目的建立LC-MS/MS法检测2-脱氧-D-核糖中基因毒性杂质甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的方法。方法选用C18色谱柱（以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（体积比30∶70）为流动相,流速为1.0 m L·min-1,分...目的建立LC-MS/MS法检测2-脱氧-D-核糖中基因毒性杂质甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的方法。方法选用C18色谱柱（以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（体积比30∶70）为流动相,流速为1.0 m L·min-1,分流比为30%,柱温为40℃,进样量为10μL。采用APCI离子源检测扫描方式负离子模式检测。结果甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯质量浓度在20～200μg·L-1内与峰面积线性关系良好,甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的检测限为4μg·L-1,定量限为10μg·L-1,甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的回收率分别为104.8%（RSD=7.93%,n=9）和101.0%（RSD=5.97%,n=9）。结论本方法灵敏、专属性强,适用于2-脱氧-D-核糖中基因毒性杂质甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的检测。展开更多
【目的】探索黄芩提取物防治猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)感染的潜在作用机制。【方法】利用GEO数据库收集SS2感染不同细胞的转录组数据,通过GEO2R在线软件筛选差异表达基因,并利用STRING数据库与Cytoscape v3.8.2软件...【目的】探索黄芩提取物防治猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)感染的潜在作用机制。【方法】利用GEO数据库收集SS2感染不同细胞的转录组数据,通过GEO2R在线软件筛选差异表达基因,并利用STRING数据库与Cytoscape v3.8.2软件构建蛋白互作(PPI)网络并进行拓扑分析,通过GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析筛选SS2感染机体后核心蛋白、生物功能和信号转导途径变化。采用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)分析并鉴定黄芩提取物的组成成分,利用Swiss ADME和SwissTargetPredication数据库筛选黄芩提取物的活性成分并预测其作用靶点;运用网络药理学方法将疾病靶点与黄芩提取物有效成分作用靶点相结合,进一步明确黄芩提取物抗SS2感染机制。通过分子对接和实时荧光定量PCR方法验证网络药理学预测结果的可行性。【结果】GEO数据库的2组基因芯片共鉴定出1308个SS2感染差异表达基因,PPI分析筛选出核心基因70个,GO功能富集分析显示显著富集条目主要涉及细胞因子介导的信号通路和对细胞因子刺激的反应等,KEGG通路富集分析涉及TNF、PI3K-Akt、JAK-STAT等信号转导途径。黄芩提取物共包括31个有效成分,包括汉黄芩素和黄芩苷等,其可能影响VEGFA、TNF和PPARG等核心靶点,涉及炎症反应、细胞凋亡和促进血管新生等多个生物功能和信号通路。分子对接结果显示,黄芩提取物中汉黄芩素和黄芩苷与TNF、PPARG和VEGFA有较好的结合能。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,SS2感染后猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAMs)细胞中CA9、PPARG、JUN、SCD、JAK3和VEGFA基因mRNA水平均显著上调(P<0.05),黄芩提取物干预后,上述基因mRNA表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。【结论】SS2感染机体后涉及细胞因子介导的生物过程、TNF等信号通路发生变化,黄芩提取物有效成分可能通过AMPK、PI3K-Akt、GFR、TNF等信号通路共同参与机体凋亡调控、炎症反应、血管生成等生物过程从而抗SS2感染。展开更多
A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric（LC —MS/MS）method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel,a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma.A chromatographic separati...A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric（LC —MS/MS）method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel,a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma.A chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C_（18） column following a liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation with methyl t-butyl ether.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） with an electrospray ionization（ESI）mode.The method was validated in terms of specificity,accuracy,precision and limit of quantification.The calibration curves ranged from 0.50 to 50.0 ng/mL with good linearity.The stability was fully validated with addition of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol（DTT） into the plasma sample prior to and in the preparation procedure.The validated method was proved to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel tablets in human subjects,which could make contribution to intensive study of the clinical drug-drug interactions of clopidogrel and individual treatment.展开更多
