In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L.For no matter how well learn...In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L.For no matter how well learners can command a language,their subjective incentives play adecisive role,that is the case particularly for non—Eniglish majors,who are always exposed tocrowded,serious and teacher—centred learning contexts.展开更多
L1A(first language acquisition)is expected to shed light on the L2(second language)teaching.However,how far L1A correlates with second language teaching is an argument that never ends.Hence,the hypotheses on L1A and i...L1A(first language acquisition)is expected to shed light on the L2(second language)teaching.However,how far L1A correlates with second language teaching is an argument that never ends.Hence,the hypotheses on L1A and its connection with L2 Teaching are analyzed,along with a discussion on the relationship between L1A,L2A and L2 Teaching.The limitation of L1A to L2T is elaborated from the aspect of literacy,age and time distinction.展开更多
The target of much language teaching and learning is to make students approximate to native speakers.The only rightful speak ers of a language are its native speakers.Contrary to these contemporary views,however,this ...The target of much language teaching and learning is to make students approximate to native speakers.The only rightful speak ers of a language are its native speakers.Contrary to these contemporary views,however,this paper argues that the obligation of the lan guage teacher is to help students to use L2 effectively not to simply imitate native speaker.A successful L2 user who comes from the group of L2 learners can be a model for students.Therefore,non-native teachers with a high degree of language proficiency and good teaching skills can be ideal and qualified language teachers.展开更多
Except for positive transfer, the first language has a bad effect on people's second language learning undoubtedly, which is the very thing all second language learners ought to pay attention to and overcome.
This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin i...This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.展开更多
Throughout decades of foreign language(L2) teaching,a recurring issue has been the role of the first language(L1) in the classroom.A long-term and wide-ranging debate persists regarding practical and theoretical quest...Throughout decades of foreign language(L2) teaching,a recurring issue has been the role of the first language(L1) in the classroom.A long-term and wide-ranging debate persists regarding practical and theoretical questions about the significance of the L1’ s obvious influence on the L2 being learned.Although many feel that the L1 should not be used in the classroom,other researchers, teachers,and learners do see a role for the L1 and support its use as a communication strategy and instructional tool.This article will look at the historical background of this topic,and describe how the L1 is currently being used in the L2 classroom,including in written translation activities.A specific explanation will also be given about the benefits of using translation for assessing reading comprehension.展开更多
This paper aims to explore motivational variations in different teenage English learner groups in Chinese context.Drawing on L2 Motivational Self System as the theoretical framework,combining You and Dornyei’s resear...This paper aims to explore motivational variations in different teenage English learner groups in Chinese context.Drawing on L2 Motivational Self System as the theoretical framework,combining You and Dornyei’s research with my professional teaching experience,this paper found that students who learn English for the purpose of passing the exam,ought-to L2self dimension is the highest,with L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self following behind.Students who tend to live or study abroad,ideal L2 self is the best predictor,followed by L2 learning experience and ought-to L2 self.This indicates that teachers should improve teaching methods,apply motivational strategies in the classroom,and encourage and help students to use selfmotivating strategies to motivate themselves.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between lexical richness in L2 writing and overall L2 proficiency.Three measures of lexical richness were identified and operationalized,i.e.lexical density,lexical sophisticat...This study investigated the relationship between lexical richness in L2 writing and overall L2 proficiency.Three measures of lexical richness were identified and operationalized,i.e.lexical density,lexical sophistication and lexical diversity.The study collected 48 sets of texts written by learners at different proficiency levels from the ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English),and the learner texts were analyzed for lexical richness using a web-based lexical complexity analyzer.The quantitative analysis revealed a lack of significant difference in lexical richness between different proficiency levels.Relevant pedagogical implications were discussed.展开更多
With a growing number of foreign language studies on proficiency outcomes,it is imperative to address the challenge of measuring students’proficiency development in a language program where standardized proficiency t...With a growing number of foreign language studies on proficiency outcomes,it is imperative to address the challenge of measuring students’proficiency development in a language program where standardized proficiency testing is not readily available.This article reports administering a Chinese elicited imitation test(EIT)by an instructor to track students’global oral proficiency development in a small language program in a mid-size U.S.public university.The test results from the EIT of second language(L2)Chinese suggest that this tool can provide the instructor with valuable insights into students’oral proficiency.This study also discusses the potential practical value of using this EIT in a language program with limited resources for standardized proficiency assessment.The hope is that this study will encourage language educators who are not already doing so to start using empirical evidence from a valid and reliable proficiency measurement tool to reflect on,improve,and guide their instructional practices.展开更多
