Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm Combined with Random Forest:A Case Study in Henan Province,China

Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.

A Study on Technology Application and Performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Context of Cloud Computing Application-A Case Study of Hotel Industry in Henan,China

This paper examines how the adoption of cloud computing affects the relationship between the technical and environmental capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in the tourism industry in Henan Province,China,thereby promoting the stable and sustainable development of the tourism industry,combining the laws of tourism market development,vigorously constructing a smart tourism project,guiding tourism cloud service providers to strengthen the cooperation and contact with the market’s tourism enterprises,introducing and utilizing cloud computing technology,optimizing and improving the functions of various tourism services of the enterprises,and enhancing the processing and analysis of enterprise-related data to provide tourism information.Strengthen the processing and analysis of enterprise-related data to provide tourism information,and further study the adoption of cloud computing and its impact on small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in terms of technology and business environment knowledge,so as to make the best enterprise management decisions and realize the overall enhancement of the enterprise’s tourism brand value.

Preface to the Special Collection on the July 2021 Zhengzhou, Henan Extreme Rainfall Event

A period of extreme rainfall occurred from 17 to 22 July 2021 in Henan Province of China where the accumulated precipitation in the 6-day period exceeded 1000 mm, which is more than the mean annual precipitation in the region. The rainfall was particularly intense on 20 July 2021, especially over Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province and home to more than 10 million people. Hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm was measured at a station in Zhengzhou, breaking the station hourly rainfall record for all of China's Mainland. Major urban flooding occurred in Zhengzhou, leading to submerged subway trains and city road tunnels.

Preface to the Special Issue Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of Mathematics at Henan University

The journey of mathematics at Henan University traces back to the inception of the Department of Mathematics and Physics at Zhongzhou University in 1923.Over the course of a century,scholars across generations have shared their aspirations with our nation,shaping the destiny of our country.Through unwavering dedication,they have continuously enhanced the quality of mathematical education and laid the groundwork for an enduring academic legacy.

Analysis of Rainstorm Process over Henan Province of China in July 2021

Based on the data from the China National Meteorological Station and the fifth-generation reanalysis data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, we investigated and examined the precipitation, circulation, and dynamic conditions of the rainstorm in Henan in July 2021. The results show that: 1) This precipitation is of very heavy rainfall level, beginning on the 19th and lasting until the 21st, with a 3-hour cumulative precipitation of more than 200 mm at Zhengzhou station at 19:00 on the 20th. The major focus of this precipitation is in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and it also radiates to Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luoyang, Luohe, and other places. 2) The Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), typhoons “In-Fa” and “Cempaka”, as well as the less dynamic strengthening of the Eurasian trough ridge structure, all contributed to the short-term maintenance of the favorable large-scale circulation background and water vapor conditions for this rainstorm in Henan. 3) The vertical structure of low-level convergence and high-level dispersion near Zhengzhou, together with the topographic blocking and lifting impact, produced favorable dynamic lifting conditions for this rainstorm.

Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Weather Process in Henan during July 17-22, 2021

To learn more about the unusually heavy rainfall in central China, this research uses the monthly climatic data, weather map information and US NCEP re-analysis data to analyze the atmospheric circulation, precipitation and weather situation of this extreme precipitation weather process in Henan during July 17-22, 2021. The results show that the precipitation process is affected by the joint action of the subtropical high, the continental high, the low vortex, the low-level jet, the typhoon “In-fa” and other multi-scale systems in the middle and low latitudes. This precipitation process was also affected by the topographic uplift and blocking of Taihang Mountain and Funiu Mountain.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Trend, Mechanism and Path: Analysis of the Integrated Development of Henan Intangible Cultural Heritage and Tourist Industry with Digital Empowerment

Up till now,Henan has established a relatively perfect Intangible Cultural Heritage listing system and protection system,which lays a foundation for the digitalization of Intangible Cultural Heritage.Meanwhile,Henan has vigorously carried out research on the activation of digital Intangible Cultural Heritage,resulting in improving the capabilities of digital application of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Traveling to Henan,Understanding China

From July 30 to August 5,2023,the Yellow River Tourism Overseas Promotion Season 2023 launched the"Henan Overseas Promotion Week",presenting to the global public"Traveling to Henan,Understanding China-Henan Province Characteristic Tourism Cultural Resources Photo Exhibition"and"Traveling to Henan.

