Effect of dietary supplement of inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M 17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and intestinal microbiota in Penaeus vannamei

Our previous study found that feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 could effectively affect the growth performance,immune response,and gut microbiota of Penaeus vannamei.However,high temperature and pressure during feed pelletizing is the main problem that can lead to a decrease in the activity of probiotics or cause their inactivation.Further investigation needs to investigate whether inactivated Ep-M17 can exert similar effects as live Ep-M17.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and gut microbiota in P.vannamei.Results show that adding inactivated Ep-M17 to the feed also promoted body weight gain and increased relative immune protection in shrimp.Also,histological examination revealed that the administration of inactivated Ep-M17 led to improvements in the density and distribution of microvilli in the intestines and enhancements in the abundance of B and R cells in the hepatopancreas.Additionally,the inactivated Ep-M17 supplementation resulted in increased activity levels of nutrient immune-related enzymes in both the shrimp hepatopancreas and intestines.Moreover,it stimulated the expression of Lvlec,PEN-3a,Crustin,LGBP,Lysozyme,and proPo genes in both the hepatopancreas and intestines.Furthermore,the inactivated Ep-M17 also increased bacterial diversity in the gut of shrimp and promoted the abundance of specific flora,facilitating the host organism’s metabolism and immunity to improve the disease resistance of shrimp.Therefore,supplementation of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 in shrimp diets can exert similar effects as live L.plantarum Ep-M17 effectively improving growth performance,gut microbiota,immune response,and disease resistance in P.vannamei.

Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 improves stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in rats by targeting gut microbiota and Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway

Probiotics have great potential in regulating intestinal pain.In this study,the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 on the visceral sensitivity and gut microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)rats were studied.The results showed that tryptase released after mast cell activation and degranulation plays a key role in visceral pain,and L.plantarum AR495 reduced the stimulation of colonic mast cells and the expression of protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2)and TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglia.Research further showed that supplementation with L.plantarum AR495 increased the level of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and enhanced the barrier function of the colon.In addition,the microbiota analysis of the colon indicated that L.plantarum AR495 promoted the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and inhibited the proliferation of Lachnospiraceae,which alleviated the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota caused by IBS to a certain extent.In total,L.plantarum AR495 might reduce visceral sensitivity through the Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway by maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier.

Impact of Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum Postbiotics on the Performance of Layer Hens under Heat Stress Conditions

This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. Heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control and the probiotic fed group (94.8% vs 92.6% vs 93.1%, respectively). Birds under probiotic or postbiotic diet showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and egg weight, although the probiotic had a more pronounced and gradual effect. Specific gravity, yolk weight percentage and shell thickness didn’t show differences among dietary groups. The Haugh Unit was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in probiotic group which also showed a significantly lower yolk color index (p < 0.05). The different feed treatments did not impact the bird’s viscera weight percentage, except for the ileum that was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under postbiotic supplementation. Both probiotics and postbiotics could be used as a potential growth promoters and might alleviate heat stress impact in poultry industry.

Lactobacillus plantarum A3 attenuates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and metabolism

Antibiotics are widely used to treat various diseases.However,growing evidence indicates that antibiotic therapy in human life increases the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Therefore,we need appropriate methods to reduce the incidence or symptoms of IBD.In this study,we used lincomycin hydrochloride to construct a gut micro-bial dysbiosis model in mice,and then,constructed an ulcerative colitis(UC)model.Meanwhile,we used Lactobacillus plantarum A3 from equine to treat UC in mice with gut microbial dysbiosis.The results showed that lincomycin hydro-chloride had little effect on the small gut microbiota in mice,but had a more destructive effect on the large intestin.Lactobaillus plantarum A3 alleviated the symptoms of UC in mice,which was reflected in its significantly reduced spleen index and disease activity index(DAl)(p<0.05),inhibited the shortening of colon and alleviated the invasion of inflammatory cells in the colon.Moreover,we found that it played a mitigatory role by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating inflammatory cytokines in mice.At the same time,it restored the diversity and composition of the colonic microbiota and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia and Akkermansia(p<0.05);Notably,it significantly increased the concentrations of arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate(AEA-P)and cortisone(p<0.05)which have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.In conclusion,our study found that Lactobacillus plan-tarum A3 has the potential to regulate UC in mice with gut microbial dysbiosis.