A high sensitive method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） was developed and validated for the study of permeability of danshensu（DS） and paeoniflorin（PF） in Caco-2 intestinal abso...A high sensitive method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） was developed and validated for the study of permeability of danshensu（DS） and paeoniflorin（PF） in Caco-2 intestinal absorption model. The DS and PF were extracted from cell culture by vacuum-lyophilizing and then separated on a Zorbax Stable Bond C18 column with 0.1% acetic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase. Detection was carried out by negative electrospray ionization（ESI ） with selected reaction monitoring（SRM） mode. The apparent permeability coefficients（Papp） of DS and PF in Caco-2 cell medium were calculated and the effects of verapamil on the coefficients Papp of the two test compounds were also illustrated. The permeability of PF was much better than that of DS when the two compounds were administrated individually. Co-administration of DS and PF led to the decrease of the transport from apical side to basolateral side for both the compounds. However, the transport in the contrary direction were accelerated. It was also observed that verapamil could accelerate the transport of the test compounds from apical side to basolateral side. However, the absorption-enhanced effect of verapamil was attenuated when DS and PF were co-administrated. These observations suggest that both passive diffusion and active efflux involved in P-gp would effect the passage of DS and PF across Caco-2 cell monolayer. At the same time, the co-administration of DS and PF to an alteration of transport behavior, which suggests that the interaction must be taken into account when ‘n-in-one＇ samples were used in Caco-2 intestinal model.展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identi...AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.展开更多
N-Methyl bis(2-(alkyloxy-alkylphosphoryloxy)ethyl)amines, which are abbreviated as PNPs, are a series of new skeleton chemicals belonging to schedule 2.B.04 chemicals of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). PNPs are imp...N-Methyl bis(2-(alkyloxy-alkylphosphoryloxy)ethyl)amines, which are abbreviated as PNPs, are a series of new skeleton chemicals belonging to schedule 2.B.04 chemicals of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). PNPs are important markers of chemical warfare agents because they are structurally relative to both nerve agents and N-mustards. In this study, fragmentation pathways of the most characteristic fragment ions in Q-TOF mass spectrometry were proposed based on the information from accurate mass and secondary fragmentations of product ions scan experiments. Results indicated that the base ion in LC/HRMS was the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+. In LC-HRMS/MS, it was [M+H-CnH2n+1P(O)(OH)CmH2m+1O]+ fragment ion which was formed by losing an alkyloxy alkylphosphoryloxy group from the quasi-molecular ion. The diagnostic ion m/z84.0814 was identified as [C5H10N]+, which was the group of (CH2=CH)2N+(H)CH3. PNPs have two protonated centers. One is on the N atom, the other is on the O atom (P=O). O-n-propyl PNPs generally exhibited two fragmentation pathways. Firstly, the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+ lost a propoxy alkylphosphoryloxy group to produce [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7)OCH2CH2N(CH3)CH=CH2]+, which could be fragmented further to produce [C5H10N]+ ion. Secondly, [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7) OCH=CH2]+ ions were produced from [M+H]+ and fragmented further to produce the abundant ions [R1P(OH+)(OH)OCH =CH2]. However, O-isopropyl PNPs characteristically produced weak fragment ions [M+H-C3H6]+, which were presumably formed via loss of CH3CH=CH2 from [M+H]+. Other PNPs showed similar fragmentation pathways as O-n-propyl PNPs. On the summarization of the MS fragmentation pathways of PNPs, LC-HRMS/MS quantitative and qualitative methods were developed and applied to analyze N-Methyl bis(2-(butoxy-methylphosphoryloxy)ethyl]amine in high background organic samples. The analytical results had successfully supported the sample preparation for the 33rd official proficiency test of Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).展开更多
