Lycium ruthenicum Murr. treatment attenuates APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mouse model-like mitochondrial dysfunction in Slc25a46 knockout mouse model

Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to be substantially associated with ageing and ageing-related diseases like Alzheimer's disease(AD). However, it is unclear whether different mouse models with mitochondrialrelated diseases have similar changes in mitochondrial morphology of the same tissues. Moreover, whether similarities in mitochondrial morphology can be a suitable marker for screening and/or discovering mitochondrial-protective substances remains unknown. Mitochondria morphology in different tissues of a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein Slc25a46 knockout mouse and a traditional APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse were examined using transmission electron microscope(TEM). Both young Slc25a46 knockout mice and aged APP_(SWE)/PS1ΔE9 mice models showed similar mitochondrial damage in cerebellum tissues. The results indicated that different mitochondrial-related diseases shared similar alteration and defects in mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, a bioactive food substance with cognition-improving property, could effectively improve muscle strength and increase body weight in the Slc25a46 knockout mice. These findings suggest that mitochondrial morphology defects in mice models, particularly in the mitochondrial compartment, represent a unified and effective marker for screening and validating natural product-derived functional substances with mitochondrial protective properties. It also holds potential application in mitochondrial-impaired senile neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD.

Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective]To study the seeds germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.under different concentrations of NaCl,as well as to find the optimal concentration of NaCl for the germination of L.ruthenicum.[Method]The seeds of L.ruthenicum were treated with different concentrations of NaCl,and the state of seed germination was measured.[Result]With the increasing of concentration of NaCl,the seed germination rate of L.ruthenicum showed an obvious increasing trend.when the concentration was of 0.3%-0.4 %,the germination rate was the highest,and when the concentration of NaCl was greater than 0.4,the germination rate showed a decline trend.[Conclusion]After treated with appropriate concentrations of NaCl before sowing,the germination rate of seeds of L.ruthenicum would increase.

Karyotype Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one was 1.31; the proportions of chromosomes with arm ratio higher than 2 was 0.08; the asymmetry index was 57.02; the karyotype type was 2A; and the karyotype formula was 2n=-24=20m＋4sm.

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of different factors on primary culture,subculture and rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets were investigated.[Result] The most appropriate medium for primary culture of L.ruthenicum was MS ＋ ZT 0.2 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which axillary buds grew well and were rarely vitrified with the germination rate of 88.73%.In addition,ZT exerted significantly better effects on subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets than 6-BA.The most appropriate medium for subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ ZT 0.15 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew rapidly and robustly without vitrification,and the proliferation multiple reached 5.83 times.The most appropriate medium for rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ IBA 1.0 mg/L,in which the rooting rate reached 100%.The most appropriate substrate for transplanting and hardening of L.ruthenicum plantlets was humus soil：perlite = 1：1,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew well with the survival rate of 92.37%.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for largescale production and popularization of L.ruthenicum.

Quality Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives]The quality of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing areas was studied.[Methods]The content of proanthocyanidins(UV spectrophotometry),water-soluble vitamins(VB 2,VB 6,VB 12,Vc,niacinamide,and folic acid)),fat-soluble vitamins(VD,and VK 1)(high performance liquid chromatography),and trace elements Cu,Zn,and Fe(flame atomic absorption method)in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia,Nuomuhong of Qinghai and Korla of Xinjiang were measured.[Results]The content of proanthocyanidins,VB 2,nicotinamide and VB 12 in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was higher,and the content of Vc,VB 6,Cu,Zn,VD and VK 1 in L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong was higher,while the content of folic acid and Fe in L.ruthenicum from Korla was higher.The proanthocyanidin content of L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was the highest,so it is an ideal plant for extracting proanthocyanidins.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the research,development and utilization of L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong,Ejin Banner and Korla.

Technical Study on Extraction of Procyanidins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Using Sub-critical Fluid 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane( R134a)and Content Determination from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction rate of procyanidins as an indicator,the influence of pressure,temperature,and extraction time on extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. Ruthenicum Murr. was studied by single factor experimental methods and orthogonal array design. [Results]The order of factors affecting extraction rate of procyanidins was extraction temperature > extraction pressure > extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. ruthenicum Murr. was the highest with extraction pressure of 1. 2 MPa,extraction temperature of 50℃ and extraction time of 90 min. The content of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr. from different producing areas was determined by vanillin-HCl method under the optimal conditions. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of easy operation,good selectivity,low extraction temperature and high extraction efficiency,which is suitable for extraction of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr.