Potential of Zimbabwean commercial probiotic products and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum as prophylaxis and therapy against diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli in children

Objective: To evaluate the potential of commercial fermented products sold in the country,and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum(L,plantarum)as prophylaxis and therapy against diarrhoea in children,Methods: The antimicrobial potential of cultures of lactobacilli enriched from 4 Zimbabwean commercial food/beverage products: Dairibord Lacto sour milk(DLSM),Probrand sour milk(PSM),Kefalos Vuka cheese(KVC) and Chibuku opaque beer(COB); and four strains of L,plantarum obtained from Balkan traditional cheeses against clinical strains of Escherichia coli(E,coli) was assayed using the well diffusion method,Three commercial paediatric antidiarrhoeal drug products: Biogaia(BG),Prolife(PL) and Probio Junior(PJ) and a mutant strain of E,coli [strain 11105(ATCC)- a vitamin B-12 auxotroph and penicillin G acylase-producing strain] were used as controls,An agar diffusion assay and a competitive exclusion assay were carried out on Mueller Hinton agar,Results: Crude cultures of putative lactobacillus strains obtained from Zimbabwean dairy products(Probrand sour milk,Kefalos Vuka vuka cheese and Chibuku opaque beer) had significantly higher antimicrobial activities against clinical strains of E,coli than strains of L,plantarum isolated from Balkan cheeses(CLP1,CLP2 or CLP3) and crude microbial cultures from commercial paediatric probiotic products(BG,PJ and PL) of a culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG(P<0.05),Conclusions: The putative Lactobacilli from four commercial Zimbabwean dairy products(Probrand sour milk,Kefalos Vuka vuka cheese and Chibuku opaque beer),and three strains of L,plantarum from Balkan cheeses(CLP1,CLP2 or CLP3) exhibited high antibacterial activities that can be harnessed to control paediatric diarrhoea that is caused by pathogenic strains of E,coli,Studies to characterise the probiotic potential of the live cultures in the products and the new strains of L,plantarum are underway.

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 powder consumption on the gut microbiota and intestinal health of overweight adults

