Lagerstroemia L.(Lythraceae)is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical environments from Southeast Asia to Australia,with numerous species highly valued as ornamentals.Althoug...Lagerstroemia L.(Lythraceae)is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical environments from Southeast Asia to Australia,with numerous species highly valued as ornamentals.Although the plastomes of many species in this genus have been sequenced,the rates of functional gene evolution and their effect on phylogenetic analyses have not been thoroughly examined.We compared three plastome sequence matrices to elucidate how differences in these datasets affected phylogenetic analyses.Robust phylogenetic relationships for Lagerstroemia species were reconstructed based on different plastome sequence partitions and multiple phylogenetic methods.Identification of single-nucleotide variants within different genes also provides basic data on the patterns of functional gene evolution in Lagerstroemia and may provide insights into how those mutations affect protein structure and potentially drive divergence via cytonuclear incompatibility.These results as well as analyses of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations,indicate that heterotachic modes of evolution are present in functional plastome genes and should be accounted for in the analyses of molecular evolution.In addition,divergence events within the Lagerstroemia were dated for the first time.Several of the divergence estimates corresponded to well-known Earth history events,such as the reduction in global temperatures at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.Our analyses conducted in Lagerstroemia here dissects the various patterns in the divergence of Lagerstroemia and may provide a useful guide to help plant breeders,as well as the necessity of using plastomic data and as possible as to combine evidence from morphological characteristics to investigate the complicated interspecies relationship and the evolutionary dynamics of species.展开更多
Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which...Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY21C160001)Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants.
文摘Lagerstroemia L.(Lythraceae)is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical environments from Southeast Asia to Australia,with numerous species highly valued as ornamentals.Although the plastomes of many species in this genus have been sequenced,the rates of functional gene evolution and their effect on phylogenetic analyses have not been thoroughly examined.We compared three plastome sequence matrices to elucidate how differences in these datasets affected phylogenetic analyses.Robust phylogenetic relationships for Lagerstroemia species were reconstructed based on different plastome sequence partitions and multiple phylogenetic methods.Identification of single-nucleotide variants within different genes also provides basic data on the patterns of functional gene evolution in Lagerstroemia and may provide insights into how those mutations affect protein structure and potentially drive divergence via cytonuclear incompatibility.These results as well as analyses of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations,indicate that heterotachic modes of evolution are present in functional plastome genes and should be accounted for in the analyses of molecular evolution.In addition,divergence events within the Lagerstroemia were dated for the first time.Several of the divergence estimates corresponded to well-known Earth history events,such as the reduction in global temperatures at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.Our analyses conducted in Lagerstroemia here dissects the various patterns in the divergence of Lagerstroemia and may provide a useful guide to help plant breeders,as well as the necessity of using plastomic data and as possible as to combine evidence from morphological characteristics to investigate the complicated interspecies relationship and the evolutionary dynamics of species.
基金This work was funded by Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006).
文摘Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.
