Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Based on Landscape Ecology Theory:A Case Study of Waterfront Landscape Planning and Design of Dapo Town

With the rapid development of urbanization,landscape architecture has become an indispensable component of daily life.In order to achieve better landscape effects and protect the ecological environment,landscape ecology theory can be integrated into landscape planning to carry out disciplinary crossing and integration research between landscape ecology and landscape architecture.In this study,based on the basic theories of landscape ecology,the waterfront landscape of Dapo Town was designed,with the aim to achieve ecological balance in planning,showcase biodiversity,and create a harmonious landscape ecological environment which can benefit both nature and people.This design combined artificial and natural elements while improving the natural environment,which promoted a harmonious relationship between humans and nature,thus enriching the spatial organization of the city,and playing a role in regulating the urban environment and climate.

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper.It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.

Genius Loci of Urban Public Spaces: A Case Study of Daihu Lake Landscape Planning in New Shouzhan District, Changle City, Fujian Province

Connotations of genius loci of urban public spaces were explored, geographical position and composition of Daihu landscape design in New Shouzhan District, Changle City, Fujian Province was introduced. Design concepts, layouts and patterns were summarized by combining with geographical and cultural conditions of the study area. Functional zoning of Daihu landscape design was analyzed, human-centered site planning stressed to realize functions of new urban public spaces, regression of cultural and humanistic properties of these spaces, so as to provide diverse options for the future construction of urban public spaces.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

Research on the Model of General Landscape Planning of City Road System

This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.

Landscape Planning for the Pond Renovation Engineering in East District of Hekou City, Henan Province

Pond is the lung of city and a signifi cant ecological infrastructure on which sustainable development of the city relies, it plays an essential role in maintaining healthy development of the city. This paper, on the basis of landscape design theories, explored the means of restoring ecological conditions of abandoned ponds in the city, applied various approaches to create park green spaces with beautiful landscapes and complete functions. Pond renovation is an essential task in the rapid urban construction.

Exploration of Multi-modal Teaching Methods in Teaching of Agricultural Landscape Planning

Taking the teaching practice of agricultural landscape planning for example,this paper uses the multi-modal teaching idea for teaching design based on traditional lecture-style teaching,including multi-modal teaching materials,multi-modal teaching methods and multi-modal teaching evaluation. The results show that this method can effectively improve students' interest in learning,reinforce the theoretical basis of agricultural landscape planning theory,and improve agricultural landscape planning practical skills. It is the active exploration of multi-modal teaching model and useful complement to traditional classroom teaching.

Research on Peng Yigang’s Landscape Planning and Design Thoughts and Methods:A Case Study of Zhangpu XiHu Park in Fujian Province

Peng Yigang is both a famous architectural theorist and a practitioner of architectural theory.His exploration in landscape planning and design is of great significance to the transition from traditional garden to modern ones.Zhangpu Xihu Park in Fujian Province is an outstanding representative of early garden planning and architectural design by Peng Yigang,which highlights the characteristics of nationality and regionality.Through the interpretation and analysis of Zhangpu Xihu Park,Peng Yigang’s design ideas and methods of garden planning and garden architecture can be understood,especially the reference and breakthrough of traditional garden planning and architectural design will provide ideological,methodological,and empirical guidance for future landscape planning and design.

Landscape Planning and Design of Rural Health-caring Tourist Bases

With the further deepening of rural revitalization strategies,rural construction and development has been attracting increasing attention,on this basis rural health-caring tourism has developed.This research,by following ecological and human-centered principles,adopted the renovation planning of Dacun Village,Fengcun Town in Deqing County,Zhaoqing City,tried to build Dacun Village into a rural healthcaring base that integrates the functions of serving for the aged,recreation,living,health care,tourism and vacation,and provided a new development mode uniting health care with rural tourism.

An integrated spatial planning of the mountainous landscapes for ski sports in a case area at the eastern Türkiye

Mountainous regions have disadvantages in economic development because of harsh physical and climatic conditions.However,winter tourism activities are one of the key components for supporting economic development in the highlands.Establishing a ski resort area supports direct and indirect employment in a region,and it stops immigration from mountainous regions to other places.This research aimed to assess the potential ski areas using a multi criteria evaluation technique in the Van region which is located in the eastern part of Türkiye.In this context,snow cover duration,sun effect,slope,slope length,elevation,population density,distance from main roads and lake visibility were used as input factors in the decision making process.Each factor was standardized using a fuzzy technique based on existing well-known ski centers in Türkiye.The weight of inputs was defined by applying a survey to the professional skiers.The most important factors were detected as transportation opportunities and snow covers whereas,the least important factors were elevation and population density.Additionally,lake visibility was very important to make a difference from other existing facilities in the region.Therefore,it was included as constraints and lake visible areas were extracted at the final stage of the research.Potential ski areas were mapped in three levels as professional,intermediate and beginner skiers.One of the suitable areas was selected as a sample projection and for the 3D simulation of the ski investment area.Potential costs and benefits were discussed.It was found that a ski tourism area investment can be amortized in 3 years in the region.

Discussion on Landscape Ecosystem Planning of Small Basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau——Taking Nieruzangbu Basin as an Example

In this paper, taking Nieruzanghu as an example, it is discussed that how to plan landscapes of small basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. With analyzed the status and character of landscape structure through the use of landscape diversity indexes and landscape dominant indexes, some major problems in the landscape ecosystem are pointed out. On the basis of regional restrictive principle and compliance principle of resources, environment and economy, Nieruzangbu Basin is divided into three landscape function areas. According to the demands of each function area, landscape structure planning is carried out to improve ecological environment through optimization and adjustment of landscape structure in Nieruzangbu Basin.