BACKGROUND Shifting on lifestyle,diet,and physical activity contributed on increasing number of obese people around the world.Multiple factors influence the development of obesity.Some research suggested that gut microbiota(GM)plays an important role in nutrient absorption and energy regulation of individuals,thus affecting their nutritional status.Report of Indonesia Basic Health Research showed that the prevalence of obesity in every province tended to increase.Although the root cause of obesity is excessive calorie intake compared with expenditure,the differences in gut microbial ecology between healthy and obese humans may affect energy homeostasis.GM affect body weight,especially obesity.Probiotics that are consumed while alive and able to colonize in the intestine are expected to increase the population of good bacteria,especially Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli,and suppress pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus.The strain of L.plantarum Dad-13 has been demonstrated to survive and colonize in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Indonesian adults who consume fermented milk containing L.plantarum Dad-13.The consumption of probiotic L.plantarum Dad-13 powder decreased E.coli and non-E.coli coliform bacteria in school-aged children in Indonesia.L.plantarum is a dominant bacterium in the average Indonesian’s GM.For this reason,this bacterium is probably a more suitable probiotic for Indonesians.AIM To determine the effect of the consumption of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 powder in overweight adults in Yogyakarta(Indonesia).METHODS Sixty overweight volunteers with a body mass index(BMI)equal to or greater than 25 consume indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13(2×109 CFU/gram/sachet)for 90 d.The study was a randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled study.The volunteers filled in a diary on a daily basis,which consisted of questions on study product intake(only during ingestion period),other food intake,number of bowel movements,fecal quality(consistency and color),any medications received,and any symptom of discomfort,such as diarrhea,constipation,vomiting,gassing,sensation of illness,etc.Fecal samples and the subjects’diaries were collected on the morning of day 10+1,which was marked as the end of the baseline period and the start of the ingestion period.During the ingestion period(from day 11 to day 101),several parameters to measure and analyze the results included body weight and height(once a month),the lipid profile,GM analysis using MiSeq,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)analysis using gas chromatography,and the measurement of fecal pH using a pH meter.RESULTS The consumption of indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the average body weight and BMI of the probiotic group to decrease from 84.54±17.64 kg to 83.14±14.71 kg and 33.10±6.15 kg/m2 to 32.57±5.01 kg/m2,respectively.No significant reduction of body weight and BMI in the placebo group was observed.An analysis of the microbiota showed that the number of Bacteroidetes,specifically Prevotella,increased significantly,while that of Firmicutes significantly decreased.No significant change in lipid profile in both groups was found.Also,no significant change in SCFAs(e.g.,butyrate,propionate,acetic acid)and pH level was found after the consumption of the probiotic.CONCLUSION No significant differences in pH before and after ingestion were observed in both the probiotic and placebo groups as well as in the lipid profile of both cholesterol and triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and the LDL/HDL ratio.In addition,no significant changes in the concentration of SCFAs(e.g.,acetic acid,propionate,and butyrate)were found after consumption.Interestingly,a significant decrease in body weight and BMI(P<0.05)was determined in the treatment group.An analysis of GM shows that L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the Firmicutes population to decrease and the Bacteroidetes population(especially Prevotella)to increase.

Evaluation of probiotic yoghurt by the mixed culture with Lactobacillus plantarum A3

Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation is the simplest and safest way of food preservation,and the use of probiotics in yoghurt could provide dairy products with unique flavors,textures and health benefits.In this study,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Streptococcus thermophilus,L.reuteri DSMZ 8533 and the potential probiotic strain L.plantarum A3 were used for the milk fermentation.Results found the texture properties such as hardness,consistency,and viscosity of the yoghurt were enhanced in the mixed culture condition.Furthermore,components like amino acid(leucine),vanilla(vanillin),C;(unsaturated fatty acids)were also accumulated in L.plantarum A3 fermented yoghut,which leads to the significant sensory profiling difference compared with the former plain yoghurt.All these results proved L.plantarum A3 is a potential probiotic stom winch could enhance the sensory and nutrition profiling of the fermented milk.Future work still needs to be done on the synergistic interaction between the traditional strains and the probiotics during the fermentation process.

Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 Alleviates Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Prevents Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis:A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled,Pilot Clinical Trial

Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)is chronic intestinal dysfunction with diarrhea and othercomplicated clinical symptoms,and it has a great impact on the daily life and mental state of patients.Some studies have reported that ingestion of probiotics can significantly alleviate a variety of intestinaldiseases.The pupose of this study was to investigate the IBS-D-alleviating effects of a probiotic strain,lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)CCFM8610,with multiple health-promoting effects.The studywas a 12-week,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,pilot clinical trial.Seventy-five patientswere randomly assigned to receive the placebo,oligosaccharides,or L.plantarum CCFM8610(1×10^(10) colony-forming units(CFU)per day),with a 2-week run-in period,an 8-week intervention period,anda 2-week follow-up observation period.The patients'clinical symptoms and quality of life were exam-ined by the IBS symptom severity scale(IBS-SsS)and the IlBS quality of life scale(IBS-QOL).Changes ingut microbiota composition and diversity were measured at the end of the intervention period.The oraladministration of L.plantarum CCFM8610 significantly decreased the IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL scores,reduced IBS-D symptom severity,recovered gut microbiota diversity,decreased the relative abundanceof bloating-related genus Methanobrevibacter,and increased the relative abundance of butyric acid-producing genera,including Anaerostipes,Anaerotruncus,Bifidobacterium,Butyricimonas,andOdoribacter.These findings suggest that ingestion of L.plantarum CCFM8610 can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms and gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBS-D patients.The IBS-D-alleviating effect of L.plan-tarum CCFM8610 may be related to theincrease in the relative abundance of butyric acid-producing genera in the intestine.