Campus Landscape and Campus Culture of Henan University of Science and Technology

Due to the differences in disciplines and regional cultural spirits,the campus landscape of Chinese universities has varying cultural connotations.Campus landscape is not only a reflection of regional school history and culture,but also a potential factor affecting students'ideology and values.At present,some colleges and universities in China only concern and consider the visual impact effect of campus landscape construction,while others take landscape planning and construction as an accessory of the main building,which seriously affects the soul guiding role of campus culture in campus landscape.The internal and external landscape pattern of Henan University of Science and Technology with landscape road and water system as the framework,as well as core scenic spots with rich cultural connotations,such as“Peony Dinghu map”,“Yueqin Lake”,embody the university history and culture,the characteristics of western Henan architecture and the specific campus culture positioning,providing a stark example for landscape planning and design of other colleges and universities in the future.

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan Region,Western Henan Province,China,and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province： high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage （-160 Ma）, I-type granite in the middle stage （-130 Ma） and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage （-115 Ma）. Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New ^40Ar/^39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite （156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole） and middle-stage Heyu granite （131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite） are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A- type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at -115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between -160 Ma and -115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qiniing -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios, which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratous.

Analysis of the Impact of Off-farm Employment of Agricultural Labor on Grain Production in Shandong Province and Henan Province

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.

Variations of Frost-free Period and Its Impact on Grain Yields in Henan Province during 1961-2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of frost dates to global warming and its influences on grain yields. In this study, based on the frost date series defined by daily minimum ground temperature, the spatial and temporal characteristics of first frost date （FFD）, last frost date （LFD） and frost-free period （FFP） were analyzed. The impact of extending FFP on major crop yields was also studied. The results were as follows： FFD showed a significantly delaying trend of 2.2 d/10 y, and LFD presented an advancing trend of 2.4 d/10 y. FFP extended at a rate of 4.5 d/10 y due to the later FFD and earlier LFD. The most obvious trend of FFD was in westem Henan, while the most significant trend of LFD and FFP oc- curred in south central parts of the study area. However, in eestem region, the trends of FFD, LFD and FFP were not so obvious. Major crop yield showed a sig- nificant correlation with frost-free period for Henan during 1961-2013. The yields of grain, rice, wheat, and maize increased by 79.5, 90.0, 79.5 and 70.5 kg/hm2 with FFP extending by one day.

Technological Paths for Improving Grain Comprehensive Productivity ——Taking Henan Province for Instance

[Objective] This paper aimed at exploring technological paths for improving grain productivity based on the conditions and production practice in Henan Province.[Method] The status and dynamics of grain production in Henan Province were analyzed as a whole.[Result] The total production of grain in Henan Province had generally shown a tendency of ascent.Total grain production in Henan Province was 54 370 thousand t,which was 2.5 times of the total grain production in 1978,as 20 974 thousand t.The growth of grain production was more and more relying on the improvement of grain yield per unit area.[Conclusion] This research had provided theoretical basis for the improvement of grain production in Henan Province as well as for the grain production of the whole country.

Measurement and assessment of water resources carrying capacity in Henan Province, China

As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by available water resources and while maintaining defined environmental conditions. This paper proposes a distributed quantitative model for WRCC, based on the principles of optimization, and considering hydro-economic interaction, water supply, water quality, and socioeconomic development constraints. With the model, the WRCCs of 60 subregions in Henan Province were determined for different development periods. The results showed that the water resources carrying level of Henan Province was suitably loaded in 2010, but that the province would be mildly overloaded in 2030 with respect to the socioeconomic development planning goals. The restricting factors for WRCC included the available water resources, the increasing rate of GDP, the urbanization ratio, the irrigation water utilization coefficient, the industrial water recycling rate, and the wastewater reuse rate, of which the available water resources was the most crucial factor. Because these factors varied temporally and spatially, the trends in predicted WRCC were inconsistent across different subregions and periods.