基于CiteSpace的国际景观规划研究热点分析——以Landscape and Urban Planning 2010~2019年载文为对象

全球范围内以城市化为主要驱动力造成的景观变化,成为当今世界最大的挑战议题之一,景观变化和城市发展的可持续解决方案成为国际研究热点。以国际权威期刊Landscape and Urban Planning 2010~2019年刊载的1891篇论文为研究对象,利用科学计量学及计量可视化软件CiteSpace,从发文量、载文类型、国家占比、合作机构、共现关键词等方面分析了国际景观规划近10年的研究热点。研究结果表明,国际景观规划近10年研究热点集中在国土利用和管理、城市绿道和绿色空间、城市雨洪管理、乡村景观、生物多样性保护、城市热岛、低碳城市、景观结构等方向。该结果可为科研工作者提供借鉴信息,为我国城市景观规划理论创新与实践发展提供有益启示。

Planning and Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Constructed Wetland

In addition to purifying water, constructed wetland has become an important ecological landscape in city. The characteristics and key design points of constructed wetland under the ecological principles were explored, taking the Jingyue Lake in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province for example, treatment processes were designed for different infl ow waters on the basis of site analysis to facilitate the water environment control and ecological landscape construction, ecological theories were applied to explore functional layouts and landscape designs of wetland, to build a favorable ecological environment of urban wetland and design outstanding wetland ecological landscapes.

Landscape eco planning and design: concepts, a framework approach and case study

s—In the paper, the three main principles of Landscape Ecology are put forward, that is, Holism Principles, Temporal spatial Scales Principles and Level Organization Principles, Eco cybernetic Principles and Mosaic Stable Principles. It is considered that landscape ecological planning & design (LEPD) is guided by landscape ecological theory, and its basic aim is to create a sustainable landscape ecological system (LES). Furthermore, a framework approach of LEDP is established, and a case study with Zhuolu Basin is taken with the concepts and the approach.

Development of a landscape index to link landscape pattern to runoff and sediment

Linking landscape indexes to ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology.However,traditional landscape metrics based on the Patch-Mosaic Model have no ecological significance.In this study,the runoff-sediment landscape index coupling land use,topography,soil,and vegetation factors was constructed to link landscape patterns to runoff and sediment.In the study area,the runoffsediment landscape index at the class scale showed an increasing trend from 0.10 in 1995 to 0.26 in 2015.Cropland had a higher runoff-sediment landscape index compared to grassland or forestland.At the landscape scale,the runoff-sediment landscape index showed a decreasing trend since 1995;furthermore,it decreased by 36.24%in 2015 compared with the index in 1990.The runoff-sediment landscape index had higher correlations with runoff and sediment compared with traditional landscape metrics.Redundancy analysis showed that the runoffsediment landscape index had a higher contribution to runoff and sediment compared to traditional landscape metrics,explaining 90.1%of the variability.The soil erosion risk assessed by the runoff-sediment landscape index showed an increasing trend upstream of the Dali River watershed.More attention should be paid to this area in future vegetation restoration attempts,as exploring the impact of landscape pattern changes on ecological processes,especially hydrological processes,plays an important role in comprehensive watershed management.

Landscapes—Structure, Functions, and Development Trends (On the Example of Landscapes of Georgia)

The article discusses the peculiarities of landscape geography development, types of landscape structure and their types, the essence of cultural landscape and its types, landscape functions and peculiarities of their definition, the main tasks and challenges of using and managing Georgian landscapes.

Preliminary Study on Landscape Architecture Safety

In view of the current poor safety consciousness in landscape architecture industry, this paper proposed the concept of landscape architecture safety, and analyzed its characteristics; explored the monitoring means of landscape architecture safety and prevention measures from the perspectives of landscape architecture planning and design safety, landscaping construction safety; and put forward specific schemes from the perspectives of evaluation standards, legal system, and propaganda and education of landscape architecture safety, in order to meet the increasingly urgent needs of landscape architecture safety,and promote the landscape architecture safety in China.

Payment for Water-Related Ecosystem Services as a Strategic Watershed Management Approach

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have been created worldwide to assist watershed management and improve or maintain water quality. Considering their importance, we conducted a holistic review of payment for water-related ecosystem services to understand how this instrument has been applied in watershed management worldwide. First, we identified the watershed management actions considered by the PES programs and the challenges of implementing water-related PES. After we identified the methods and criteria used to define priority areas for water-related PES. Our review considered articles published on the Web of Science from 2011 to 2022. We found 236 articles relating PES to water resources, highlighting the main water conservation strategies: native vegetation conservation, native vegetation restoration, and implementing best agricultural practices. The method most frequent was interview, followed by the use of technologies, document analysis, and hydrological models. Another significant result was that priority areas for receiving PES are mainly riparian zones, areas near or with native vegetation cover, areas with higher erosion potential, steep areas, and areas with socially vulnerable communities. This review was crucial to identify efficient water resource conservation strategies and potential challenges in the implementation and development of PES programs.

Hydrological adjustment and flooding control of wetlands in the Liaohe Delta

The function of estuary wetland on hydrological adjustment and flooding control is studied in this paper. It is estimated that the evapotranspiration in the reed field during growth season(June to October) is 722.9 mm, which is 37.5% higher than large water body(E 601∶525.9 mm). The water replacement rate in the reed field can reach 95% only when the rains continuously for 11 days and the precipitation reached 912 mm. For the water balance in the paddy field, the total water requirement ranges between 1920 and 1860 mm, among which, 31% is from precipitation, and the left is provided by reservoirs. The water usage efficiency is 0.35 at present productivity. Based on the landscape characteristics and functionalities on flooding control, 5 functional zones are designed for the Liaohe Delta: key protected area; underground storage area; flooding discharge area; flood diversion area in emergency; and flood control drainage area.