The Study of Food-Grade Induced Expression and Enzymatic Properties of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with High D-Tagatose Yield

L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) is the key enzyme for D-galactose isomerization of D-tagatose by biological method. In this research, Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with high D-tagatose yield was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated from the number of lactic acid bacteria from pickled vegetables. The crude L-arabinose isomerase activity of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with high D-tagatose yield was 13.95 U/mL under the optimal temperature 60&degC, pH 7.17 and substrate concentration 0.8 mol/L, and the conversion rate of 56.12% could be gained after 28 hours. Protein structure and specific of L-Arabinose Isomerase of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 were researched. The results showed that L-arabinose isomerase is mainly composed of alpha helix and random coil. Then the recombinant L-AI gene was inserted into the food-grade expression vector pRNA48 and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000 successfully. The target protein expression reached the maximum amount when the induced concentration of nisin reaches 30 ng/mL after 12 h. And the crude enzyme activity of recombinant bacteria reached 6.21 U/mL under 60&degC. Otherwise the optimal conversion rate recombinant of L. lactis NZ9000/pRNA48-L-AI can reach 39.21% under the temperature of 50&degC, pH 7.17 and D-galactose concentration was 0.6 mol/L.

3株具有抑菌活性的Lactobacillus plantarum在玉米青贮中的应用研究

研究了3株具有抑菌活性的L.plantarum对全株玉米青贮饲料厌氧贮藏及有氧暴露过程影响。将L.plantarum IMAU80162、IMAU10585、IMAU20013单菌及3株菌等比例混合后以1×10^(5) cfu/g的接种量添加到全株玉米中,25℃厌氧发酵42 d后开口暴露。结果显示,L.plantarum的添加不仅有助于增加青贮中乳酸菌的活菌数,减少酵母菌、大肠杆菌和霉菌的数量,还可以减少青贮发酵中营养物质的损耗,其中L.plantarumIMAU80162的抑菌效果最佳,且与IMAU10585、IMAU20013混合能有效维持青贮饲料的营养品质。本研究为L.plantarum IMAU80162在玉米青贮中的应用提供了重要研究基础。

Screening and Characterization of Nitrite Degrading <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>in Chinese Traditional Pickles

A Gram-positive, non-spore, round ended, straight rod Lactic acid bacteria were screened. The strain was screened out from the traditional pickle jar in Yutang soy sauce garden of Jining. In order to degrade the nitrate content in the fermentation process of traditional pickles and improve the quality of pickles, it is necessary to screen out nitrite degrading strains from pickles, and preliminarily locate nitrite reductase, and find out the most suitable pH, temperature and culture time to degrade nitrite. Lactobacillus plantarum was screened by MRS medium in advance. After 48 hours of culture in a shaking table with Bacillus subtilis, the cell components were separated by centrifugation, wall breaking and other operations. After 20 hours at 30°C, the content of nitrite in each component was determined by the naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride method (NIR). The culture conditions were as follows: inoculation amount 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%;salinity 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%;temperature 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C for 20 h. The results showed that the best degradation effect of nitrite was obtained under the conditions of 9% inoculum, salinity 5% and 30°C. Under the conditions of 9% inoculum, 5% salinity and 30°C for 5 h, 10 h, 20 h, 48 h, 66 h and 78 h, the results showed that the degradation amount gradually increased with the extension of time, and gradually maintained a stable state. Lactobacillus plantarum JBA-3 is a new type of lactic acid bacteria which can degrade nitrite and produce nitrite reductase.

