La^(3+)对MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷致密化过程、光学及力学性能的影响

镁铝尖晶石(MgAl_(2)O_(4))透明陶瓷具有优异的光学和力学性能,在防弹装甲窗口、高马赫整流罩等方面得到了大量的应用。为实现MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷的致密化,一般需要相对较高的烧结温度,然而高的烧结温度会导致陶瓷晶粒生长过大,影响其性能。因此通过引入合适的烧结助剂降低烧结温度,对于提升陶瓷性能和降低成本均具有很大的意义。本文以高纯商业MgAl_(2)O_(4)粉体为原料,La(OH)_(3)为烧结助剂,采用真空烧结结合热等静压后处理的方式,成功制备MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷,并采用XRD、SEM等对透明陶瓷的微结构和相组成的演变以及性能进行表征。结果表明,La^(3+)在烧结早中期可有效提高陶瓷致密化速率,在烧结后期可抑制陶瓷晶粒生长。掺入0.01%(质量分数)La_(2)O_(3)后,MgAl_(2)O_(4)光学和力学综合性能优异,所需的热等静压烧结温度由1650℃降低到1600℃,相应平均晶粒尺寸由7μm减小到3μm。

La^(3+)修饰对纳米ZnO/TiO_(2)复合粉体的光催化性能影响

以La_(2)(SO_(4))3、Ti(SO_(4))2和ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O为原料,体积分数为40%的乙醇作溶剂,用共沉淀法制备La^(3+)修饰纳米ZnO/TiO_(2)复合光催化材料,初步研究了La^(3+)修饰对ZnO/TiO_(2)光催化性能的影响。有实验可知,用最佳镧掺杂量为0.2%的Zn∶Ti=3∶10的ZnO/TiO_(2)样品,La^(3+)修饰ZnO/TiO_(2)纳米复合粉体对甲基橙降解率可达到38.4%。掺入金属La^(3+)有效地抑制ZnO/TiO_(2)纳米复合粉体粒子之间的团聚,比表面积增加,光催化活性明显增强。并采用XRD等测试手段对其进行表征。

La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体的高分子网络凝胶法制备工艺优化及其光催化降解甲基橙性能(英文)

采用高分子网络凝胶法制备La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体,通过正交实验优化制备工艺,采用比表面积测试(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)和扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)对TiO_(2)粉体的晶体结构和光吸收性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标进行了光催化降解实验。结果表明:高分子网络凝胶法制备La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体时对TiO_(2)光吸收波长影响最大的是煅烧温度,其次是掺杂量,最后是保温时间;正交实验得到的最优制备条件为:La^(3+)掺杂量为0.5%mol、煅烧温度为800℃,保温时间为30 min;煅烧温度过高与过低都不利于提高La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)的光催化活性,其存在一个最佳的温度范围:650~700℃;La^(3+)掺杂抑制了锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,也抑制了晶粒的长大,但当La^(3+)掺杂量为1.0%mol时,其光催化效果最好;二氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙是零级反应,掺杂并没有改变光催化反应类型。

5-取代-4-氨基-3-巯基-1,2,4-三唑衍生物的应用进展

5-取代-4-氨基-3-巯基-1,2,4-三唑是一类重要的五元杂环化合物,由于分子中含有巯基和伯胺基两个活性基团,既可以单个基团参与反应生成N-或S-取代产物,又可以同时发生反应生成稠杂环化合物。由其衍生而来的化合物具有广泛的生物活性,在抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗结核、抗炎镇痛、酶抑制剂、荧光探针等方面都表现出优异的性能。综述了近年来5-取代-4-氨基-3-巯基-1,2,4-三唑衍生物在医学、农业及材料领域的应用,为今后进一步研究、开发此类化合物提供参考。

La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料的制备及室温检测超低浓度甲醛

采用静电纺丝法成功制备了La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。随后,研究了La^(3+)的掺杂量(质量分数)对CaFe_(2)O_(4)气敏性能的影响。研究表明,3%La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料在室温下对100μL·L^(-1)甲醛的响应最高(R_(a)/R_(g)=14.1)。更为重要的是,对甲醛的最低检测限低至0.1 nL·L^(-1),并且响应/恢复时间仅为4.3 s/8.4 s。

