局域增强系统(L oca l A rea A ugm en ta tion System,LAA S)是美国联邦航空局(F ed era l A v ia tion A d-m in istra tion,FAA)开发的G PS地基增强系统,支持G PS差分精密进近和着陆.多基准一致性检测是LAA S地面完好性监测的核心算...局域增强系统(L oca l A rea A ugm en ta tion System,LAA S)是美国联邦航空局(F ed era l A v ia tion A d-m in istra tion,FAA)开发的G PS地基增强系统,支持G PS差分精密进近和着陆.多基准一致性检测是LAA S地面完好性监测的核心算法.多基准一致性检测通过对伪距校正误差的测试和评估,保证了LAA S地面系统发布的伪距校正量误差不超出一个给定的范围.本文详细讨论了LAA S完好性监测模型中多基准一致性检测算法的B值的含义,并通过实验分析了B值的范围和阈值的选取.结果表明:在正常无故障情况下,B值的大小稳定在一个较小的范围内变化.一旦发生故障,通过阈值的限制就能检测出B值异常的情况.展开更多
为了满足民用航空用户在精密进场与着陆中的应用需求,美国联邦航空管理局设计了GPS局域增强系统(Local Area Augmention System,LAAS)。LAAS地面站设备采用3-4个安装在机场固定已知点的高性能GPS接收机,观测所有可见卫星,并将这些观测...为了满足民用航空用户在精密进场与着陆中的应用需求,美国联邦航空管理局设计了GPS局域增强系统(Local Area Augmention System,LAAS)。LAAS地面站设备采用3-4个安装在机场固定已知点的高性能GPS接收机,观测所有可见卫星,并将这些观测数据同时发送给处理单元,处理单元将码相位测量的伪距数据进行载波相位平滑,同时使用差分技术获得每颗可用卫星的误差修正值,并进行完善性监测,最后利用甚高频(VHF)广播这些修正数据。当某颗卫星出现故障后,整个系统的可用性发生改变。通过仿真研究可以得到当可见卫星数量在6颗或6颗以上时,减少一个卫星对完善性影响不大,甚至会变好,在可见卫星为5颗的时候较少一个完善性的可用性降低。并且完善性还和卫星的几何分布有关。展开更多
In the cloud data centers,how to map virtual machines(VMs) on physical machines(PMs) to reduce the energy consumption is becoming one of the major issues,and the existing VM scheduling schemes are mostly to reduce ene...In the cloud data centers,how to map virtual machines(VMs) on physical machines(PMs) to reduce the energy consumption is becoming one of the major issues,and the existing VM scheduling schemes are mostly to reduce energy consumption by optimizing the utilization of physical servers or network elements.However,the aggressive consolidation of these resources may lead to network performance degradation.In view of this,this paper proposes a two-stage VM scheduling scheme:(1) We propose a static VM placement scheme to minimize the number of activating PMs and network elements to reduce the energy consumption;(2) In the premise of minimizing the migration costs,we propose a dynamic VM migration scheme to minimize the maximum link utilization to improve the network performance.This scheme makes a tradeoff between energy efficiency and network performance.We design a new twostage heuristic algorithm for a solution,and the simulations show that our solution achieves good results.展开更多
In IaaS Cloud,different mapping relationships between virtual machines(VMs) and physical machines(PMs) cause different resource utilization,so how to place VMs on PMs to reduce energy consumption is becoming one of th...In IaaS Cloud,different mapping relationships between virtual machines(VMs) and physical machines(PMs) cause different resource utilization,so how to place VMs on PMs to reduce energy consumption is becoming one of the major concerns for cloud providers.The existing VM scheduling schemes propose optimize PMs or network resources utilization,but few of them attempt to improve the energy efficiency of these two kinds of resources simultaneously.This paper proposes a VM scheduling scheme meeting multiple resource constraints,such as the physical server size(CPU,memory,storage,bandwidth,etc.) and network link capacity to reduce both the numbers of active PMs and network elements so as to finally reduce energy consumption.Since VM scheduling problem is abstracted as a combination of bin packing problem and quadratic assignment problem,which is also known as a classic combinatorial optimization and NP-hard problem.Accordingly,we design a twostage heuristic algorithm to solve the issue,and the simulations show that our solution outperforms the existing PM- or network-only optimization solutions.展开更多
Well-cubic perovskite lanthanum aluminate (LaAl03) film on (110) silicon substrate was fabricated by sol-gel method with corresponding inorganic salts. Lanthanum acetate and aluminum acetate glacial acetic acid soluti...Well-cubic perovskite lanthanum aluminate (LaAl03) film on (110) silicon substrate was fabricated by sol-gel method with corresponding inorganic salts. Lanthanum acetate and aluminum acetate glacial acetic acid solutions were prepared via ligand exchange starting from lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate hexahydrate after being refluxed. (CH3CO)2O removed nitrates and the crystallized H2O completely, acetylacetone (AcAc) was partially bidentated with metallic ion of the metallic acetates and formed La(OAc)3-x(AcAc)x, which were hydrolyzed into La(AcAc)3-x(OH)x by adding 10 ml 0.4% methyl cellulose (MCL) solution. The La(AcAc)3-x(OH)x, polymerizing and combining with MCL,formed the LaA1O3 sol precursor with heteropolymeric structure and formed film easily. The epitaxial LaA1O3 film on Si(110) substrate was crystallized after being annealed in thermal annealing furnace for 650-750 ℃/30 min. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized. The refractive index of the LAO film was 1.942 to 2.007; the dielectric constant and the dissipation factors were estimated to be 23-26 and 2.1×10^-4-2.4x10^-4 respectively.展开更多
In this paper, effects on DOP (Dilution of Precision) due to augmentation of Global Positioning System (GPS) with pseudolites are investigated. For this purpose, a typical Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) scenari...In this paper, effects on DOP (Dilution of Precision) due to augmentation of Global Positioning System (GPS) with pseudolites are investigated. For this purpose, a typical Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) scenario is consi-dered by placing pseudolites in various positions. It is found that only properly located pseudolites can improve the DOP. DOP values with two pseudolites located on either side of the run way are found to be the best. Geometric DOP (max) was found to be nearly 4 due to only GPS and came down to approximately 2 due to augmentation with two pseudolites. Implementation aspects of Bayes and Kalman filters while estimating DOP values are also examined.展开更多
文摘局域增强系统(L oca l A rea A ugm en ta tion System,LAA S)是美国联邦航空局(F ed era l A v ia tion A d-m in istra tion,FAA)开发的G PS地基增强系统,支持G PS差分精密进近和着陆.多基准一致性检测是LAA S地面完好性监测的核心算法.多基准一致性检测通过对伪距校正误差的测试和评估,保证了LAA S地面系统发布的伪距校正量误差不超出一个给定的范围.本文详细讨论了LAA S完好性监测模型中多基准一致性检测算法的B值的含义,并通过实验分析了B值的范围和阈值的选取.结果表明:在正常无故障情况下,B值的大小稳定在一个较小的范围内变化.一旦发生故障,通过阈值的限制就能检测出B值异常的情况.