A kind of second-order implicit fractional step characteristic finite difference method is presented in this paper for the numerically simulation coupled system of enhanced (chemical) oil production in porous media....A kind of second-order implicit fractional step characteristic finite difference method is presented in this paper for the numerically simulation coupled system of enhanced (chemical) oil production in porous media. Some techniques, such as the calculus of variations, energy analysis method, commutativity of the products of difference operators, decomposition of high-order difference operators and the theory of a priori estimates are introduced and an optimal order error estimates in l^2 norm is derived. This method has been applied successfully to the numerical simulation of enhanced oil production in actual oilfields, and the simulation results ate quite interesting and satisfactory.展开更多
The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the finite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and ana...The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the finite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and analyzed superconvergence of the conforming finite element method by L2-projections. The goal of this paper is to perform numerical experiments using MATLAB to support and to verify the theoretical results in Wang for the superconvergence of the conforming finite element method (CFEM) for the second order elliptic problems by L2-projection methods. MATLAB codes are published at https://github.com/annaleeharris/Superconvergence-CFEM for anyone to use and to study.展开更多
This thesis attempts to find out the the learner's L2 attitudinal and motivational changes through the time of learning.This thesis employs qualitative approach to analyze the data collected from the interview. Ba...This thesis attempts to find out the the learner's L2 attitudinal and motivational changes through the time of learning.This thesis employs qualitative approach to analyze the data collected from the interview. Based on the analyses, it shows that L2learner's motivation does not stay relatively stable but rather evolutes over time.展开更多
In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties a...In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties and hypotheses from definition to de-fos?silization. This essay mainly focuses on complicated causes for fossilization.展开更多
More and more studies are examining the use of technology in the teaching of Mandarin Chinese as a second or foreign language(L2 Chinese).The current study involved a systematic review of the literature in the field p...More and more studies are examining the use of technology in the teaching of Mandarin Chinese as a second or foreign language(L2 Chinese).The current study involved a systematic review of the literature in the field published outside China from 2008 to 2018.A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria.The current review study aimed:(1)to examine the research topics and technologies used in the literature;(2)to identify the benefits of,and challenges involved in,the use of technologies in L2 Chinese teaching and learning;and(3)to suggest implications for practitioners and directions for further research.The review study provides educators and researchers with an overview of recent developments in this field,which could be helpful in informing teaching practice and further research.展开更多
This study investigated Chinese students’ intercultural competence and linguistic growth during a six-week study abroad program. The students and their professor participated in pre- and post-tests covering written a...This study investigated Chinese students’ intercultural competence and linguistic growth during a six-week study abroad program. The students and their professor participated in pre- and post-tests covering written and oral language competency as well as intercultural competence. The Global Scale of English assessed student language development to determine linguistic growth and the Assessment of Intercultural Competence of Chinese College Students (AIC-CCS) was used to determine student growth of intercultural competence skills, specifically related to cultural knowledge, skills, attitudes, and awareness as a result of their experiences in a non-Western context. Results indicated that students experienced a change in the salience of intercultural knowledge themes over their period abroad, as well as improved their individual language abilities. This study provides suggestions for future programming focused on the development of Chinese student intercultural competencies during short-term study abroad experiences in Western university environments.展开更多
The internalization of motivation in second/foreign language(L2)learning and the use of mock conferences(MCs)to prepare translating and interpreting learners for future professional careers have been widely researched...The internalization of motivation in second/foreign language(L2)learning and the use of mock conferences(MCs)to prepare translating and interpreting learners for future professional careers have been widely researched by scholars,but whether MC can facilitate the internalization of T&I learners’motivation is under-researched.Based on self-determination theory(SDT),this thesis investigates the effectiveness of MC in facilitating internalization of motivation through an empirical study which involves a 2-week long pedagogical experiment on two parallel classes of T&I learners taught by the same teacher in their 1st year of graduate study at Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation,Beijing Foreign Studies University.The research shows that compared with traditional teachercentered teaching model,MCs can better facilitate internalization of T&I learners’motivation.This article justifies the use of MCs as a situated approach in interpreting teaching and describes the design of MCs according to the psychological needs of SDT.In addition,the paper offers suggestions for further improvement of MCs design at the postgraduate level.展开更多
With the deepening of the understanding of second language learning, we have made a deeper exploration of the factors that affect the learning effect of learners. Among them, motivation, as the influence factor second...With the deepening of the understanding of second language learning, we have made a deeper exploration of the factors that affect the learning effect of learners. Among them, motivation, as the influence factor second only to academic technology, has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Dörnyei put forward the theory of second-language motivation self-system in 2005;the two-language motivation self-system mainly consists of three components, namely, the ideal two-language self, should be two-language self, and second-language learning experience.展开更多
文摘In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L.For no matter how well learners can command a language,their subjective incentives play adecisive role,that is the case particularly for non—Eniglish majors,who are always exposed tocrowded,serious and teacher—centred learning contexts.
