Rural Migrant Workers' Welfare and Labor Protection in China under the Labor Contract Law

This paper employs difference-in-differences(DID) approach to evaluate the effects of China's Labor Contract Law's implementation on rural migrant workers' welfare.Our findings suggest that the Labor Contract Law has reduced rural migrant workers' working hours by 23%, and increased their social insurance coverage by 10% to 26%. This conclusion holds true after removal of sample selection bias and policy expectation factor.Further analysis reveals that Labor Contract Law's welfare improvement effect was more significant for migrant workers in regions where workers had poor bargaining power. Other economic factors during the same period of time did not affect the law's labor protection effect. Our findings give a clear answer to controversies over whether the Labor Contract Law can improve labor rights for underprivileged groups, and are of reference value for developing labor protection systems.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Labor Contract Law,Warm or Cold for Migrant Worker?

The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.

劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。

General report on the status of Chinese rural migrant workers and their development trends

This paper reviews the development of the rural migrant worker issue in China since reform and opening-up began. Firstly,utilizing substantial investigation,the authors analyze the new characteristics of Chinese rural migrant workers;Secondly,authors analyze the migrant workers’ contributions to reshaping the rural landscape and to driving China’s economic development and social structural change;Finally,using a quantitative analysis model,they examine the long-term trends of rural migrant workers and their interactions with macroeconomic and social development.

Backflow of Migrant Workers in Urbanization: Place Selection and Influencing Factors

Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng,Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors were discussed. The study indicated that in backflow migrant workers,43. 16% returned to counties and towns,while 56. 84% returned to rural areas. Place selection was significantly influenced by years of migrant work,training,times of migration,migration distance,age,land area in hometown,and living preference.

Safeguard and Protection of Migrant Workers' Interests from the Perspective of Game Theory

The status quo of the violation of migrant workers' interests is analyzed,the results are not so optimistic.The overall situation of migrant workers' training rights is poor;migrant workers 'rights to enjoy legal holiday are seriously violated;the working conditions and health protection measures are weak;migrant workers' rights to get legal payment are damaged to different degree;the social security mechanism for migrant workers is imperfect and there are still large gap between supply and demand.Combining with the relevant theories of Game theory,migrant workers' interests obtained under the situation of entering right protection organizations and do not entering the organizations are analyzed,the results show that entering right protection organizations is reasonable choice.The positive functions played by the improvement of the reputation of labor union in solving the problems of right protection are proved from the perspective of the Game Theory.Through the analysis on the operational effects of the right protection organizations of migrant workers,it can be detected that the functions of organizations owned by migrant workers themselves is mediocre but the labor union plays an important role in migrant workers' right protection.The protection of migrant workers' interests tends to legalization,so in order to further perfect the right protection of labor union,the labor union should legalize the protection of migrant workers rights.In the end the specific measures on improving the reputation of labor union are put forward.

新就业形态劳动者“过劳”问题治理困境及对策研究

数字技术的快速发展和广泛应用,创造了大量蕴含数字技术赋能的新就业形态,催生了新就业形态劳动者这一特殊群体。由于新就业形态劳动者劳动时间的灵活性与工资薪酬的计件式等特征,引发了该群体的普遍“过劳”问题。劳动者长期“过劳”,不仅损害了劳动者的身心健康,与可持续发展理念相悖,同时折射出我国在劳动法治领域的不足。我国在新就业形态劳动者的“过劳”问题规制上因相关劳动法律法规的缺失、劳动基准的不明、劳动保障与劳动救济的边缘化,导致了对“过劳”问题规制的现实困境。应当从完善与新就业形态劳动者有关的劳动法律法规、构建新就业形态劳动者劳动标准体系、健全新就业形态劳动者权益保障机制等方面入手,切实回应新就业形态劳动者的“过劳”问题。

“低技能排斥”下的劳动力跨地区流动——产出效应与收入分配

在中国劳动力跨地区流动过程中,地方政府针对不同技能的劳动力制定了差异化的就业政策,不少地区基于缓解公共服务供需矛盾等方面的考虑,对低技能劳动力采取了排斥的态度。本文在量化空间一般均衡模型框架下刻画了高、低技能劳动力差异化的流动特征,使用2005年、2015年全国人口抽样调查微观数据,定量分析了“低技能排斥”下劳动力跨地区流动对收入分配的影响及产出效应。研究发现,第一,与高技能劳动力相比,低技能劳动力流动所面临的阻碍更大,使得低技能劳动力跨地区流动成本高于高技能劳动力。第二,“低技能排斥”下的劳动力跨地区流动,一定程度上抑制了高、低技能劳动力之间的技能互补,造成GDP损失。第三,全面破除“低技能排斥”,充分发挥高、低技能劳动力之间的技能互补性,将显著缩小地区之间劳动力的收入差距。因此,打破劳动力跨地区流动中的技能歧视,引导高、低技能劳动力畅通有序流动,优化劳动力配置效率的同时还有助于共同富裕战略目标的实现。