高特异性的La^(3+)靶向多肽探针及其在细胞和斑马鱼成像中的应用

研究报道了一种新型多肽探针(TPE-Glu-Glu-Pro-Gly-Glu-Glu-NH2),该多肽探针单独存在时没有荧光,稀土元素镧离子(La^(3+))加入后,与多肽探针特异性结合,限制了四苯乙烯(TPE)分子内的旋转,导致溶液产生强的荧光信号。该探针具有特异性,16种常见金属的存在也几乎不影响其对La^(3+)的靶向检测。我们研究发现,谷氨酸在多肽探针结合La^(3+)的过程中发挥重要作用,减少谷氨酸个数会影响其特异性识别。滴定和Job工作曲线结果表明,该多肽探针与La^(3+)结合比为1∶2,结合常数为1.29×10^(10)(L/mol)^(2)。计算机模拟结果表明,La^(3+)与多肽探针酰胺键的氧和谷氨酸羧基中羟基的氧结合。该探针可以高灵敏检测水溶液和唾液中的La^(3+),检测限分别为0.12μmol/L和0.32μmol/L。该高灵敏、高特异性多肽探针具有良好的生物相容性,可以用于细胞和斑马鱼中La^(3+)靶向成像,在环境和医学样品检测中有巨大的应用潜力。

Li(Sc,M)Si_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)(M=Ga^(3+)/Lu^(3+)/Y^(3+)/Gd^(3+))的近红外发光性能

荧光转换型近红外发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)具有体积小、谱带宽、峰位易调谐等优点,是新一代NIR光源发展的前沿,其关键在于研发可被蓝光有效激发的高效率宽带近红外荧光粉。LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光材料的激发波长为460 nm,发射峰位在845 nm,光谱带宽为156 nm,内量子效率为64.4%。基于该体系,本文通过M离子(M=Ga^(3+),Lu^(3+),Y^(3+),Gd^(3+))取代Sc^(3+)的方式对其性能进行调控。结果表明,引入M离子易生成杂相或发生相变,降低了材料的发光性能。本文从晶体结构出发对其调控过程进行了分析。

多格位阳离子共掺提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的光吸收

采用高温固相法制备Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)单掺或共掺杂的LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉,通过漫反射光谱、光致激发和发射光谱、量子效率测试等手段对其光吸收及光致发光性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)等离子单独掺杂均可提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉对460 nm蓝光的吸收,而多格位阳离子共掺可进一步增强光吸收能力,吸收效率可从最初的50.5%提升至60.9%。多格位离子单掺或共掺引起Cr^(3+)占据八面体结构畸变程度增加,从而导致光吸收增强。优化荧光体系LiSc_(0.4)In_(0.6)Si_(1.6)Ge_(0.4)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)的近红外发射峰波长为860 nm,半高宽为160 nm,内、外量子效率分别为72.5%和41.8%,封装制成的荧光转换型LED器件在100 mA驱动电流下近红外光输出功率为63.1 mW,近红外电光转换效率为22.3%,表现出较好的近红外发光综合性能。本研究工作为增强Cr^(3+)激活近红外荧光粉的光吸收提供了一种有效手段。

A flexible design strategy to modify Ti3C2Tx MXene surface terminations via nucleophilic substitution for long-life Li-S batteries

MXene-based materials have gained considerable attention for lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries cathode materials due to their superior electric conductivity and high affinitive to polysulfides.However,there are still challenges in modifying the surface functional groups of MXene to further improve the electrochemical performance and increase the structure variety for MXene-based sulfur host.Herein,we report an efficient and flexible nucleophilic substitution(S_(N))strategy to modify the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) surface terminations and purposefully designed Magnolol-modified Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(M-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))as powerful cathode host materials.Benefiting from more C-Ti-O bonds forming and diallyl groups terminations reducing after the dehalogenation and nucleophilic addition reactions,the given M-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) electrode could effectively suppress the lithium polysulfides shuttling via chemisorption and C—S covalent bond formation.Besides,the Magnolol-modified Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) significantly accelerates polysulfide redox reaction and reduces the activation energy of Li_(2) S decomposition.As a result,the as-prepared M-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) electrode displays an excellent rate capability and a high reversible capacity of 7.68 mAh cm^(-2)even under 7.2 mg cm^(-2)S-loaded with a low decay rate of 0.07%(from 2 nd cycle).This flexible surface-modified strategy for MXene terminations is expected to be extended to other diverse MXene applications.

Improving Cyclic Stability and Rate Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries Using La^(3+)Modified LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)Cathode Materials

La_(4)NiLiO_(8)-coated NCM622 samples were prepared through a sol-gel method,and the electrochemical performance as cathode materials was investigated.It is revealed that part of the introduced La^(3+)ions produce a coating layer on the surface of NCM622 particles,while the rest occupy the 3b position of the lattice.The optimized sample exhibits a capacity retention of 96.54%after 100 cycles under 1C rate with a discharge specific capacity of 117.54 mAh·g^(-1)under 5C rate,much higher than those of the unmodified sample.The results show that the addition of La^(3+)ion can greatly improve the cyclic stability and the rate performance of NCM622.

CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体的电离特性试验研究

为评估CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能,研究了其在电场中的电离特性。通过稳态汤逊实验(SST)测量获得了CF3SO2F摩尔分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、100%的CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体的有效电离系数和临界约化场强,研究了混合比例、约化场强和电极距离对其电离特性的影响,并比较了CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体相对于SF6的绝缘强度。结果表明:CF_(3)SO_(2)F摩尔分数为10%时,CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体的电离特性与N_(2)类似;随着CF_(3)SO_(2)F占比增大至20%以上后,CF3SO2F/N2混合气体的电离特性逐步由CF_(3)SO_(2)F主导;CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体相对于SF6的理论绝缘强度随着CF_(3)SO_(2)F摩尔分数的增大而增大,40%CF_(3)SO_(2)F/60%N_(2)混合气体的临界约化场强约为SF_(6)的1.01倍,但其对电场变化的敏感程度不如SF6。研究结果可为CF_(3)SO_(2)F/N_(2)混合气体的绝缘强度评估提供理论基础。

A Novel Nucleophilic Substitution of 3-Halo-6-phenoxypyridazines

A novel nucleophilic substitution of pyridazines is found, in which phenoxy group is dislodged rather than the halogen atom, on treating 3-halo-6-phenoxypyridazines with alkoxy anion. The reactivity of substituents on benzene ring and the halogen atom of pyridazines are studied. Reasonable explanation based on the quantum chemical calculations are given.

Influence of Er^(3+) Substitution on Microwave Magnetic Performance of BaFe_(12)O_(19)

Barium hexaferrites doped with Er3+, Ba1-xErxFe12O19, x=0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, were prepared by the conventional ceramic technology. The structure and electromagnetic properties of the calcined samples were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and network analyzer (Agilent 8722ET). All the XRD patterns showed the single phase of the magnetoplumbite barium ferrite without other intermediate phase when x is below 0.02. The lattice parameters of ferrites doped with Er3+ decreased, indicating that the substitution of Er3+ occurs on Ba2+ basis site and results in a contract of the crystal cell. The microwave electromagnetic properties of the samples have been studied at the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. It was shown that ε′ increased slightly, and the maximum of ε″ appeared at low frequency position with Er3+ doping. μ″ and μ′ were improved significantly when x=0.01, and the maxima are 2 and 1.7, respectively. The reasons were also discussed using electromagnetic theory.

Effect of erbium substitution on thermoelectric properties of complex oxide Ca_3Co_2O_6 at high temperatures

Polycrystalline particles of Ca3-xErxCo2O6 （x=0.0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6） were synthesized using sol-gel method combined with Low Temperature Sintering procedure （LTS） to evaluate the effect of Er substitution on the thermoelectric properties of Ca3Co2O6. The crystal structure and microstructure were investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the complex oxides were measured from 300 to 1073 K. The results showed that all the sampies were p-type semiconductors. The electrical conductivity increased with the increase in temperature. Er substitutions at Ca site affected carrier concentrations and carder mobility, resulting an increase in Seebeck coefficient and decrease in electrical conductivity. The power factor of Ca2.85Er0.15Co2O6 reached 10.66 μw/mK^2 at 1073 K.

F/O阴离子取代调控ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)近红外发光

采用高温固相法制备了一系列ZnGa_(2)O_(4):xCr^(3+),yMgF_(2)荧光粉,并研究其物相结构和发光性能。结果表明,MgF_(2)掺杂起主导作用的是F离子,F/O阴离子取代形成局域环境不同的[CrO_(6)]和[Cr(O,F)_(6)]发光中心,使ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)发光谱显著宽化。进而通过增加Cr^(3+)浓度使发射谱不断红移,实现了峰值波长689~900nm波段可调发光;稳/瞬态光谱学分析表明谱峰大幅红移来自于不同Cr^(3+)发光中心间的能量传递。优化样品ZnGa_(2)O_(4):0.1Cr^(3+),0.2MgF_(2)(ZMGOF∶0.1Cr^(3+))表现出较好的综合性能,蓝光激发下宽带近红外发射覆盖700~1200nm波段,峰值波长885nm、半高宽215nm;且具有较为优异的发光效率和热稳定性,内、外量子效率分别为92.3%和48.1%,100℃强度保持率约89.6%。采用ZMGOF:0.1Cr^(3+)荧光粉封装制成的LED器件在100mA电流驱动下近红外光输出功率约34.5mW,能量转换效率约12.3%。