Diagnostic Analysis on a Regional Rainstorm Weather in North-central Henan Province

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteorological Station, the diagnostic analysis of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics on a rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province on July 19, 2010 was carried out. The characteristics of physical quantity field and the evolution of weather situation in north-central Henan Province when the rainstorm happened were studied. [Result] Western Pacific subtropical high strengthened to extend westward. The dynamic uplifting of low vortex at the middle and low layers, the strong water vapor transportation of southwest low-level jet caused the regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. The diagnostic results of physical quantity showed that the deep, thick wet layer and the sustained water vapor convergence provided the abundant water vapor for rainstorm generation. The positive vorticity advection center developed and spread from northwest to southeast, which was favorable for the development of vertical movement. The structure maintenance of positive vorticity at the middle and low layers, negative vorticity at the middle and high levels provided the power condition for the regional rainstorm generation. The pumping effect of convergence at the middle and low layers, divergence at the high layer was favorable for the strengthening of vertical ascending motion at the low layer. The uplifting effect of dew point front at the middle and low layers triggered the release of unstable energy. The confrontation of warm and cold air was one of the important reasons for the regional rainstorm. TBB characteristic analysis showed that TBB was from -60 to -50 ℃ in north-central Henan Province in the whole strong precipitation time, and the moving speed was equivalent to that of southwest vortex. The low-value belt of TBB corresponded with the rainstorm occurrence zone in Henan, and the minimum-value center of TBB was basically consistent with the strongest center of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the short-term forecast of rainstorm.

Analysis of Security of High-yield Cultivation of Spring Peanut in the Southwest of Henan Province Based on Meteorological Factors

The changes of meteorological factors such as average temperature, pre- cipitation and sunshine duration in the whole growth period and at various growth stages of spring peanut in Dengzhou City during 2001-2016 were analyzed, and their effects on the growth and development of spring peanut were discussed. The results show that from 2001 to 2016, average temperature tended to increase in the growth period of spring peanut in Dengzhou City, but the increasing trend was slow; precipitation showed a decreasing trend on the whole （it increased at the sowing and flowering stage）; sunshine duration reduced year by year （the decreasing trend was different at various growth stages）, but the decrease of sunshine duration was more obvious than that of precipitation. Based on the analysis of meteorological conditions and the growth rules of spring peanut, it is needed to scientifically choose varieties of spring peanut, plan suitable sowing patterns, apply and manage- fertilizer and water to reasonably realize sustainable high-yield of spring peanut based on its safe stable yield.

Analysis of Driving Factors of Grain Output in Henan Province Based on Grey Correlation Model

Henan Province is an important grain production base, whose stable production is related to the economic development and social stability significantly. To summarize the primary factors of grain producing, we used grey correlation analysis method to analyze 10 correlative factors such as grain yield, grain yield per unit area, effective irrigated area, rural employed persons, grain planting area, consumption of chemical fertilizer in 25 years. The results showed order of synthetic degree of incidence: effective irrigated area>rural electricity consumption>consumption of chemical fertilizer>disaster crop area>grain yield per unit of area>total power of agricultural machinery>afflicted crop area>grain planting area>number of the rural employed persons. Finally, according to synthetic degree of incidence between influential factors and total grain output respectively, a series of measures and the suggestions was proposed for grain production in Henan Province, which will also provide the scientific basis and help for the government correct decision-making.

A New Species of the Genus Simulium (Diptera:Simuliidae) from Henan Province

In the present paper, a new species, Simulium （Nevermannia） henanense sp. nov., from Henan, China, is described. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology of Guiyang Medical College.

Investigation and Analysis of Continuous Cropping of Flue-cured Tobacco in Henan Province

The continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco in the major producing areas of Henan Province by designing questionnaire, fieldwork, enquiry and phone calls, mails, and other forms, the data were obtained then classified and analyzed. The results showed that the main planting areas of flue-cured tobacco were in Nanyang, Xuchang, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Pingdingshan, and Luohe where were the major producing areas of succession cropping of flue-cured tobacco with percentage of 20%-40% for three years and over three years, and a few places up to 50%. Morbidity was common with wide distribution, and the main diseases were black shank, viral disease, and black rot. It proved that tobacco was not suitable for continuous cropping. Both of tobacco disease and pest rate and mortality significantly increased by more than 40% under continuous cropping for three years and over three years, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco also decreased after continuous cropping. For many places, the tobacco yield started to decrease in the second year of continuous cropping, and after three-year cropping, the yield decreased in the range of 9%-24%. Continuous cropping for a long time would make a serious decline in the quality of tobacco, resulting in non-economic benefits. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and economic loss in tobacco production, it is recommended to avoid continuous cropping, or to adopt appropriate measures to control tobacco continuous cropping obstacles in the unavoidable case.