黑果枸杞香气成分和多酚类物质的组成研究

随着人类对健康和养生重视程度的不断提高,具有良好功效的药食同源植物黑果枸杞受到越来越多的关注,研究黑果枸杞中具有药理活性物质的化学成分,对其深加工和进一步开发利用具有重要的意义。该文对甘肃酒泉产的黑果枸杞鲜果的香气成分及多酚类物质的化学组成进行分析,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术定性定量分析黑果枸杞鲜果香气成分;采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆串联飞行时间质谱技术定性分析黑果枸杞鲜果中多酚类物质的组成。从黑果枸杞香气成分中鉴定出醇类、醛酮类、酯类、烃类等挥发性化学成分63种,占香气成分总量的95.4%,其中25种化合物为我国国家标准GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定的食品用合成香料;香气成分中醇类化合物共计26种,总含量占比最高(44.98%)。黑果枸杞多酚经提取和HPD-500大孔吸附树脂纯化后进行液相色谱-质谱联用测试,定性鉴别出73种多酚化合物,其主要由黄酮类和酚酸类等化合物组成。该研究初步确定了黑果枸杞香气和多酚类物质的化学成分,为黑果枸杞药用及食用功效的深入研究奠定了基础。

黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞的广泛靶向代谢组学分析

目的:全面分析和鉴定枸杞果实中的代谢物,比较不同品种间代谢物的差异,为深入挖掘和利用不同品种枸杞提供参考。方法:以黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞干果为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,鉴定和比较两种枸杞的代谢物。结果:两种枸杞果实中共检测出1098种代谢产物,包括氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸、黄酮、生物碱、脂质等12类,其中酚酸、黄酮和生物碱3类代谢产物占比最高。通过主成分分析和聚类分析发现,黄果枸杞与黑果枸杞相比,存在235种差异代谢物上调和252种差异代谢物下调。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析发现,不同品种枸杞间的差异代谢物主要涉及黄酮生物合成,托烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱的生物合成,次生代谢物的生物合成,ABC转运等途径。结论:不同品种对枸杞代谢物的含量影响较大,本研究结果对黑枸杞和黄枸杞的开发和利用提供一定的理论指导。

Plackett-Burnman联合响应面法优化黑果枸杞黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

Plackett-Burnman(PB)联合响应面法优化黑果枸杞黄酮提取工艺并评价其抗氧化性。依次通过PB实验设计、最陡爬坡实验设计研究了5种影响因素对提取率的影响,确定了显著性影响因素及响应面中心,采用Box-Behnken(BB)实验设计优化了提取工艺;采用FRAP法及ABTS、DPPH法评价了黑果枸杞黄酮的抗氧化性,并与抗坏血酸进行了平行比较。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:51%乙醇(体积分数)与原料之比为30:1(mL/g),62℃、240 W超声辅助提取42 min,提取率可达42.0974 mg/g(原料),与理论预测值的相对标准偏差为3.24%;FRAP法及ABTS、DPPH法均表明,黑果枸杞总黄酮还原力强于抗坏血酸,其对ABTS、DPPH自由基清除的IC_(50)分别为0.0252、0.0272 mg/mL,均较抗坏血酸强,且二者抗氧化性均与浓度呈量效关系,为开发黑果枸杞资源、拉长其产业链提供了一定的理论基础。

NaCl胁迫下黑果枸杞转录组测序分析

研究黑果枸杞在不同浓度盐胁迫下基因表达谱变化情况,为进一步研究黑果枸杞抗盐分子机制奠定研究基础。对0(CK)、50、250 mmol/L NaCl溶液胁迫的黑果枸杞组培苗的根和叶在胁迫时间为0、1、12 h时分别取样,采用转录组测序(RNASeq)技术进行测序分析。结果表明,转录组测序共产生222.49 Gb原始数据,拼接出Unigenes 86 037条,注释到7大功能数据库(GO、KEGG、KOG、NR、Pfam、Swiss-Prot和egg NOG)上的Unigenes总数为46 594个,占总Unigenes的54.76%,还有38 929个Unigenes在这些数据库中没有得到注释。通过GO分类和KEGG Pathway富集性分析,分别归于51个GO类别和211条代谢途径。差异表达基因分析显示,黑果枸杞叶片和根的上调基因和下调基因数随着NaCl浓度的增大和处理时间的延长均呈增加趋势,叶片中的上调基因数(7 514)小于下调基因数(9 032),根中的上调基因数(12 347)大于下调基因数(11 559)。在黑果枸杞盐胁迫下转录组中发现28 325个SSR位点,最多的为单核苷酸SSR,占70.47%。综合分析表明,黑果枸杞对盐胁迫的反应是一个多基因参与、多个生物过程协同调控的过程,基因表达量的变化可能是基因调控的主要方式。

