The carbon cycle of global inland waters is quantitatively comparable to other components in the global carbon budget. Among inland waters, a significant part is man-made lakes formed by damming rivers. Manmade lakes ...The carbon cycle of global inland waters is quantitatively comparable to other components in the global carbon budget. Among inland waters, a significant part is man-made lakes formed by damming rivers. Manmade lakes are undergoing a rapid increase in number and size. Human impacts and frequent algae blooms lead to it necessary to make a better constraint on their carbon cycles. Here, we make a primary estimation on the air–water CO_2 transfer flux through an algae bloom year for a subtropical man-made lake—Hongfeng Lake, Southwest China. To do this a new type of glass bottles was designed for content and isotopic analysis of DIC and other environmental parameters. At the early stage of algae bloom,CO_2 was transferred from the atmosphere to the lake with a net flux of 1.770 g·C·m^(-2). Later, the partial pressure(pCO_2) of the aqueous CO_2 increased rapidly and the lake outgassed to the atmosphere with a net flux of 95.727 g·C·m^(-2). In the remaining days, the lake again took up CO_2 from the atmosphere with a net flux of 14.804 g·C·m^(-2). As a whole, Lake Hongfeng released 4527 t C to the atmosphere, accounting for one-third of the atmosphere/soil CO_2 sequestered by chemical weathering in the whole drainage. With an empirical mode decomposition method, we found air temperature plays a major role in controlling water temperature, aqueous pCO_2 and hence CO_2 flux. This work indicates a necessity to make detailed and comprehensive carbon budgets in man-made lakes.展开更多
7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is within 4mm.^7Be activity shows exponential decrease with soil depth,which is expressed as a diffusion process.7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is a...7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is within 4mm.^7Be activity shows exponential decrease with soil depth,which is expressed as a diffusion process.7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is apparently deeper in the fall (0.22-0.37g cm^-1) than in the spring (0.11-0.28g cm^-2) at the same site;Whereas,^7Be apparent activity at the top of surface soil is higher in the spring (0.3-2.2Bq g^-1)than in the fall (0.2-0.5Bqg^-1) at the same site,The 7Be inventory(189-544Bq m^-2)changes with both locations and seasons.Although the ^7Be flux to the earth's surface increases with amount of precipitation,its maximum inventory in the soil profiles decreases to 30%-40% after the rainy period.Calculated by the diffusion equation,the erosion and accumulation rates of soil particles are agreeable with the observation in situ,Which shows that the rates in fall are 1.5 times those in spring.The eroded soil particles almost all have been removed on the tablelands rathel than transported into the drainage system.This indicates that the soil erosion process in the karst region is only partial transportation within a short distance.展开更多
In this work, enzymatic and microbial degradation of organic matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, is described in terms of variations in DNA, α-glucosidase and sulfate-reduction bacteria (SRB). Organic matter i...In this work, enzymatic and microbial degradation of organic matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, is described in terms of variations in DNA, α-glucosidase and sulfate-reduction bacteria (SRB). Organic matter is degraded by microbes and extracellular enzymes excreted by the former, to a relatively low content below the 11-cm sediment depth. The distribution of DNA indicated that microbes are very active at the 9-cm sediment depth, where organic matter is degraded by microbes intensively. The contents of α-glucosidase are highest in suspend layer ({0.75} μmol·min+{-1}·g+{-1} dry sediments), showing that starch and hepatin in organic matter have been degraded intensively. α-glucosidase activity weakens with sediment depth. At the 11-cm depth where the degradation of organic matter started to slow down, α-glucosidase activity has been reduced to {0.17} μmol·min+{-1}·g+{-1} (dry sediment). Molecular biological research indicated that sulfate reduction bacteria (SRB) are distributed mainly at the upper 7-cm sediments in Lake Hongfeng. Combined with the results of research on the variations of organic matter and SO+{2-}-4, it is indicated that SO+{2-}-4 is unlikely to become an important electron acceptor and sulfate reduction is not limited by the supply of organic matter in Lake Hongfeng.展开更多
In order to characterize the oxygen isotopic composition of internal phosphate and explore the possibility of using these data to identify phosphate sources, we measured oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate(δ^(1...In order to characterize the oxygen isotopic composition of internal phosphate and explore the possibility of using these data to identify phosphate sources, we measured oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate(δ^(18)O_p) in sediment pore water in Hongfeng Lake, a typical deep-water lake in a mountainous area. These data, in combination with δ^(18)O_p in surface water samples and water column samples, were successfully used to identify phosphate sources. The δ^(18)O_p value of sediment pore water ranged from 15.2% to 15.8%, with an average value of 15.5%—the δ^(18)O_p value of internal phosphate. The δ^(18)O_p values decreased gradually through the water column from 19.4% in surface water to 16.4% in deeper water, implying that internal phosphate had