文摘L1A(first language acquisition)is expected to shed light on the L2(second language)teaching.However,how far L1A correlates with second language teaching is an argument that never ends.Hence,the hypotheses on L1A and its connection with L2 Teaching are analyzed,along with a discussion on the relationship between L1A,L2A and L2 Teaching.The limitation of L1A to L2T is elaborated from the aspect of literacy,age and time distinction.
文摘The target of much language teaching and learning is to make students approximate to native speakers.The only rightful speak ers of a language are its native speakers.Contrary to these contemporary views,however,this paper argues that the obligation of the lan guage teacher is to help students to use L2 effectively not to simply imitate native speaker.A successful L2 user who comes from the group of L2 learners can be a model for students.Therefore,non-native teachers with a high degree of language proficiency and good teaching skills can be ideal and qualified language teachers.
文摘Except for positive transfer, the first language has a bad effect on people's second language learning undoubtedly, which is the very thing all second language learners ought to pay attention to and overcome.
文摘This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.
文摘Throughout decades of foreign language(L2) teaching,a recurring issue has been the role of the first language(L1) in the classroom.A long-term and wide-ranging debate persists regarding practical and theoretical questions about the significance of the L1’ s obvious influence on the L2 being learned.Although many feel that the L1 should not be used in the classroom,other researchers, teachers,and learners do see a role for the L1 and support its use as a communication strategy and instructional tool.This article will look at the historical background of this topic,and describe how the L1 is currently being used in the L2 classroom,including in written translation activities.A specific explanation will also be given about the benefits of using translation for assessing reading comprehension.
文摘This paper aims to explore motivational variations in different teenage English learner groups in Chinese context.Drawing on L2 Motivational Self System as the theoretical framework,combining You and Dornyei’s research with my professional teaching experience,this paper found that students who learn English for the purpose of passing the exam,ought-to L2self dimension is the highest,with L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self following behind.Students who tend to live or study abroad,ideal L2 self is the best predictor,followed by L2 learning experience and ought-to L2 self.This indicates that teachers should improve teaching methods,apply motivational strategies in the classroom,and encourage and help students to use selfmotivating strategies to motivate themselves.
文摘This study investigated the relationship between lexical richness in L2 writing and overall L2 proficiency.Three measures of lexical richness were identified and operationalized,i.e.lexical density,lexical sophistication and lexical diversity.The study collected 48 sets of texts written by learners at different proficiency levels from the ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English),and the learner texts were analyzed for lexical richness using a web-based lexical complexity analyzer.The quantitative analysis revealed a lack of significant difference in lexical richness between different proficiency levels.Relevant pedagogical implications were discussed.
