Identification of Heterogeneity of Social and Economic Environment of Land Uses in China

The robust principal component analysis （RPCA） is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses （SEELU）. RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.

Characterization of landscape pattern based on land economic niche change: A case study in Ganzhou,Gansu Province, China

Land use change has a profound impact on biodiversity and ecological processes, and is closely related to changes in landscape patterns. This paper introduces the theory and method of land economic niche into landscape ecology, which provides a new method for spatial characterization of urban and rural spatial landscape patterns. Based on this theory, this paper analyzes the landscape pattern of Ganzhou District by using Landsat images as data source in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. We calculated the land economic niche by applying the niche potential theory. Combined with the theory of landscape ecology, we explored the effects of the land economic niche change on the landscape pattern at a county scale. The results show that economic niche of construction land, watershed and farmland increased during 1995-2015, and grassland declined significantly. The economic niche of farmland, construction land, watershed and grassland show a negative correlation with the number of patches （NP）, fragmentation index （FN） and the fractal dimension index （FD）, and had a positive correlation with the aggregation index （AI）. There was no significant correlation between the forest land economic niche and landscape metrics. The change of land economic niche has a driving effect on the landscape pattern of the county, which can represent the economic development direction of Ganzhou District. The land economic niche is closely related to the landscape type which can directly obtain an economic benefit.

China＇s Land System and Its Extraordinary Infrastructure Development

Over the past two decades, China's infrastructure development has been extraordinary in the sense that it far exceeds GDP growth rate and unconventional in the sense that it cannot be explained with existing theories on infrastructure development.This paper found that the transformation of China's land system is an important clue:China's extraordinary infrastructure development is a result that can be explained with the transformation of its land system. Theoretically, this paper proves that with other conditions held constant, the difference of land systems has a significant effect on the optimal infrastructure supply of regions. Empirically, it can be found through the test of cross-country panel data that the transformation of China's land system around the 1990 s indeed exerted an overall impact on China's extraordinary infrastructure development. This paper implies that China's "land-supported infrastructure development" model has been pivotal to its extraordinary infrastructure development. Under the Belt and Road Initiative,China's experience of land-supported infrastructure development is of broad significance for developing countries to boost their infrastructure development.

Land Economic Density in China:Regional Differences and Influencing Factors

With the help of the Theil index,this paper analyzes the regional and intra-regional disparities in the Land Economic Density(LED)of the provincial-level regions in China from 2008 to 2017.The Pearson correlation coefficient is also employed to reveal the relationship between influencing factors and the LED of the empirical regions,so as to further identify differences in the LED of different regions.The paper finds that firstly,the average LED on the national scale has grown gradually from about 787 million yuan/km^(2) in 2008 to around 1,396 million yuan/km^(2) in 2017.Secondly,the intra-regional disparity in LED shows a decrease trend.Conversely,the regional disparity in LED has increased year by year.Thirdly,the LED of different regions has different correlations with their influencing factors.Finally,both education and technology input have a significantly positive correlation with the LED,and a negative correlation with urban-rural consumption ratio,which indicates that improving the education and technology input could balance regional development and narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas.