Long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention on blood parameters,apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary protein levels

Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary crude protein（CP） levels. Eighteen litters of piglets（total 212） were randomly allocated to 2 groups and were fed a creep feed diet with or without in-feed antibiotics（olaquindox, oxytetracycline calcium and kitasamycin） from postnatal d 7 to d 42. On d 42, the piglets within the control or antibiotic group were mixed, respectively, and then further randomly assigned to a normal-（20%, 18%, and 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively） or a low-CP diet（16%, 14%, and 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively）, generating 4 groups. On d 77（short-term） and d 185（long-term）, serum and fecal samples were obtained for blood parameters, microbial composition and microbial metabolism analysis.Results： EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） albumin and glucose concentrations in low-CP diet on d 77, and increased（P 〈 0.05） urea concentration in normal-CP diet. On d 185, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） globulin concentration in normal-CP diets, but decreased glucose concentration. For nutrient digestibility, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05）digestibility of CP on d 77. For fecal microbiota, the EAI as well as low-CP diet decreased（P 〈 0.05） E. coli count on d 77. For fecal metabolites, on d 77, EAI decreased（P 〈 0.05） total amines concentration but increased skatole concentration in low-CP diet. On d 185, the EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） putrescine and total amines concentrations in low-CP diets but reduced（P 〈 0.05） in the normal-CP diets. The low-CP diet decreased the concentrations of these compounds.Conclusions： Collectively, these results indicate that EAI has short-term effects on the blood parameters and fecal microbial fermentation profile. The effects of EAI varied between CP levels, which was characterized by the significant alteration of glucose and putrescine concentration.

A LONG TERM EFFECT EVALUATION OF TOTAL HIP PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT

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Paleozoic Tectono-Metallogeny in the Tianshan-Altay Region,Central Asia

The research on Paleozoic tectonics and endogenic metallogeny in the Tianshan-Altay region of Central Asia is an important and significant project. The Altay region, as a collision zone of the Early Paleozoic （500-397 Ma）, and the Tianshan region, as a collision zone of the early period in the Late Paleozoic （Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous, 385-323 Ma）, are all the result of nearly N-S trending shortening and collision （according to recent magnetic orientation）. In the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous period （385-323 Ma）, regional NW trending faults displayed features of dextral strike-slip motion in the Altay and Junggar regions. In the Tianshan region, nearly EW-trending regional faults are motions of the thrusts. However, in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian period （323-260 Ma）, influenced by the long-distance effect induced from the Ural collision zone, those areas suffered weaker eastward compression, the existing NW trending faults converted into sinistral strike-slip in the Altay and Junggar regions, and the existing nearly E-W trending faults transferred into dextral strike-slip faults in the Tianshan region. The Rocks of those regions in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian period （323-260 Ma） were moderately ruptured to a certain tension-shear, and thus formed a number of world famous giant endogenic metal ore deposits in the Tianshan-Altay region. As to the Central Asian continent, the most powerful collision period may not coincide with the most favorable endogenic metallogenic period. It should be treated to ＂the orogenic metallogeny hypothesis＂ with caution in that region.

Exenatide efficacy in unselected patients: Comparison with clinical trials

Exenatide is a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog improving fasting and post-prandial glycaemia, approved in patients treated with a combination of sulfonylureas and metformin and not achieving good metabolic control. This retrospective cohort study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide in unselected patients with outcomes of FDA trials and other uncontrolled published studies. Exenatide was prescribed in 108 patients between April 2008 and December 2009, 80% of the patients were treated with 10 ug of exenatide twice daily. Mean follow up was 4.5 months for the 1st follow up. Changes in HbA1c (-1.1%), BMI (-1.1) and fasting glucose (-0.61 g/l) from baseline were significant, and coherent with controlled trials. 32% of patients had at least one side effect, often gastro intestinal. 23% stopped the treatment, a quarter (1/4) of which for inefficacity. Patients with a higher BMI (>40) (n = 29) at baseline did not show a better response in HbA1c or weight. Results at the second follow-up show a slight tendency of rising on HbA1c, BMI and fasting blood glucose. Finally, a third follow-up at a mean of 17 months is available for 11 patients, which shows stability in HA1c, BMI and fasting glucose. In our experience, Exenatide was safe and effective in reducing HbA1c and weight in patients who were able to tolerate it. Our results are close to results published elsewhere. There are still gaps in the literature on exenatide, especially on the long term effect, which need to be assessed by more publications.

COOPERATING,WITH COMPLICATIONS——The Shanghai Cooperation Organization still has a long way to go before it can operate effectively

On June 15,2001, the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, marking the formal launch of the regional organization. Its history can be traced back to 19% when Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan formed the Shanghai Five, later renamed the Shanghai Forum. After Uzbekistan joined, the forum changed

THE EFFECT OF THE LONG WAVE OVER THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ON TYPHOON TRACKS OVER THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC

The normal typhoon paths with 109 cases during the period from 1960 to 1979 have been analysed in this study. These paths are divided into 7 categories. The effect of the position and intensity of large- scale wave on each category has been examined. It has been discovered, as a result, that this effect is rather evident. On the other hand, the teleconnection between different centers of anion does exist. A simple theoretical analysis indicates that the teleconnection is related to the propagation of wave energy. Thus, to predict correctly typhoon path, not only the steering flow of typhoon, but also, more significantly, the behavior of large-scale wave over the Northern Hemisphere must be taken into consideration.