The cis and trans isomers separation of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine were studied by HPLC on two kinds of chiral columns: (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 and ChiraSpher. The isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol can be separated on both c...The cis and trans isomers separation of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine were studied by HPLC on two kinds of chiral columns: (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 and ChiraSpher. The isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol can be separated on both chiral columns while the isomers of lafutidine can only be resolved on ChiraSpher column. The influence of different type and amount of mobile phase modifier on the isomers separation was extensively studied. The resolution of cis and trans isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol was 2.61on (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 column with hexane-ethanol (97:3, v/v) as the mobile phase. The resolution of lafutidine was 1.89 on ChiraSpher column with hexane-ethanol-THF-diethylamine (92:3:5:0.1, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. LC-MS methods were developed to identify the isomer peaks.展开更多
文摘目的建立LC-MS/MS法检测2-脱氧-D-核糖中基因毒性杂质甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的方法。方法选用C18色谱柱（以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（体积比30∶70）为流动相,流速为1.0 m L·min-1,分流比为30%,柱温为40℃,进样量为10μL。采用APCI离子源检测扫描方式负离子模式检测。结果甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯质量浓度在20～200μg·L-1内与峰面积线性关系良好,甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的检测限为4μg·L-1,定量限为10μg·L-1,甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的回收率分别为104.8%（RSD=7.93%,n=9）和101.0%（RSD=5.97%,n=9）。结论本方法灵敏、专属性强,适用于2-脱氧-D-核糖中基因毒性杂质甲磺酸甲酯和甲磺酸乙酯的检测。
文摘【目的】探索黄芩提取物防治猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)感染的潜在作用机制。【方法】利用GEO数据库收集SS2感染不同细胞的转录组数据,通过GEO2R在线软件筛选差异表达基因,并利用STRING数据库与Cytoscape v3.8.2软件构建蛋白互作(PPI)网络并进行拓扑分析,通过GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析筛选SS2感染机体后核心蛋白、生物功能和信号转导途径变化。采用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)分析并鉴定黄芩提取物的组成成分,利用Swiss ADME和SwissTargetPredication数据库筛选黄芩提取物的活性成分并预测其作用靶点;运用网络药理学方法将疾病靶点与黄芩提取物有效成分作用靶点相结合,进一步明确黄芩提取物抗SS2感染机制。通过分子对接和实时荧光定量PCR方法验证网络药理学预测结果的可行性。【结果】GEO数据库的2组基因芯片共鉴定出1308个SS2感染差异表达基因,PPI分析筛选出核心基因70个,GO功能富集分析显示显著富集条目主要涉及细胞因子介导的信号通路和对细胞因子刺激的反应等,KEGG通路富集分析涉及TNF、PI3K-Akt、JAK-STAT等信号转导途径。黄芩提取物共包括31个有效成分,包括汉黄芩素和黄芩苷等,其可能影响VEGFA、TNF和PPARG等核心靶点,涉及炎症反应、细胞凋亡和促进血管新生等多个生物功能和信号通路。分子对接结果显示,黄芩提取物中汉黄芩素和黄芩苷与TNF、PPARG和VEGFA有较好的结合能。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,SS2感染后猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAMs)细胞中CA9、PPARG、JUN、SCD、JAK3和VEGFA基因mRNA水平均显著上调(P<0.05),黄芩提取物干预后,上述基因mRNA表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。【结论】SS2感染机体后涉及细胞因子介导的生物过程、TNF等信号通路发生变化,黄芩提取物有效成分可能通过AMPK、PI3K-Akt、GFR、TNF等信号通路共同参与机体凋亡调控、炎症反应、血管生成等生物过程从而抗SS2感染。
文摘A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric（LC —MS/MS）method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel,a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma.A chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C_（18） column following a liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation with methyl t-butyl ether.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） with an electrospray ionization（ESI）mode.The method was validated in terms of specificity,accuracy,precision and limit of quantification.The calibration curves ranged from 0.50 to 50.0 ng/mL with good linearity.The stability was fully validated with addition of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol（DTT） into the plasma sample prior to and in the preparation procedure.The validated method was proved to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel tablets in human subjects,which could make contribution to intensive study of the clinical drug-drug interactions of clopidogrel and individual treatment.