Optimization of Freeze-drying Protective Agents for Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0391 by Response Surface Methodology

In this study, the Single Factor Test（SFT） was used to optimize the pre-freezing conditions of L. plantarum KLDS1.0391（KLDS1.0391）. Further, the Freeze-Drying Protective Agents（FDPA） of KLDS1.0391 was optimized by Response Surface Methodology（RSM）. The optimum pretreatment conditions were as the follows： initial concentration of KLDS1.0391 was 1011 CFU · m L-1 and KLDS1.0391 was pre-freezed at –80℃ for 8 h to achieve the survival rate of 46.21%. The main components of FDPA were skim milk, sucrose, sodium glutamate and Tween-80. And the influence of four factors on the survival rate of KLDS1.0391 in freeze-drying was in order as the follows： skim milk〉sucrose〉Tween-80〉sodium glutamate. The optimal FDPA composition was skim milk 11.3%, sucrose 9.8%, sodium glutamate 5.1% and Tween-80 0.2%. Under the above conditions, the survival rate of the cells was 82.98%. Comparing the predicted values, the relative error was 0.37% and the difference was not significant, which indicated that the established model could effectively reflect the actual protection of FDPA to KLDS1.0391.

Yogurt-derived Lactobacillus plantarum Q16 alleviated high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Accumulating evidence revealed that some probiotics regulated lipid metabolism and alleviated diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).This study mainly explored whether yogurt-derived Lactobacillus plantarum Q16 modulated lipid and energy metabolism,and suppressed microbial dysbiosis in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice.Results showed that oral administration of L.plantarum Q16 improved serum and hepatic lipid profile.Protein analysis showed that L.plantarum Q16 could reduce hepatic lipid content by reducing the expression of FAS,ACC,SCD-1,Srebp-lc and ATGL,but increasing expression levels of CPT-1α,PPAR-αand ATGL.Meanwhile,L.plantarum Q16 also improved hepatic energy metabolism by regulating FGF21/adiponectin/AMPKα/PGC-1αsignaling pathway.Metagenomic analysis also discovered that L.plantarum Q16 increased species diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota,promoted proliferation of beneficial commensals and suppressed the growth of endotoxin-producing microorganisms in the colon of HFD-fed mice.Overall,L.plantarum Q16 protected against HFD-induced NAFLD by improving hepatic profile and regulating colonic microbiota composition.

Ciprofloxacin stress changes key enzymes and intracellular metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum DNZ-4

Ciprofloxacin(CIP)is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria.In this experiment,key enzymes and intracellular metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum DNZ-4 was researched under CIP stress.The results showed that the activities of hexokinase,pyruvate kinase,β-galactosidase and Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase after 1/2 minimum bacteriostatic concentration(MIC)CIP treatment were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analysis the changes of main metabolites in the cells and principal component analysis and partial least square model were constructed.The results indicated that CIP could cause changes in intracellular fatty acids,carbohydrates and amino acids,and the mechanism of amino acid metabolism under CIP stress was significantly inhibited.L.plantarum DNZ-4 made stress response to CIP by regulating the ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fats.This experiment revealed the changes of growth and metabolism mechanism of L.plantarum DNZ-4 under CIP stress,which help to provide technical means for the development of effective probiotics preparation products.

探讨补充Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3在肌力退化及肌肉流失之功效

因应高龄社会的趋势,肌少症(Sarcopenia)是长者应注意的潜在健康危机。肌肉的减少除了在运动表现及行动能力下降外,骨骼肌持续随着时间的流失造就了基础代谢全面性的降低,许多文献证实肌少症影响着个体在临床上愈后的表现,因此提早进行肌少症的预防与诊断,是可以降低残疾,住院以及死亡的发生率。由于至今没有一种万灵丹能有效的治疗老化,因此要如何减少肌力退化及肌肉量流失为目前治疗肌少症的核心策略。近期研究指出益生菌可以调节肠道菌群,也有部分的研究证实益生菌所改善的肠道菌丛能有效的增加蛋白质的吸收,但尚未有研究提出哪些益生菌能具有增加肌肉量与质之功效。故本研究先利用小鼠纤维母细胞(C2C12)建立地塞米松(dexamethasone)诱导肌肉萎缩之细胞平台,发现益生菌Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3具有预防肌肉萎缩之潜力,接着,我们在动物模式上,藉由禁锢(Cast immobilization)七日方式来诱导小鼠肌肉萎缩,在禁锢的第一天就将GKM3冻干粉(500 mg/kg)喂食小鼠并连续喂食两周。