NaCl胁迫对六个不同类型黑果枸杞种子萌发的影响

【目的】对6个不同类型的黑果枸杞种子耐盐性进行评价比较,筛选出耐盐性较高的类型,为在新疆北疆地区推广提供理论基础。【方法】以西宁野生、库尔勒野生、武威野生三个生态型及其相应的优选系：西宁优系、库尔勒优系、武威优系黑果枸杞种子为试验材料,在50、100、150、200、250、300 mmol/L Na Cl浓度下进行种子发芽试验,以发芽率达到50%为生产要求,低于50%为受到明显胁迫的标准,测定不同浓度Na Cl对发芽率、相对盐害率、耐盐浓度及幼苗生长的影响。【结果】在50~300 mmol/L Na Cl浓度处理下,发芽率、胚根、胚轴长随Na Cl浓度升高总体呈显著下降趋势;用种子发芽率和Na Cl浓度进行回归分析,发现优选型黑果枸杞种子耐盐临界浓度显著高于野生型,优选型耐盐临界浓度为150~300 mmol/L,野生型耐盐临界浓度为100~150 mmol/L。【结论】武威优系、库尔勒优系耐盐能力显著较强;西宁优系、库尔勒野生中等;西宁野生、武威野生显著较差。

黑果枸杞多糖结构表征及对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤的影响

采用热水浸提法提取黑果枸杞多糖(Lycium ruthenicum Murr. polysaccharide,LRMP),解析其单糖组成、糖苷键连接方式、链构象等结构参数,并评价其对乙醇诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞(gastric mucosal epithelial cells,GES-1)损伤的保护效果。结果表明,LRMP由阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、岩藻糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,结构末端主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖残基组成,在溶液中呈典型的无规卷曲构象,均方半径为(80.4±1.0)nm。LRMP对GES-1细胞无毒性作用,质量浓度600μg/mL LRMP可以显著抑制乙醇对GES-1细胞造成的损伤,同时恢复细胞内超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低GES-1细胞凋亡率。综上所述,LRMP作为功能性多糖在健康食品开发中具有潜力。

黑果枸杞不同发育时期果实花色苷合成的转录组分析

【目的】探究黑果枸杞果实发育过程中花色苷合成的分子机制,对深入理解黑果枸杞花色苷合成调控网络具有重要意义。【方法】选取青果期、转色初期、转色后期、成熟期和完全成熟期的黑果枸杞果实进行转录组测序,挖掘与黑果枸杞果实花色苷合成相关的候选基因。【结果】随黑果枸杞果实发育,花色苷含量逐渐升高,成熟期及完全成熟期果实中的花色苷含量显著高于青果期、转色初期及转色后期。5个发育时期共筛选出13540个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),以青果期为对照,随果实发育,各阶段DEGs数量逐渐增多。GO分析发现,DEGs共同富集的子集有苯丙烷代谢过程、多糖分解代谢过程、苯丙烷生物合成过程、类黄酮生物合成过程、细胞壁大分子代谢过程、膜锚定成分和营养库活性通路。KEGG分析表明,DEGs显著富集于类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成、植物激素信号转导、二苯乙烯类、二芳基庚烷类和姜辣素生物合成及角质和木栓质和蜡质的生物合成通路。分析DEGs表达量与花色苷含量相关性,筛选出参与黑果枸杞果实发育过程花色苷合成的候选基因36个,主要包括10个花色苷合成通路结构基因,4个转录因子,9个ABA、8个GA及5个JA信号转导通路基因。RT-qPCR验证其中10个基因的表达趋势,与转录组数据一致。【结论】黑果枸杞果实发育过程中,花色苷合成途径的结构基因、转录因子及ABA、GA和JA信号转导通路中基因的表达调控果实着色。