国内外新就业形态劳动者权益保障研究脉络与热点追踪--基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

党的二十大报告强调,“要加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障”。围绕这一主题,借助CiteSpace等文献分析工具,聚焦发文量、文献被引频次、期刊影响因子、核心作者群、关键词聚类等指标,对近年来国内外关于新就业形态劳动者权益保障的主题文献进行计量分析,系统梳理其研究脉络,得出了如下结论和研究展望:近十年来,国内外对新就业形态劳动者权益保障的研究逐步深入,但文献总量较少,核心作者群相对分散,业内学术影响力不高,未来研究方向将集中在新就业形态劳动者新型雇佣关系认定和劳动权益保障两个方面,并致力于在工会职能创新、立法创新、社会保险政策实践创新3个方面作出实质性突破。

从劳资对立到相互成就:对抗性劳动法制的反思和变革

西方资本主义国家的劳动法制以“劳资对立”为基础和逻辑,背景是大机器生产时代阶级对立的雇佣关系和中重度体力劳动,我国现行劳动法制在一定程度上受其影响。社会主义不存在劳动者和企业之间关系的根本性矛盾,而且公有制在我国占主导地位,劳动者远超“劳工”范围;普遍的脑力劳动和轻微体力劳动,高度市场化和科技进步条件下的灵活生产、工作,冲击着僵化的劳动法制;随着社会进步,越来越多的人出于兴趣志向和事业追求而工作;中国共产党的领导,确保中国不存在也不允许出现既得“利益集团”。故应当在此新的历史条件和国情基础上,构建一种劳动者和企业相互成就的和谐劳动关系与包容、柔性的社会主义劳动法制,一体适用于各种经营性的雇佣及劳动合作,劳动事故和失业等风险概由社会保险暨社会承担以解决个别企业经营及市场竞争的后顾之忧。

劳动偏向型再分配与经济高质量发展:作用机理与实证检验

经济高质量发展需要高素质劳动者,劳动偏向型再分配是普遍提高劳动力再生产质量、持续提高劳动者素质的重要手段,是促进经济高质量发展的重要路径。利用2007—2021年中国31个省份面板数据,实证检验了劳动偏向型再分配对经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现:劳动偏向型再分配显著促进了经济高质量发展;劳动偏向型再分配通过扩大内需、促进人力资本积累、推动科技创新等机制促进了经济高质量发展;劳动偏向型再分配并未阻碍资本积累,反而促进了资本积累;财政可持续性有助于强化劳动偏向型再分配对经济高质量发展的正向促进作用。

机器人应用与农民工劳动供给

从劳动供给视角出发,基于国际机器人联盟(IFR)数据和中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,实证考察机器人应用对农民工劳动参与和劳动时间的影响及作用机制。研究发现:工业机器人的应用并没有产生严重挤占农民工劳动供给的现象。机器人应用水平提升会显著增加农民工的劳动参与,同时显著降低农民工劳动供给时间。采用工具变量法解决潜在内生性问题,并通过稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。机制检验表明,机器人的广泛应用主要通过推动产业结构优化升级、提高劳动生产率、提升工资率影响农民工的劳动供给。异质性分析显示,机器人应用对农民工劳动供给的影响存在地区、代际、性别、流动时间和技能水平差异。同时,基于就业身份和职业类型的不同,进一步考察了农民工劳动供给的结构性差异。

劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神融入高职院校思政教育的路径研究

劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神是民族精神和时代精神的生动体现,是激励人们攻坚克难、干事创业的强大精神动力。在深刻理解“三种精神”科学内涵及其逻辑关系的基础上,该文分析得出“三种精神”与高职院校思想政治教育在培养目标上具有一致性、在教育内容上具有相融性、在教育方式上具有互补性,并创新提出“课程重构、文化浸润、实践育人、数字赋能”的四维融入路径,从而实现“三种精神”对高职学生的文化熏陶和价值引导功能。