Ductilization of Ni_3Al by Alloying with Substitutional Elements

This paper reviews recent research on ductility improvement of B-undoped Ni_3Al alloys.Ni_3Al binary alloys with hypostoichiometric compositions show appreciable ductility at room temperature when the samples are prepared by recrystallization annealing after cold pressing,although the alloys with stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric compositions remain brittle.Melt-spun ribbons with hypostoichiometric compositions contain fine anti-phase domains (APDs),while no APD can be seen in melt-spun ribbons with a hyperstoichiometric composition.The ductility in hypostoichiometric Ni_3Al alloys is associated with low ordering energy of the alloys.The addition of ternary elements,which have been classified as γ formers such as Pd,Pt,Cu,Co and Ag.improves ductility of Ni_3Al alloys.Correspondingly,the microstructure of the melt-spun ribbons consists of fine APDs.The addition of γ' formers such as Si,Ti,Zr,V,Nb and Ta leads to brittle intergranular frac- ture.No APD was observed in the melt-spun ribbons of these ternary alloys.

In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the mechanism of titanium substitution in P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2): Cathode materials for sodium batteries

Layered P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_2 is a promising cathode material. It exhibits a high capacity and suitable operating voltage and undergoes a phase transition from P2 to O2 during charge/discharge.Researchers have used Ti substitution to improve the cathode, yet the chemical principles that underpin elemental substitution and functional improvement remain unclear. To clarify these principles, we used in situ Raman spectroscopy to monitor chemical changes in P2–Na2/3 Ni1/3 Mn1/3 Ti1/3 O2 and P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_2 during charge/discharge. Based on the change in the A_(1g) and E_g peaks during charge/discharge, we concluded that Ti substitution compressed the transition metal layer and expanded the planar oxygen layer in the unit cell. Titanium stabilized the P2 phase structure, which improved the cycling stability of P2–NaNMT. Our results provide clear theoretical support for future research on modifying electrodes by elemental substitution.

Influence of CaxSr1-x(0≤x≤1)Substitution for Zn on Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li2ZnTi3O8 Ceramic as Temperature Stable Materials

A temperature stable Li2Zn0.95(SrxCa1-x)0.05Ti3O8(0≤x≤1)ceramics were fabricated using a conventional solid-state route sintered at 1100℃for 4 h.The XRD results indicate that the main phase Li2ZnTi3O8 and secondary phase including SrxCa1-xTiO3(0≤x≤1)solid solution and TiO2 co-exist in composite and form a stable composite system when the(CaxSr1-x)(0≤x≤1)substitutes for Zn of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic.As x is increased from 0 to 1,the relative permittivity(εr)increases from 26.65 to 27.12,and the quality factor(Q×f)increases from 63300 to 66600 GHz.With the increased of x,the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τf)increases from 0.27 to 8.23 ppm/℃,and then decreases to 3.51 ppm/℃.On the whole,the Li2Zn0.95(SrxCa1-x)0.05Ti3O8(0≤x≤1)ceramics show excellent comprehensive properties of middleεr=25-27,higher Q×f≥60000 GHz andτf≤±8.5 ppm/℃.

Effect of B and Fe substitution on structure of AB_3-type Co-free hydrogen storage alloy

A series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method,within which Ni of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy was substituted by Fe,B and(FeB) alloy,respectively.Alloys were characterized by XRD,EDS and SEM to investigate the effects of B and Fe substitution for Ni on material structure.The content of LaMg2Ni9 phase within La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 37.9% and that of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloys reduces to 23.58%.Among all samples,ground particles with different shapes correspond to different phases.The major substitution occurs in LaMg2Ni9 phase.Electrochemical tests indicate that substituted alloys have different electrochemical performance,which is affected by phase structures of alloy.The discharge capacity of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 337.3 mA·h/g,but La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloy gets better high rate discharge(HRD) performance at the discharge rate of 500 mA/g with a high HRD value of 73.19%.

植物补光用In^(3+)掺杂Zn_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶Cr^(3+)远红光发光材料的性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了Cr^(3+)掺杂的远红光荧光粉,并通过引入In^(3+)对Zn_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶Cr^(3+)发光特性进行了调控。通过XRD对Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)(摩尔分数)的晶体结构进行了分析。利用室温荧光光谱和热释光光谱分析了Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)的发光特性,其发射光谱由^(4)T_(2)(^(4)F)→^(4)A_(2)和^(2)E→^(4)A_(2)跃迁的705、721 nm两发光峰叠加而成。随着Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)中In^(3+)掺杂浓度增加,材料发射光谱呈现展宽的现象,这是Cr^(3+)所处晶体场环境的改变导致了晶体场劈裂程度的变化。光谱展宽后荧光材料的发光特性与植物中光敏色素吸收谱更加匹配,因此其有望应用于植物照明领域。此外,随着In^(3+)掺杂浓度增加,荧光材料表现出红色长余辉现象,并且余辉时间与In^(3+)掺杂浓度有关。