more negative δ^(18)O_p values than external phosphate. This finding was substantiated by horizontal variations in δ^(18)O_p values, which decreased with increasing distance from inflowing rivers. All collected evidence suggests that external and internal phosphate have distinctly different isotopic signatures and that these signatures have not been considerably altered by biological mediation in Hongfeng Lake. Therefore, δ^(18)O_p can be used to distinguish phosphate sources. A two-endmember mixing model showed that internal phosphate had an average contribution of 40%, highlighting the influence of internal phosphorus loading on aqueous phosphate and eutrophication. This study illustrates the need to reduce the internal phosphorus load from sediment and provides guidance for nutrient management and in-lake restoration treatment in Hongfeng Lake. The data presented here are limited, but serve to highlight the great potential of δ^(18)O_p as an effective tracer for identifying phosphate sources. Systematic investigations of the oxygen isotopic compositions of external phosphate, internal phosphate, and phosphate through the water column, in combination with in-lake P biogeochemical cycle study, would be desirable in further research.展开更多
The purification efficiency of eutrophic water by five aqua-cultured plants(Chlorophytum comosum, Salix babylonica, Dracaena sanderiana, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Lake Hongfeng, China...The purification efficiency of eutrophic water by five aqua-cultured plants(Chlorophytum comosum, Salix babylonica, Dracaena sanderiana, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Lake Hongfeng, China, was investigated. The results indicated that the biomass of Myriophyllum verticillatum and Alternanthera philoxeroides reached the highest level in 87 days after transplant. The removal efficiencies of total nitrate(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemical oxygen demand(CODCr), and chlorophyll(Chl-a) by the plants ranged from 44% to 96%. The Secchi depth(SD) increased from 0.08-0.1 m to 1.3-3.2 m for the experiments with five cultivars of aqua-cultured plants. Purification efficiency of eutrophic water correlated significantly, in a positive way, with biomass amount and plant productivity. The Carlson's trophic state indexes decreased from 76 to 21 when the cultivar was Myriophyllum verticillatum, suggesting that Myriophyllum verticillatum can be selected as the plant to remediate karst drainage areas of Guizhou Plateau, where the water body underwent eutrophication. The research results provided a good case for lake environmental management and recovery in karst areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China.展开更多
On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discha...On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.展开更多
基金carried out with funding from the National Key Research and Development Project provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through Grant 2016YFA0601000
文摘The carbon cycle of global inland waters is quantitatively comparable to other components in the global carbon budget. Among inland waters, a significant part is man-made lakes formed by damming rivers. Manmade lakes are undergoing a rapid increase in number and size. Human impacts and frequent algae blooms lead to it necessary to make a better constraint on their carbon cycles. Here, we make a primary estimation on the air–water CO_2 transfer flux through an algae bloom year for a subtropical man-made lake—Hongfeng Lake, Southwest China. To do this a new type of glass bottles was designed for content and isotopic analysis of DIC and other environmental parameters. At the early stage of algae bloom,CO_2 was transferred from the atmosphere to the lake with a net flux of 1.770 g·C·m^(-2). Later, the partial pressure(pCO_2) of the aqueous CO_2 increased rapidly and the lake outgassed to the atmosphere with a net flux of 95.727 g·C·m^(-2). In the remaining days, the lake again took up CO_2 from the atmosphere with a net flux of 14.804 g·C·m^(-2). As a whole, Lake Hongfeng released 4527 t C to the atmosphere, accounting for one-third of the atmosphere/soil CO_2 sequestered by chemical weathering in the whole drainage. With an empirical mode decomposition method, we found air temperature plays a major role in controlling water temperature, aqueous pCO_2 and hence CO_2 flux. This work indicates a necessity to make detailed and comprehensive carbon budgets in man-made lakes.
文摘7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is within 4mm.^7Be activity shows exponential decrease with soil depth,which is expressed as a diffusion process.7Be penetrative depth in undisturbed surface soil is apparently deeper in the fall (0.22-0.37g cm^-1) than in the spring (0.11-0.28g cm^-2) at the same site;Whereas,^7Be apparent activity at the top of surface soil is higher in the spring (0.3-2.2Bq g^-1)than in the fall (0.2-0.5Bqg^-1) at the same site,The 7Be inventory(189-544Bq m^-2)changes with both locations and seasons.Although the ^7Be flux to the earth's surface increases with amount of precipitation,its maximum inventory in the soil profiles decreases to 30%-40% after the rainy period.Calculated by the diffusion equation,the erosion and accumulation rates of soil particles are agreeable with the observation in situ,Which shows that the rates in fall are 1.5 times those in spring.The eroded soil particles almost all have been removed on the tablelands rathel than transported into the drainage system.This indicates that the soil erosion process in the karst region is only partial transportation within a short distance.