Probiotic Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 and Lactobacillus plantarum 16 enhance growth performance of broilers by improving the intestinal health

With the ever-growing strict prohibitions on antibiotic growth promoters(AGP)in animal production,in-feed probiotics are becoming attractive alternatives to antibiotics in the poultry industry.To investigate the effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 and Lactobacillus plantarum 16 on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers,540 male Cobb 500 broilers of 1 d old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 chicks per replicate.Broilers were fed with either a basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 1×108 colony-forming units(CFU)/kg P.polymyxa 10(BSC10)or L.plantarum 16(Lac16)for 42 d.Results showed that Lac16 treatment improved(P<0.05)the growth performance(body weight and feed conversion)of broilers at the starter phase,while BSC10 treatment slightly improved(P>0.05)the growth performance of the starter phase broilers.The increased villus height(P<0.05)at d 14,21 and 42 and villus height to crypt depth ratio(P<0.05)at d 14 and 21 were observed in the ileum of the 2 probiotic groups.Besides,transmission electron microscopy results showed that the 2 probiotics enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier.Both probiotic treatments up-regulated(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 1(FABP1)and sodium-dependent glucose transporters-1(SGLT-1)in the ileal mucosa of broilers at d 21.In addition,BSC10 and Lac16 treatments significantly(P<0.05)increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria,such as Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Lachnospira and Cop-rococcu,and significantly(P<0.05)decreased the relative abundance of enteric pathogens(Escherichia coli,Bacteroides fragilis and Shigella sonnei).Furthermore,the 2 probiotic treatments also increased the positive connection among the intestinal microbes and the carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways of the intes-tinal bacteria(P<0.05),with decreasing(P<0.05)nucleotides biosynthesis-related pathways of the intestinal bacteria.Overall,these results suggest that the 2 probiotics,especially Lac16,have a potential beneficial effect on the growth performance and intestinal health of starter phase broilers.

Potential role of Lactobacillus plantarum in colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium through altering gut microbiota and host metabolism in murine model

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic lifelong disease characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.Although more and more treatment options serve IBD, there is still no cure. It is important to find an effective treatment for IBD.This study aims to investigate whether Lactobacillus plantarum(L. plantarum) could alleviate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS). Following the DSS challenge, L. plantarum on DSS-mediated inflammatory colon lesions in mice, and L.plantarum therapy heightened the relative abundance of the colon-resident Actinobacteria. Analysis of serum metabolomics also indicated that the content of MG(18:4(6 Z, 9 Z, 12 Z, 15 Z)/0:0/0:0) was increased in response to L. plantarum therapy, and this was also the case for indolepyruvate and 1-hydroxyibuprofen. However, 13-oxooctadecadienoic acid(13-oxo ODE) and indolylacryloylglycine content fell following the DSS challenge. Based on these results, the study elucidates the mitigatory effects of L. plantarum in colitis, which depend on its regulation of the colonic microbial community and its modification of serum metabolites. The results revealed that L. plantarum mitigated inflammatory colon lesions, reprogrammed the microbial community and altered the level of serum metabolites in a murine model challenged with DSS. The study may present a potential therapeutic strategy for colitis.