食品加工条件对黑枸杞花青素稳定性的影响

黑枸杞富含花青素,花青素具有多种生理活性,然而其稳定性较差。文章研究了不同食品加工条件对黑枸杞花青素稳定性的影响,包括温度、pH值、光照、食品添加剂和基质等。结果表明,在20℃、pH3、避光条件下的黑枸杞花青素相对稳定,保存率分别为(89.74±5.54)%、(69.56±1.44)%、(57.85±0.50)%。H_(2)O_(2)、Na_(2)SO_(3)、苯甲酸钠和3种糖(葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖)均会大幅降低花青素的热稳定性(65℃,30 min)。除抗坏血酸外,草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸增强花青素热稳定性的效果依次增大。在40℃加速贮存7 d后,草酸对花青素的稳定性仍然具有较好的效果。总之,黑枸杞花青素在食品加工过程中最好在低温、酸性和避光条件下贮存,而在选用食品基质和添加剂时也应该注意其对花青素稳定性的影响。该研究结果为黑枸杞花青素类食品的加工提供了理论依据。

NaCl胁迫对黑果枸杞叶片生理指标的影响

【目的】确定各生理指标在黑果枸杞抗盐性评价中的作用,进而为黑果枸杞选育、栽培、耐抗盐性提供理论和技术支持.【方法】以黑果枸杞2a生实生苗为材料,测定在不同质量分数NaCl胁迫下黑果枸杞叶片生理指标的变化趋势,采用主成分分析各指标在其抗盐性评价中的作用.【结果】随着NaCl质量分数的升高,黑果枸杞叶片含水量、相对含水量、自由水和束缚水呈下降趋势;CAT和SOD酶活性先上升后下降;POD的活性是下降的;MDA含量呈略微下降趋势;游离脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势;可溶性糖含量呈先增后降再增的趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量先增后降;叶绿素a和b含量呈下降趋势.【结论】经生理指标的相关性和主成分分析,盐胁迫对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、自由水、束缚水和POD的影响显著,可作为黑果枸杞抗盐性分析的参考指标.

刈割对NaCl胁迫下枸杞幼苗生物量、总黄酮及K^+、Na^+含量的影响

以不施用NaCl处理为对照,研究了盆栽试验条件下刈割1次、刈割2次处理及0,0.3,0.6,0.9g/kg4个NaCl胁迫水平(分别以S0、S1、S2和S3表示)对中华枸杞和黑枸杞幼苗生物量、总黄酮及K+和Na+含量的影响。结果表明:不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,刈割2次处理中华枸杞与黑枸杞幼苗总生物量显著增加,分别比刈割1次处理增加0.50~2.33g/盆和0.96~5.20g/盆,且NaCl水平越高,差异越明显;不同刈割措施下,中华枸杞均以S2处理总黄酮含量最高,为9.56~12.8mg/g,黑枸杞在刈割2次和刈割1次时,总黄酮含量分别以S1和S3处理最大,为8.52mg/g,15.8mg/g和9.18mg/g,且刈割2次处理总体有利于中华枸杞和黑枸杞总黄酮的累积;不同刈割措施下,中华枸杞与黑枸杞幼苗K+、Na+含量均以幼叶高于嫩茎,中华枸杞叶、茎中Na+含量以S2处理最高,黑枸杞则以S3处理最高;高浓度NaCl胁迫下(S2与S3处理),枸杞叶中的K+/Na+比值均以中华枸杞小于黑枸杞。

黑枸杞花青素联合人脂肪源性血管外膜细胞支持脐血造血干/祖细胞的增殖

背景:黑枸杞花青素(Anthocyanins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr,ALRM)是黑枸杞中重要的活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、免疫调节等功效。人脂肪源性血管外膜细胞(CD146^(+)hAD-PCs)是骨髓间充质干细胞的前体细胞,在体外具有促进造血干/祖细胞增殖与分化的功能。ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血造血干/组细胞的体外支持作用有待于研究。目的:探讨ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的支持作用。方法:CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度ALRM(0,200,400,600,800,1000 mg/L)对CD146^(+)hAD-PCs增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测ALRM对CD146^(+)hAD-PCs细胞周期的影响。共培养实验分为空白组、ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组、ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组,分析ALRM联合CD146^(+)hAD-PCs对脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞的体外支持作用。共培养1,2,4周,比较扩增后细胞数量、集落形成单位数量,流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型,ELISA检测细胞因子水平。结果与结论:(1)ALRM质量浓度为200 mg/L时,CD146^(+)hAD-PCs活力最高,CD146^(+)hAD-PCs的G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞比例下降,S期、G_(2)/M期细胞比例上升(P<0.01)。(2)脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞数量变化:在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组高于ALRM组(P均<0.05),在共培养2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P均<0.05),ALRM组与空白组随着共培养时间延长细胞数量逐渐减少。(3)集落形成能力及免疫表型分析:在共培养1,2周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的集落形成单位数量高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组和ALRM组(P均<0.05);在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组CD45^(+)、CD34^(+)CD33^(-)细胞比例高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P均<0.01)。(4)细胞因子变化:在共培养4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的白细胞介素2水平高于ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05);在共培养2,4周时ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组白细胞介素3水平高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05);在共培养1周时ALRM+CD146^(+)h AD-PCs组的粒细胞集落刺激因子水平高于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组,在共培养2周时高于ALRM组、CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.01);在共培养1,2,4周时ALRM组、ALRM+CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组的干扰素γ水平低于CD146^(+)hAD-PCs组(P<0.05)。(5)由于空白组无基质细胞,脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞在共培养1周之后就无法计数,未进行免疫表型、集落分析和细胞因子检测。(6)结果表明:ALRM可以通过促进CD146^(+)hAD-PCs增殖和细胞周期转化进而促进脐血CD34^(+)造血干/祖细胞的体外扩增,在造血干细胞移植研究方面具有重要价值。