文摘为了满足民用航空用户在精密进场与着陆中的应用需求,美国联邦航空管理局设计了GPS局域增强系统(Local Area Augmention System,LAAS)。LAAS地面站设备采用3-4个安装在机场固定已知点的高性能GPS接收机,观测所有可见卫星,并将这些观测数据同时发送给处理单元,处理单元将码相位测量的伪距数据进行载波相位平滑,同时使用差分技术获得每颗可用卫星的误差修正值,并进行完善性监测,最后利用甚高频(VHF)广播这些修正数据。当某颗卫星出现故障后,整个系统的可用性发生改变。通过仿真研究可以得到当可见卫星数量在6颗或6颗以上时,减少一个卫星对完善性影响不大,甚至会变好,在可见卫星为5颗的时候较少一个完善性的可用性降低。并且完善性还和卫星的几何分布有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61002011)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2013AA013303)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013RC1104)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment(SKLSDE-2009KF-2-08)
文摘In the cloud data centers,how to map virtual machines(VMs) on physical machines(PMs) to reduce the energy consumption is becoming one of the major issues,and the existing VM scheduling schemes are mostly to reduce energy consumption by optimizing the utilization of physical servers or network elements.However,the aggressive consolidation of these resources may lead to network performance degradation.In view of this,this paper proposes a two-stage VM scheduling scheme:(1) We propose a static VM placement scheme to minimize the number of activating PMs and network elements to reduce the energy consumption;(2) In the premise of minimizing the migration costs,we propose a dynamic VM migration scheme to minimize the maximum link utilization to improve the network performance.This scheme makes a tradeoff between energy efficiency and network performance.We design a new twostage heuristic algorithm for a solution,and the simulations show that our solution achieves good results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)，the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities，the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China，the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment
文摘In IaaS Cloud,different mapping relationships between virtual machines(VMs) and physical machines(PMs) cause different resource utilization,so how to place VMs on PMs to reduce energy consumption is becoming one of the major concerns for cloud providers.The existing VM scheduling schemes propose optimize PMs or network resources utilization,but few of them attempt to improve the energy efficiency of these two kinds of resources simultaneously.This paper proposes a VM scheduling scheme meeting multiple resource constraints,such as the physical server size(CPU,memory,storage,bandwidth,etc.) and network link capacity to reduce both the numbers of active PMs and network elements so as to finally reduce energy consumption.Since VM scheduling problem is abstracted as a combination of bin packing problem and quadratic assignment problem,which is also known as a classic combinatorial optimization and NP-hard problem.Accordingly,we design a twostage heuristic algorithm to solve the issue,and the simulations show that our solution outperforms the existing PM- or network-only optimization solutions.
文摘Well-cubic perovskite lanthanum aluminate (LaAl03) film on (110) silicon substrate was fabricated by sol-gel method with corresponding inorganic salts. Lanthanum acetate and aluminum acetate glacial acetic acid solutions were prepared via ligand exchange starting from lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate hexahydrate after being refluxed. (CH3CO)2O removed nitrates and the crystallized H2O completely, acetylacetone (AcAc) was partially bidentated with metallic ion of the metallic acetates and formed La(OAc)3-x(AcAc)x, which were hydrolyzed into La(AcAc)3-x(OH)x by adding 10 ml 0.4% methyl cellulose (MCL) solution. The La(AcAc)3-x(OH)x, polymerizing and combining with MCL,formed the LaA1O3 sol precursor with heteropolymeric structure and formed film easily. The epitaxial LaA1O3 film on Si(110) substrate was crystallized after being annealed in thermal annealing furnace for 650-750 ℃/30 min. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized. The refractive index of the LAO film was 1.942 to 2.007; the dielectric constant and the dissipation factors were estimated to be 23-26 and 2.1×10^-4-2.4x10^-4 respectively.
文摘In this paper, effects on DOP (Dilution of Precision) due to augmentation of Global Positioning System (GPS) with pseudolites are investigated. For this purpose, a typical Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) scenario is consi-dered by placing pseudolites in various positions. It is found that only properly located pseudolites can improve the DOP. DOP values with two pseudolites located on either side of the run way are found to be the best. Geometric DOP (max) was found to be nearly 4 due to only GPS and came down to approximately 2 due to augmentation with two pseudolites. Implementation aspects of Bayes and Kalman filters while estimating DOP values are also examined.
