Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2(LEAP-2)is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in a host’s innate immune system.We previously demonstrated that mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)LEAP-2(BpLEA...Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2(LEAP-2)is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in a host’s innate immune system.We previously demonstrated that mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)LEAP-2(BpLEAP-2)induces chemotaxis and activation of monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).However,the molecular mechanism by which BpLEAP-2 regulates MO/MΦ remains unclear.In this study,we used yeast twohybrid cDNA library screening to identify mudskipper protein(s)that interacted with BpLEAP-2,and characterized a sequence encoding motile sperm domain-containing protein 2(BpMOSPD2).The interaction between BpLEAP-2 and BpMOSPD2 was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP).Sequence analyses revealed that the predicted BpMOSPD2 contained an N-terminal extracellular portion composed of a CRAL-TRIO domain and a motile sperm domain,a C-terminal transmembrane domain,and a short cytoplasmic tail.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that BpMOSPD2 grouped tightly with fish MOSPD2 homologs and was most closely related to that of the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).The recombinant BpMOSPD2 was produced by prokaryotic expression and the corresponding antibody was prepared for protein concentration determination.RNA interference was used to knockdown BpMOSPD2 expression in the mudskipper MO/MΦ,and the knockdown efficiency was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Knockdown of BpMOSPD2 significantly inhibited BpLEAP-2-induced chemotaxis of mudskipper MO/MΦand BpLEAP-2-induced bacterial killing activity.Furthermore,knockdown of BpMOSPD2 inhibited the effect of BpLEAP-2 on mRNA expression levels of BpIL-10,BpTNFα,BpIL-1β,and BpTGFβ in MO/MΦ.In general,BpMOSPD2 directly interacted with BpLEAP-2,and mediated the effects of BpLEAP-2 on chemotaxis and activation of mudskipper MO/MΦ.This is the first identification of MOSPD2 as a receptor for LEAP-2.展开更多
为分析省域层面货运物流碳达峰路径,以某省为例,应用长期能源替代规划系统(long-range energy alternatives planning systems,LEAP)模型,预测基准情景和低碳情景下2019—2050年某省货运物流领域的能源需求、CO_(2)排放和减排潜力,并提...为分析省域层面货运物流碳达峰路径,以某省为例,应用长期能源替代规划系统(long-range energy alternatives planning systems,LEAP)模型,预测基准情景和低碳情景下2019—2050年某省货运物流领域的能源需求、CO_(2)排放和减排潜力,并提出碳达峰路径方案。结果表明:基准情景下某省货运物流能源需求和CO_(2)排放均将于2038年左右达峰,低碳情景下达峰时间分别有望提前到2034年、2033年。公路货运的减排潜力巨大,应大力推进“公转铁”“公转水”,不断提高交通工具的能效水平及新能源、清洁能源的应用比例,配套建设新能源与清洁能源基础设施,加快低碳技术在货运物流中的创新应用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972821,31772876)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ18C190001)+1 种基金Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo(2015C110018)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2(LEAP-2)is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in a host’s innate immune system.We previously demonstrated that mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)LEAP-2(BpLEAP-2)induces chemotaxis and activation of monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).However,the molecular mechanism by which BpLEAP-2 regulates MO/MΦ remains unclear.In this study,we used yeast twohybrid cDNA library screening to identify mudskipper protein(s)that interacted with BpLEAP-2,and characterized a sequence encoding motile sperm domain-containing protein 2(BpMOSPD2).The interaction between BpLEAP-2 and BpMOSPD2 was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP).Sequence analyses revealed that the predicted BpMOSPD2 contained an N-terminal extracellular portion composed of a CRAL-TRIO domain and a motile sperm domain,a C-terminal transmembrane domain,and a short cytoplasmic tail.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that BpMOSPD2 grouped tightly with fish MOSPD2 homologs and was most closely related to that of the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).The recombinant BpMOSPD2 was produced by prokaryotic expression and the corresponding antibody was prepared for protein concentration determination.RNA interference was used to knockdown BpMOSPD2 expression in the mudskipper MO/MΦ,and the knockdown efficiency was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Knockdown of BpMOSPD2 significantly inhibited BpLEAP-2-induced chemotaxis of mudskipper MO/MΦand BpLEAP-2-induced bacterial killing activity.Furthermore,knockdown of BpMOSPD2 inhibited the effect of BpLEAP-2 on mRNA expression levels of BpIL-10,BpTNFα,BpIL-1β,and BpTGFβ in MO/MΦ.In general,BpMOSPD2 directly interacted with BpLEAP-2,and mediated the effects of BpLEAP-2 on chemotaxis and activation of mudskipper MO/MΦ.This is the first identification of MOSPD2 as a receptor for LEAP-2.
文摘为分析省域层面货运物流碳达峰路径,以某省为例,应用长期能源替代规划系统(long-range energy alternatives planning systems,LEAP)模型,预测基准情景和低碳情景下2019—2050年某省货运物流领域的能源需求、CO_(2)排放和减排潜力,并提出碳达峰路径方案。结果表明:基准情景下某省货运物流能源需求和CO_(2)排放均将于2038年左右达峰,低碳情景下达峰时间分别有望提前到2034年、2033年。公路货运的减排潜力巨大,应大力推进“公转铁”“公转水”,不断提高交通工具的能效水平及新能源、清洁能源的应用比例,配套建设新能源与清洁能源基础设施,加快低碳技术在货运物流中的创新应用。