不同浓度NaCl处理对黑果枸杞叶片性状的影响

通过黑果枸杞叶片性状对盐处理的响应来探讨其耐盐特征。以格尔木1年生黑果枸杞苗为实验材料,采用不同浓度NaCl处理(50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1),并设置短期(15 d)与长期(30 d)两个时间段,测定并分析黑果枸杞叶片性状不同指标对盐处理的响应。结果表明,当黑果枸杞在NaCl处理30d时,叶片含水量、叶片体积、叶片数和叶片生物量均表现出先增大后减小的趋势,且与对照差异显著,而处理15d则变化不明显。当黑果枸杞受到NaCl处理时,随着NaCl浓度的增大,鲜叶密度和干叶密度则表现出先增后减再增的趋势。同时,叶片含水量、叶片体积、叶片数和叶片生物量各指标均表现出在NaCl为中浓度(150mmol·L-1)时,对应各指标值均达到最大值,相反低浓度(50mmol·L^-1)和高浓度(250 mmol·L^-1)下相比对照均有所下降。在生物量与叶片各指标回归分析中可知,叶片含水量、叶片体积和叶片数与叶片生物量之间显著相关,其余各指标与叶片生物量间相关性不显著。通过主成分分析筛选出叶片体积、干叶密度、鲜叶密度和叶片含水量作为评价盐胁迫对黑果枸杞叶片影响的参考指标,为黑果枸杞耐盐新品种选育提供形态学方面的依据。

超高效液相法(UPLC)用于黑果枸杞指纹图谱的研究

【目的】建立黑果枸杞UPLC指纹图谱分析技术,为快速鉴别黑果枸杞提供依据。【方法】采用超高效液相色谱法进行测定。【结果】以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);流动相为甲醇(A)、0.5%三氟乙酸、1%甲酸水溶液(B)、乙腈(C),以0.3 m L/min流速进行梯度洗脱,检测波长300 nm,进样量1.000μl,柱温35℃为色谱条件,建立了黑果枸杞的UPLC特征指纹图谱共有模式,标定了13个共有峰,14批次黑果枸杞的相似度为0.809~0.989,不同省份差异较大。【结论】该方法快速、高效,稳定可靠,为黑果枸杞的鉴别和质量评价及质量控制提供了科学依据。

黑果枸杞‐酿酒葡萄混合果酒酿造过程中花色苷稳定性研究

针对黑果枸杞加工过程中存在的花色苷不稳定的关键瓶颈问题,以黑果枸杞鲜果为原料,辅以酿酒葡萄共发酵酿制果酒。分析不同酿造因子对果酒多酚、花色苷及色泽的影响;明确影响酒体中花色苷含量及稳定性的主要因子,通过正交优化试验得到最佳酒精发酵工艺。结果表明:黑果枸杞与酿酒葡萄质量比以及pH值对果酒花色苷含量和色泽影响程度较大,但对多酚含量影响作用较小,而酵母菌类型对黑果枸杞果酒多酚、花色苷和色泽影响均较小;复配酿酒葡萄可减少花色苷损失,提高黑果枸杞果酒中花色苷的稳定性。最佳酒精发酵工艺条件为黑果枸杞与酿酒葡萄质量比1∶4、果胶酶添加量0.70g/L、酿酒酵母添加量0.25g/L,发酵后酰化花色苷[矮牵牛素-3-O-芸香糖(反式-p-香豆酰基)-5-O-葡萄糖苷]含量可达(459.51±3.66)mg/L。