Technical Demand of Commercial Paddy Farmers in the Context of Labor Transfer

On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factor.Then,we put forward relevant hypotheses.From survey results of 241 farmer households in 4 southwestern provinces(regions),by the binary logistic regression analysis method,we empirically studied influences of the above four factors on technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.Results show that commercial paddy farmers like simple and high yield cultivation technique best,while individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factors are major factors influencing different agricultural technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.

Labor Transfer:A Catalyst or Anticatalyst for Poverty Alleviation?--A study based on a survey of 237 rural households in Yi communities in Liangshan

This paper takes income and“two no worries and three guarantees”(rural poor people have no worry about food and clothing and have access to compulsory education,basic medical services,and safe housing)as two essential indexes,and is based on data collected from a survey of 237 rural households living below the poverty level in Yi communities in Liangshan.Through case studies and positive analysis,we explored the impact of labor transfer on poverty alleviation.We found that the following factors contribute to a double paradox of labor service-enabled poverty alleviation:An income growth trend which prioritizes“external income”(from urban work)over“internal income”(from an agricultural business),restrictions by performance indexes,as well as a lack of public services in rural areas.Although labor transfer can help rural households increase household income and non-agricultural income and reduce poverty within a short period of time,it can hardly promote agricultural businesses through non-agricultural employment and thereby help poverty-stricken rural households permanently alleviate poverty.Although labor transfer can exacerbate various issues facing poverty-stricken households(such as a delay in housing construction,school drop-out rates and health risks for the elderly),it can also play a positive role in raising the profile of farmers and improving rural education and living environments.Based on this study,we propose continuing the supply-side reform in the labor market,implementing differentiated poverty alleviation policies,improving the existing mechanism for poverty alleviation assessment,establishing rural public services,and launching a corresponding multi-channel financing mechanism.

Economic Effect of Rural Labor Transfer in China

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization,more and more rural labor force is gradually transferred to cities and non-agricultural industries.Although the transfer of rural labor force can increase farmers’income,improve farmers’quality of life,and accelerate the process of urbanization and agricultural modernization in China,the unreasonable transfer of rural labor force has also brought some problems to China’s agricultural development.This paper mainly through the method of combining theoretical derivation and empirical analysis,using the data from 2010 to 2015 to analyze,study the influence of rural labor transfer on agricultural production,explore the relationship between rural labor transfer and agricultural development and provide relevant policy suggestions.

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

The New Changes in Rural Labor Transfer Mode under New Urbanization: Based on the Survey of 10 Villages in Guizhou Province

With the full-speed development of economy,the new urbanization has been accelerated in Guizhou Province in order to make the people reach a well-off standard of living by 2020. From the whole society,the key point is the development of the rural economy,and the development of the rural economy depends on the economic development of rural households. The income from rural labor force transfer has become the main income source and accounts for more than half of rural household income,which will play a major role in survival and development of rural households.

Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Surplus Labor Transfer in Poverty-stricken Areas: A Case Study of Yimatu Town in Fuxin City

From the microscopic point of view,taking the surplus labor transfer in the Yimatu Town area as study object,we conduct survey of characteristics and transfer of rural surplus labor in Yimatu Town,through questionnaires and field interviews.Then we analyze the main factors influencing surplus labor transfer in rural areas from the personal characteristics of labor forces and family factor of labor forces.The results show that gender,age,educational level,farmland management days and other factors pertaining to the labor forces all affect the transfer of surplus labor, but the size and extent of the impact vary.In accordance with various influencing factors,we put forward recommendations for promoting the effective transfer of surplus labor in rural areas as follows:first,paying equal attention to macroscopic factors and microscopic factors influencing the transfer of surplus labor;second,focusing on the factors concerning the rural households and individual farmers,to find out the factors influencing the rational transfer;third,shifting the employment concept of surplus labor in rural areas;fourth,speeding up the construction of small towns and developing the secondary and tertiary industries.

Model Equilibrium and Empirical Study of Rural Labor Transfer

We establish the two-sector economy model including the urban sector and the rural sector, derive the labor demand curve of the urban sector and rural sector under the condition of balanced production decisions with benefit maximization, and analyze the labor flow when in the short-term or long-term two-sector economic equilibrium. The results show that rising wages caused by short-term internal and external impact increases the pressure on the employment in two sectors, and the urban sector is difficult to absorb the surplus labor of the rural sector. However, under the conditions of free flow of factors and fully competitive market, the wage variation arising from the long-term endogenous evolution, leads to inversely proportional relationship between the demand for labor in the urban and rural sectors, which is conducive to the transfer of rural labor force. Based on microeconomic survey data of labor flow in urban-rural coordination experimental zones in Chongqing City, this paper makes an empirical study of the main factors having a short-term impact on the labor transfer, and the results show that education level and the opportunity to participate in the training are important factors.