Effects of mixed inoculation of Leuconostoc citreum and Lactobacillus plantarum on suansun(Sour bamboo shoot)fermentation

To study the effects of mixed starter consisted of different fermentative type of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)on the fermentation of suansun,two lactic acid bacteria(Leuconostoc citreum NM-12 and Lactobacillus plantarum L01)isolated from Chinese traditional fermented vegetable were used in the preparation of suansun.The fermentation was carried out at ambient temperature(around 25℃)for 96 h by inoculating different mixing ratios of LAB(inoculated fermentation)or using natural microbes(natural fermentation).The changes of pH,titratable acid(TA),microbe communities,free sugars,organic acids,nitrite and volatile compounds during fermentation were evaluated.Suansun treated with high Leuconostoc citreum ratio inoculation exhibited a quickly change in pH and TA,resulting from the rapid increase in the number of viable cells,at the early stage of fermentation and produced more mannitol(0.12–0.46 mg/mL)and acetic acid(0.93–3.56 mg/mL).However,Suansun treated with high Lactobacillus plantarum ratio inoculation had lower pH and higher TA at the later stage of fermentation and produced more lactic acid(5.32–7.68 mg/mL).No mannitol was detected in suansun when only Lactobacillus plantarum was inoculated in fermentation.No p-cresol was produced in the inoculated fermentation with mixed starter culture,in addition to the production of ethyl acetate and 2.3-butanedione,which had a positive effect on the flavor of suansun.In summary,this study demonstrated the application value of mixed starter consisted of different fermentative type of LAB.LAB types and mixing ratios greatly affected the types and concentration of metabolites in suansun fermentation.

Changes in chemical composition,structural and functional microbiome during alfalfa(Medicago sativa)ensilage with Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8

Improving silage production by adding exogenous microorganisms not only maximizes nutrient preservation,but also extends product shelf life.Herein,changes in the quality and quantity of Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8(PS-8)-inoculated alfalfa(Medicago sativa)during silage fermentation were monitored at d 0,7,14,and 28(inoculum dose of PS-8 was 1105 colony forming units[cfu]/g fresh weight;50 kg per bag;10 bags for each time point)by reconstructing metagenomic-assembled genomes(MAG)and Growth Rate InDex(GRiD).Our results showed that the exogenous starter bacterium,PS-8 inoculation,became the most dominating strain by d 7,and possibly played a highly active role throughout the fermentation process.The pH value of the silage decreased greatly,accompanied by the growth of acidproducing microorganisms namely PS-8,which inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms like molds(4.18 vs.1.42 log cfu/g)and coliforms(4.95 vs.0.66 log most probable number[MPN]/g).The content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)decreased significantly(41.6%vs.37.6%;dry matter basis).In addition,the abundance and diversity of genes coding microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZymes)increased significantly and desirably throughout the fermentation,particularly the genes responsible for degrading starch,arabino-xylan,and cellulose.Overall,our results showed that PS-8 was replicating rapidly and consistently during early-and mid-fermentation phases,promoting the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria and inhibiting undesirable microbes,ultimately improving the quality of silage.

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0386 with antioxidant capacity ameliorates the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice by NF-κB and Nrf2 pathway

The Lactobacillus is of great interest as a natural antioxidant to ameliorate liver injury for its antioxidant capacity.In a previous experiment,Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386 was excellent in adhesion and anti-inflammation.This research assessed the antioxidant capacity of L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 and how it ameliorates the LPS-induced acute liver injury.In vitro results showed that L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 had potential antioxidant capacity with 27 genes,and it had better capacities in hydroxyl radicals scavenging and lipid antioxidant than the reference strain L.plantarum WCFS1 (P < 0.05).In vivo results,L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 significantly reduced hepatic tissue injury,pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6),myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity (ALT,AST,ALP) (P < 0.05),compared with the LPS-treated mice.Moreover,L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 increased the relative abundance of the genera,including Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Muribaculaceae and Alistipes,which significantly increased the level of acetic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.05).The results also showed L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 significantly adjusted the expression of HO-1,NQO1,CAT,NF-κB,TLR4 and IκB-α in the liver (P < 0.05).Overall,these results indicated that L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 had great functionality in reducing LPS-induced acute liver injury.