points.Love metaphors in Chinese poetry are more subtle,reserved,and restrained,which corresponds to the national characteristics of Chinese people;while those in English poetry are more bold,passionate,and romantic,which are also associated with the features of western culture.

The Study on the Differences of Sense of Words between English and Chinese in Translation

Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to comprehend the sense of words in the source language correctly, and take appropriate approach to resolve the differences between Chinese and English through analyzing the causes. Therefore, this paper will study the differences of sense of words between English and Chinese in translation.

Comparative Study of Standard English and Chinese English

It is inevitable that one′s native tongue will have some influence on his studying another language at different levels which range from pronunciations, lexical choices, syntax to culture. This article concentrates on the comparative study of Standard English and Chinese English in the level of pronunciation, lexicon, syntax, as well as cultural influence. It discusses the errors and mistakes that Chinese people are prone to make during their learning and using English, while the cultural part deals with the literally translated Chinglish, and the cultural influence on social intercourse. It analyzes the differences in linguistic perspective and should be helpful to the readers.

A Study on English Majors' Abilities to Transmit Chinese Culture in English at Newly Upgraded Universities

The transmitting of Chinese culture in the intercultural communication is of great importance for English learners in China.English majors at newly upgraded universities are weak in their abilities to express Chinese culture in English and transmit Chinese culture.To find measures for the problems,some necessary changes in the syllabus,textbooks,testing and curriculum are suggested,compiling of a dictionary for the standard of Chinese culture items in English is discussed,and the roles of teachers,students and English Corner in the cultivation of the abilities of English majors' to express Chinese culture in English at newly upgraded universities are analyzed.

如何避免英语写作中的Chinese English

中国学生在英语写作中,经常出现Ch inese English(中国式英语)的现象。让学生全面了解中英文表达方式在主体句子结构中的差异,准确把握中英文表达方式在动宾词汇搭配、结构顺序方面的异同,深入研究英语词义及习语是关键。

The Contrastive Study on the Use of Politeness in Chinese Preface and English Preface

Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, this paper conducts a contrastive study between the use of politeness strategies in 30 Chinese prefaces and that in 30 English prefaces which are published about English study.

Research on the Training Mode of “the Combination of College Students’ Extracurricular English Autonomous Learning and Chinese Culture” Based on WeChat Platform

In today’s college English extracurricular learning,college students often neglect the combination of English language learning and the input of Chinese traditional cultural knowledge,paying too much attention to Western culture learning,ignoring their traditional culture and lead to be speechless when encountering cultural exchange activities.The author believes that college students should pay attention to the input of Chinese traditional cultural content in the process of independent English learning outside the classroom.The creative team of college students led by the author through the WeChat platform,in Xinjiang Agricultural University,conducted a combination of Chinese culture input and English autonomous learning,aiming at strengthening the effectiveness of English learning,improving the self-learning ability and intercultural communication skills.

On Generalities of Chinese Names and English Names

Name system has developed simultaneously with the change of world language.Generalities of Chinese names and English names are discussed from 8 aspects.Meanwhile,the structural changes of names in Chinese and English are also contrasted in order to make some further exploration.Readers may more deeply understand the specific regularity of the individual languages after knowing several generalities.

A Comparative Study on the Tense-Aspect of Auxiliary in English and Chinese

The aim of the paper is to give a general comparison about the structural composition of the AUX in English and Chinese mainly from the perspective of tense-aspect.Based on the basic construction of English AUX system,which includes such elements as Tense,Modal,Perfect aspect,Progressive aspect and Passive,the paper focuses on comparing the syntactic characteristics of tense element in the two languages.The final part of the paper briefly summarized predicted learning problems that Chinese learners of English as well as English learners of Chinese would have in learning English and Chinese respectively.