文摘In this work, enzymatic and microbial degradation of organic matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, is described in terms of variations in DNA, α-glucosidase and sulfate-reduction bacteria (SRB). Organic matter is degraded by microbes and extracellular enzymes excreted by the former, to a relatively low content below the 11-cm sediment depth. The distribution of DNA indicated that microbes are very active at the 9-cm sediment depth, where organic matter is degraded by microbes intensively. The contents of α-glucosidase are highest in suspend layer ({0.75} μmol·min+{-1}·g+{-1} dry sediments), showing that starch and hepatin in organic matter have been degraded intensively. α-glucosidase activity weakens with sediment depth. At the 11-cm depth where the degradation of organic matter started to slow down, α-glucosidase activity has been reduced to {0.17} μmol·min+{-1}·g+{-1} (dry sediment). Molecular biological research indicated that sulfate reduction bacteria (SRB) are distributed mainly at the upper 7-cm sediments in Lake Hongfeng. Combined with the results of research on the variations of organic matter and SO+{2-}-4, it is indicated that SO+{2-}-4 is unlikely to become an important electron acceptor and sulfate reduction is not limited by the supply of organic matter in Lake Hongfeng.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project by MOST of China(No.2016YFA0601003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1612441 and 41173125)Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province
文摘In order to characterize the oxygen isotopic composition of internal phosphate and explore the possibility of using these data to identify phosphate sources, we measured oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate(δ^(18)O_p) in sediment pore water in Hongfeng Lake, a typical deep-water lake in a mountainous area. These data, in combination with δ^(18)O_p in surface water samples and water column samples, were successfully used to identify phosphate sources. The δ^(18)O_p value of sediment pore water ranged from 15.2% to 15.8%, with an average value of 15.5%—the δ^(18)O_p value of internal phosphate. The δ^(18)O_p values decreased gradually through the water column from 19.4% in surface water to 16.4% in deeper water, implying that internal phosphate had more negative δ^(18)O_p values than external phosphate. This finding was substantiated by horizontal variations in δ^(18)O_p values, which decreased with increasing distance from inflowing rivers. All collected evidence suggests that external and internal phosphate have distinctly different isotopic signatures and that these signatures have not been considerably altered by biological mediation in Hongfeng Lake. Therefore, δ^(18)O_p can be used to distinguish phosphate sources. A two-endmember mixing model showed that internal phosphate had an average contribution of 40%, highlighting the influence of internal phosphorus loading on aqueous phosphate and eutrophication. This study illustrates the need to reduce the internal phosphorus load from sediment and provides guidance for nutrient management and in-lake restoration treatment in Hongfeng Lake. The data presented here are limited, but serve to highlight the great potential of δ^(18)O_p as an effective tracer for identifying phosphate sources. Systematic investigations of the oxygen isotopic compositions of external phosphate, internal phosphate, and phosphate through the water column, in combination with in-lake P biogeochemical cycle study, would be desirable in further research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21767007)the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province([2015]3014)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Guizhou Normal University for 2014
文摘The purification efficiency of eutrophic water by five aqua-cultured plants(Chlorophytum comosum, Salix babylonica, Dracaena sanderiana, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Lake Hongfeng, China, was investigated. The results indicated that the biomass of Myriophyllum verticillatum and Alternanthera philoxeroides reached the highest level in 87 days after transplant. The removal efficiencies of total nitrate(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemical oxygen demand(CODCr), and chlorophyll(Chl-a) by the plants ranged from 44% to 96%. The Secchi depth(SD) increased from 0.08-0.1 m to 1.3-3.2 m for the experiments with five cultivars of aqua-cultured plants. Purification efficiency of eutrophic water correlated significantly, in a positive way, with biomass amount and plant productivity. The Carlson's trophic state indexes decreased from 76 to 21 when the cultivar was Myriophyllum verticillatum, suggesting that Myriophyllum verticillatum can be selected as the plant to remediate karst drainage areas of Guizhou Plateau, where the water body underwent eutrophication. The research results provided a good case for lake environmental management and recovery in karst areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China.
基金Sponsored by Significant Scientific and Technological Program of Guizhou Province([2015]2001)
文摘On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.