Sense of Happiness of Left-behind Elderly People in the Context of Rural Labor Transfer——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

Through questionnaires and interviews,this paper surveyed and studied the sense of happiness of 187 left-behind elderly people in Guizhou. The results show that in the context of the rural labor transfer,the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people is generally low.There are many influencing factors and complex causes. Through analysis,it is found that transfer of family labor has a great impact on the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for raising the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

Approaches and countermeasures of the transfer of rural surplus labors in China

The transfer of rural surplus labors concerns the development of agriculture and the national economy in China. On the pivotal period of transforming economy and society, whether the transfer can be accomplished successfully will play an important role in the social stabilization and the sustainable development of economy. In this paper, the authors bring out the characteristics and the main impediment of transfer. At the same time, countermeasures which are more effective have been put forward.

A Study on the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor in Nyingchi City

This paper studies the surplus labor transfer in Nyingchi City,obtains the first-hand information of the surplus labor transfer through the typical survey,and analyzes the current situation and characteristics of surplus labor transfer. From " transfer channel", " transfer industry" and " transfer space",this paper analyzes the factors affecting the transfer of local surplus farming and animal husbandry labor,discusses the obstacles to surplus farming and animal husbandry labor in Nyingchi City,and finally makes some recommendations for the transfer of rural surplus labor in Nyingchi City.

Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer:A case study of Sichuan Province,China

The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable(Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers(Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers(On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older(Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rentedout. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers(Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer.

老年照料对农村劳动力转移空间距离影响研究

基于劳动力流动理论,以家庭成员整体利益最大化为前提假设,运用有序probit模型,采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,考量老年照料对农村劳动力转移空间距离的影响。结果显示:老年照料对县乡村内短距离转移有促进效应,对县外市内、市外省内、省外转移有牵制效应且距离越远牵制效应越明显。异质性研究表明,老年照料对男性劳动力转移兼具促进效应与牵制效应,已婚女性因偏好于近距离转移影响不明显;“夹心层”家庭子女牵制效应显著。鉴于此,应凝聚“依亲而居”社会合力,挖掘本地非农就业潜力,构建老年照料服务多元供给体系,缓解老年照料压力。

普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响——基于农村劳动力转移机制

缩小城乡收入差距是实现社会主义现代化必须实现的目标,而普惠保险作为影响城乡收入差距的重要因素,讨论其如何缩小城乡差距是一个值得研究的命题。构建理论分析框架,系统分析普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响机制,利用省级面板数据与中介效应模型,实证分析普惠保险对城乡收入差距的作用机制及影响效果。研究表明:普惠保险在缩小城乡收入差距的过程中存在农村劳动力转移的中介效应;普惠保险缩小城乡收入差距的效果会因农村劳动力转移的水平不同表现出明显差异。进一步扩展研究发现,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响效果具有农业地位异质性和农村劳动力转移水平异质性。在农业大省,普惠保险能够缩小城乡收入差距,但在非农业大省,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的作用效果不显著。在农村劳动力转移水平低的地区,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的系数绝对值更大,即普惠保险对缩小城乡收入差距的效果更明显。

社会保障参与有助于农村土地流转吗?——基于劳动力转移的中介效应

随着我国城乡社会保障制度逐步完善,农民对土地的依赖得到缓解,农村劳动力非农就业比例提高,农村土地流转供给不断增加。基于中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建了双重固定效应模型,旨在考察社会保障参与对农村土地流转的影响,同时分析了劳动力转移的中介效应。研究结果表明:参与新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出具有显著影响;参与新型农村合作医疗保险对于农村土地转出的影响并不显著,但是显著抑制农村土地转入;劳动力转移在新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出的影响中发挥着中介作用,在新型农村合作医疗对农村土地流转影响中发挥的中介效应不明显。

劳动力转移、农业机械权属与农户生产效率

基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,使用随机前沿分析法测算农户生产效率,运用Tobit模型检验家庭劳动力转移对农户生产效率的影响,并进一步分析农业机械权属在两者之间的调节作用。研究发现:家庭劳动力转移对农户生产效率的制约作用显著,使用农业机械会显著提高农户生产效率,但农业机械自有比农业机械租借在缓解劳动力转移对农户生产效率不利方面更具积极作用。因此,政府应引导农民购置使用先进适用的农业机械,创新补贴资金使用与管理方式,提升农民购机用机能力。

乡村振兴背景下农村脱贫家庭转出劳动力返乡意愿及影响因素

利用2021年课题组在贵州省关岭县调查的1 518份样本数据,基于二元Logistic概率函数,从劳动力个体、家庭、转移就业、所在村庄特征等方面分析农村脱贫家庭转出劳动力返乡意愿特征及影响因素,对巩固脱贫和实施乡村振兴战略具有重要的现实意义.研究发现,脱贫家庭转出劳动力返乡意愿较为强烈,男性、年龄偏大、受教育程度低的转出劳动力更愿意返乡;家庭务工人数对劳动力返乡有负向影响,随迁子女在城市中入学成本较高,更愿意送回当地农村地区就读,转出劳动力因抚养负担加重而选择返乡;省内和省外长距离转移的劳动力,对家中住房、耕地维护不足,逐渐适应城市工作生活方式,返回农村的意愿较弱;村庄交通区位条件越便捷,更容易享受教育、医疗等公共服务设施,转出劳动力更倾向于返乡.同时,耕地资源较好、基础设施完善、拥有特色旅游资源的村庄,具有更好的乡村振兴基础条件,对劳动力返乡具有更强的吸引力.