以产业工人队伍建设改革推动发展新质生产力:驱动机理、现实约束与实践路径

加快发展新质生产力,需要培育和打造一支新型劳动者队伍。产业工人队伍建设改革作为全面深化改革的重要内容,既是一个以培养一大批高素质技术技能人才、大国工匠为核心的建设和发展命题,通过打造新型劳动者队伍培育形成新质生产力;同时又是一个基于经济和社会系统工程的改革命题,需要通过进一步深化改革,解决我国产业工人整体素质不高、收入水平低、待遇保障差、技能形成不完善、职业发展通道不畅等突出矛盾和问题,塑造与发展新质生产力相适应的生产关系。在实践中,应通过提升产业工人数字素养与技能、激发产业工人创新动力、提高产业工人收入水平、发挥国有企业示范引领作用等方式,为发展新质生产力提供支撑和保障。

劳动模范:劳动荣誉符号的生产、建构与功能审视——来自深圳公交系统的案例分析

劳模作为“榜样的力量”具有劳动和道德的示范作用,劳动榜样的树立对于促进经济社会发展至关重要。现有关于劳模的研究具有一定局限性,忽视了作为“过程”的“劳模”。政策、组织、媒体和个体不仅是“劳模”生产逻辑链中的主要参与者和推动者,也是“劳模”这一符号资本的主要建构者。“劳模”的生产是结构和行动者二重化的结果。“劳模”的建构涵盖了符号资本获取、厚植、强化和延拓的四个环节。“劳模”的生产和建构最终目的都是使“劳模”在社会、行业和工作单位中的正向功能得以最大化释放。

劳动权益保障、政府信任与高龄农民工的城市融合

基于调研数据,本文考察了劳动权益保障对高龄农民工城市融合的影响机制。实证结果显示,工资拖欠、工伤纠纷、劳动合同纠纷等劳动权益受损事件均会显著影响高龄农民工城市融合程度。对劳动权益纠纷解决过程的进一步考察发现:第一,劳动权益受损事件发生后,当高龄农民工对维权过程解决较为满意时,其城市融合程度显著高于没有发生过劳动权益纠纷者;第二,政府部门主导解决劳动权益纠纷对高龄农民工城市融合具有一定的“放大效应”。当高龄农民工对维权解决过程满意时,解决过程中的政府干预会显著提高其城市融合程度;当其对维权解决过程不满意时,解决过程中的政府干预反而使其城市融合程度下降的幅度更大。因此,本文认为应健全源头预防,杜绝劳动权益纠纷事件发生;建立农民工劳动权益保护协调机制;强化政府责任意识,属地监管、多部门协同,发挥政府在高龄农民工劳动权益保障工作中的积极作用。

“三种精神”融入高职院校思政课教学研究与实践

劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神是中华民族强大的精神支撑,将“三种精神”融入高职院校思政课,既是落实立德树人根本任务、推动思政课改革创新的需要,也是大学生提升劳动素质和投身中华民族伟大复兴进程的需要。应充分把握劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神融入高职院校思政课的逻辑理路,以知识体系为引领,实现精准融入;以实践教学为依托,实现高效融入;以综合素材为手段,实现鲜活融入;以评价机制为依据,增强效果融入,促进高职院校培养出德才兼备、德技双馨的能工巧匠,为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦汇聚磅礴伟力。

AIGC、技术异化与劳动者就业焦虑——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角的分析

以ChatGPT为代表的AIGC技术在全世界范围内引起广泛关注。“人工智能的发展带来失业威胁”的劳动者就业焦虑情绪也随着AIGC技术的发明和运用而快速传播。本文从数字生产劳动与AIGC迂回生产链之间的关系切入,指出AIGC迂回生产链中的数据、算法、算力和AIGC技术服务等数字生产资料都是数字劳动者的劳动产物。AIGC技术在转化为现实生产力过程中出现技术异化,这是导致劳动者产生就业焦虑的根源。AIGC技术异化下劳动者就业焦虑要变成现实,需满足数字生产资料私有制的所有制条件、技术服务资本积累的再生产条件和平台资本垄断扩张的市场结构条件。要避免AIGC技术异化下劳动者就业焦虑变成现实,需要在创新数字生产资料公有制实现形式、构建技术进步服务人的自由而全面发展的扩大再生产模式和建立AIGC领域共享性财富积累机制等方面进行经济制度建设的探索。

劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神融合培育路径探索

劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神是我国人民在长期的劳动实践中培育形成的优良精神,是爱国主义精神、奋斗精神、创新精神的生动体现。涉农高职院校承担着农业人才培养、农业应用技术研究与服务“三农”等重任,强化劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神融合培育对农业类高职院校尤为重要。针对涉农高职院校学生特点,结合苏州农业职业技术学院的办学特色以及涉农专业人才培养目标和需求,提出了将劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神融合培育的现实意义与有效路径,为涉农院校培养农业战线上德智体美劳全面发展的学生、提升学生的职业素养与职业能力提供借鉴。