基金the National Basic Research Priorities Program of China(No. 2005CB523402)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.Y204418)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (No.NCET-06-0515)
文摘A high sensitive method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） was developed and validated for the study of permeability of danshensu（DS） and paeoniflorin（PF） in Caco-2 intestinal absorption model. The DS and PF were extracted from cell culture by vacuum-lyophilizing and then separated on a Zorbax Stable Bond C18 column with 0.1% acetic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase. Detection was carried out by negative electrospray ionization（ESI ） with selected reaction monitoring（SRM） mode. The apparent permeability coefficients（Papp） of DS and PF in Caco-2 cell medium were calculated and the effects of verapamil on the coefficients Papp of the two test compounds were also illustrated. The permeability of PF was much better than that of DS when the two compounds were administrated individually. Co-administration of DS and PF led to the decrease of the transport from apical side to basolateral side for both the compounds. However, the transport in the contrary direction were accelerated. It was also observed that verapamil could accelerate the transport of the test compounds from apical side to basolateral side. However, the absorption-enhanced effect of verapamil was attenuated when DS and PF were co-administrated. These observations suggest that both passive diffusion and active efflux involved in P-gp would effect the passage of DS and PF across Caco-2 cell monolayer. At the same time, the co-administration of DS and PF to an alteration of transport behavior, which suggests that the interaction must be taken into account when ‘n-in-one＇ samples were used in Caco-2 intestinal model.
基金Supported by NIH:NIAID/USAMRICD Interagency Agreements(W911NF-07-D-0001)the USAMRICD under the auspices of the US Army Research Office Scientific Services Program administered by Battelle(Delivery order 0557,Contract No TCN 08284)the Robert A.Welch Foundation at Sam Houston State University,Huntsville,TX,United States
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.
文摘N-Methyl bis(2-(alkyloxy-alkylphosphoryloxy)ethyl)amines, which are abbreviated as PNPs, are a series of new skeleton chemicals belonging to schedule 2.B.04 chemicals of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). PNPs are important markers of chemical warfare agents because they are structurally relative to both nerve agents and N-mustards. In this study, fragmentation pathways of the most characteristic fragment ions in Q-TOF mass spectrometry were proposed based on the information from accurate mass and secondary fragmentations of product ions scan experiments. Results indicated that the base ion in LC/HRMS was the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+. In LC-HRMS/MS, it was [M+H-CnH2n+1P(O)(OH)CmH2m+1O]+ fragment ion which was formed by losing an alkyloxy alkylphosphoryloxy group from the quasi-molecular ion. The diagnostic ion m/z84.0814 was identified as [C5H10N]+, which was the group of (CH2=CH)2N+(H)CH3. PNPs have two protonated centers. One is on the N atom, the other is on the O atom (P=O). O-n-propyl PNPs generally exhibited two fragmentation pathways. Firstly, the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+ lost a propoxy alkylphosphoryloxy group to produce [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7)OCH2CH2N(CH3)CH=CH2]+, which could be fragmented further to produce [C5H10N]+ ion. Secondly, [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7) OCH=CH2]+ ions were produced from [M+H]+ and fragmented further to produce the abundant ions [R1P(OH+)(OH)OCH =CH2]. However, O-isopropyl PNPs characteristically produced weak fragment ions [M+H-C3H6]+, which were presumably formed via loss of CH3CH=CH2 from [M+H]+. Other PNPs showed similar fragmentation pathways as O-n-propyl PNPs. On the summarization of the MS fragmentation pathways of PNPs, LC-HRMS/MS quantitative and qualitative methods were developed and applied to analyze N-Methyl bis(2-(butoxy-methylphosphoryloxy)ethyl]amine in high background organic samples. The analytical results had successfully supported the sample preparation for the 33rd official proficiency test of Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
文摘The cis and trans isomers separation of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine were studied by HPLC on two kinds of chiral columns: (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 and ChiraSpher. The isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol can be separated on both chiral columns while the isomers of lafutidine can only be resolved on ChiraSpher column. The influence of different type and amount of mobile phase modifier on the isomers separation was extensively studied. The resolution of cis and trans isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol was 2.61on (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 column with hexane-ethanol (97:3, v/v) as the mobile phase. The resolution of lafutidine was 1.89 on ChiraSpher column with hexane-ethanol-THF-diethylamine (92:3:5:0.1, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. LC-MS methods were developed to identify the isomer peaks.