文摘With a growing number of foreign language studies on proficiency outcomes,it is imperative to address the challenge of measuring students’proficiency development in a language program where standardized proficiency testing is not readily available.This article reports administering a Chinese elicited imitation test(EIT)by an instructor to track students’global oral proficiency development in a small language program in a mid-size U.S.public university.The test results from the EIT of second language(L2)Chinese suggest that this tool can provide the instructor with valuable insights into students’oral proficiency.This study also discusses the potential practical value of using this EIT in a language program with limited resources for standardized proficiency assessment.The hope is that this study will encourage language educators who are not already doing so to start using empirical evidence from a valid and reliable proficiency measurement tool to reflect on,improve,and guide their instructional practices.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(G19990328)National Tackling Key Program(2011ZX05011-004+6 种基金2011ZX0505220050200069)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11101244112712311077112410372052)Doctorate Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(20030422047)
文摘A kind of second-order implicit fractional step characteristic finite difference method is presented in this paper for the numerically simulation coupled system of enhanced (chemical) oil production in porous media. Some techniques, such as the calculus of variations, energy analysis method, commutativity of the products of difference operators, decomposition of high-order difference operators and the theory of a priori estimates are introduced and an optimal order error estimates in l^2 norm is derived. This method has been applied successfully to the numerical simulation of enhanced oil production in actual oilfields, and the simulation results ate quite interesting and satisfactory.
文摘The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the finite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and analyzed superconvergence of the conforming finite element method by L2-projections. The goal of this paper is to perform numerical experiments using MATLAB to support and to verify the theoretical results in Wang for the superconvergence of the conforming finite element method (CFEM) for the second order elliptic problems by L2-projection methods. MATLAB codes are published at https://github.com/annaleeharris/Superconvergence-CFEM for anyone to use and to study.
文摘This thesis attempts to find out the the learner's L2 attitudinal and motivational changes through the time of learning.This thesis employs qualitative approach to analyze the data collected from the interview. Based on the analyses, it shows that L2learner's motivation does not stay relatively stable but rather evolutes over time.
文摘In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties and hypotheses from definition to de-fos?silization. This essay mainly focuses on complicated causes for fossilization.
基金This paper was supported by Social Sciences and Humanities Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(Project No.19YJC740057)Innovation Project Funding of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(Project No.19TS13).
文摘More and more studies are examining the use of technology in the teaching of Mandarin Chinese as a second or foreign language(L2 Chinese).The current study involved a systematic review of the literature in the field published outside China from 2008 to 2018.A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria.The current review study aimed:(1)to examine the research topics and technologies used in the literature;(2)to identify the benefits of,and challenges involved in,the use of technologies in L2 Chinese teaching and learning;and(3)to suggest implications for practitioners and directions for further research.The review study provides educators and researchers with an overview of recent developments in this field,which could be helpful in informing teaching practice and further research.
文摘This study investigated Chinese students’ intercultural competence and linguistic growth during a six-week study abroad program. The students and their professor participated in pre- and post-tests covering written and oral language competency as well as intercultural competence. The Global Scale of English assessed student language development to determine linguistic growth and the Assessment of Intercultural Competence of Chinese College Students (AIC-CCS) was used to determine student growth of intercultural competence skills, specifically related to cultural knowledge, skills, attitudes, and awareness as a result of their experiences in a non-Western context. Results indicated that students experienced a change in the salience of intercultural knowledge themes over their period abroad, as well as improved their individual language abilities. This study provides suggestions for future programming focused on the development of Chinese student intercultural competencies during short-term study abroad experiences in Western university environments.
文摘The internalization of motivation in second/foreign language(L2)learning and the use of mock conferences(MCs)to prepare translating and interpreting learners for future professional careers have been widely researched by scholars,but whether MC can facilitate the internalization of T&I learners’motivation is under-researched.Based on self-determination theory(SDT),this thesis investigates the effectiveness of MC in facilitating internalization of motivation through an empirical study which involves a 2-week long pedagogical experiment on two parallel classes of T&I learners taught by the same teacher in their 1st year of graduate study at Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation,Beijing Foreign Studies University.The research shows that compared with traditional teachercentered teaching model,MCs can better facilitate internalization of T&I learners’motivation.This article justifies the use of MCs as a situated approach in interpreting teaching and describes the design of MCs according to the psychological needs of SDT.In addition,the paper offers suggestions for further improvement of MCs design at the postgraduate level.
文摘With the deepening of the understanding of second language learning, we have made a deeper exploration of the factors that affect the learning effect of learners. Among them, motivation, as the influence factor second only to academic technology, has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Dörnyei put forward the theory of second-language motivation self-system in 2005;the two-language motivation self-system mainly consists of three components, namely, the ideal two-language self, should be two-language self, and second-language learning experience.