A New Fossil Erinaceidae from the Shajingyi Area in the Lanzhou Basin, China

Here,we describe a new primitive Erinaceidae species,Oligoechinus lanzhouensis n.gen.n.sp.,based on a specimen from late Oligocene strata of the Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province.Its characteristics are as follows:the M1 width is longer than the length,the metastyle extends far disto-labially,the posterior margin has strong curve and a distinct metaconule that is connected to the protocone by a postprotocrista is located in the centre of the tooth.The posterior arm of the metaconule is poorly developed.In the P4,the pterion of the metastyle is less developed and the metacone is carinate.In addition,O.lanzhouensis has a premolar larger than the canine tooth(P2>C)and P3 had no molarisation,characters also possessed by Erinaceus.Overall,O.lanzhouensis was similar to Mioechinus based on architectural tooth features,demonstrating a closed genetic relationship.Fossil Erinaceidae are relatively rare before the Miocene.The discovery of O.lanzhouensis provides an important insight into the origin of Mioechinus in China and the early evolution of the Erinaceidae.Our analysis shows that a relatively recent ancestor of Mioechinus had probably existed in the early Oligocene and that O.Lanzhouensis was likely an ancestral type of Mioechinus gobiensis,and its systematic position should be located at a transitional position between Amphechinus and Mioechinus.

Magnetochronology of Mid-Miocene mammalian fauna in the Lanzhou Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau:Implications for Asian mammal migration

The Quantougou(QTG) Fauna in central Lanzhou Basin is an important late Mid-Miocene fauna on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin,but its numerical age remains a matter of debate.Here,we present a new magnetostratigraphic record for a fluvio-lacustrine section to further constrain the age of the QTG Fauna.Results suggest that the studied section spans from polarity chrons C5Cn.2n to C5 n.2n or C5 An.1n,with ages of ca.16.5 Ma to 10 Ma or 16.5 Ma to 12 Ma.The QTG Fauna is located at the top of polarity chron C5r.3 r or C5 Ar.2 r,which corresponds to an age of 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma for the fauna.Accordingly,the associated Myocricetodontinae(a subfamily of Gerbillidae,Rodentia) is suggested to have appeared in the Lanzhou Basin at 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma,which is the oldest Myocricetodontinae in East Asia but is still much younger than the ~20 Ma appearance of this subfamily in West and South Asia.Our age data support the interpretation that East Asian Myocricetodontinae originated from South Asia.The QTG fauna further suggest a dry and open grassland environment,which is consistent with global cooling after the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum.

Magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin

The Tertiary deposits of the Yongdeng section, the Lanzhou Basin were studied by means of magnetostrati-graphy. The magnetostratigraphic sequences from Paleocene to Miocene were established, and the time scale for the corresponding stratigraphy and mammalian faunas was also established by referring to their correlation to the GPTS of BKSA95 (The geomagnetic polarity time scale which was thoroughly revised and updated by Berggreen et al. in 1995). In the end the paleoenvironmental records and their relationship with the uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau were discussed. The results are as follows. The top boundary of the Xiliugou Formation is dated to be 51 Ma, i.e. Eocene. TheYehucheng Formation covers the time span of 51-31.5 Ma, i.e. from late Early Eocene to early Early Oligocene. The Xianshuihe Formation covers the time span of 31.5-15 Ma, i.e. from Early Oligocene to Middle Miocene. The lower member of the Xianshuihe Formation spans from 31.5 to 20.0 Ma, i.e. from Early Oligocene to early Early

Palaeogene fossil Populus leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Fur-thermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different en-vironments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid cli-matic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lati-tudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of fea-tures. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present dis-covery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Magneto-and pedo-stratigraphy of paleosol-loess sequences in the Lanzhou Basin:Evidence for evolution of Huang He

Results of magnetopedostratigraphic study of three sections of loess in the LanzhouBasin are significant. (1) The oldest aeolian loess deposited on pediment in the Lanzhou Basindates back to 1.8 Ma, indicating the end of erosion development. (2) The highest (also oldest)terrace T7 is identified and dated at about 1.7 Ma. Huang He began developing (about 1.8-1.7 Ma)after dissection of the pediment and before the oldest terrace formed. The incision rate of HuangHe varied with time. Its two peak periods are from 1.8 to 1.7 Ma BP and from 0.15 Ma BP topresent, corresponding to episodic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

Nanpoping fauna of the Lanzhou Basin and its environmental significance

季风干旱的环境系统开始在渐新世期间开发了的亚洲人，而是干旱地区边界的准确位置在渐新世是不明确的。石块哺乳动物集合能被用来估计一个区域的环境。有在从 Lanzhou 盆的渐新世阶层的 Nanpoping 动物志的哺乳动物的二种尺寸：小的是象 Ctenodactylidae 那样的草地啮齿类动物；大的是象 Paraceratherium 和 Paraentelodon 那样的森林居民。在 Nanpoping 动物志识别的哺乳动物的 23 种类， ~40% 是森林居民和剩余的(~60%) 是草地 taxa。Nanpoping 动物志在到南方的 Linxia 区域与在到北方和 Jiaozigou 动物志的 Danghe 区域的同时期的 Dingdanggou 动物志相比。Nanpoping 动物志包含两另外的动物志的元素并且因此代表在森林和草地之间的一个过渡集合。那么，在中国的干旱地区的南部的边界可能在渐新世期间在 Lanzhou 盆附近，这能被推断。

Petrography,geochemistry and provenance of the sediments of the Early Cretaceous Yanguoxia Formation,Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Northwest China

Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is situated on the middle Qilian orogenic belt. Yanguoxia Formation contains abundance of maroon siltstones, mudstones and red sandstones of the lake facies. These sedimentary rocks recorded the process of the tectonic uplift of Qilian Mountains during the Early Cretaceous. We discovered plentiful dinosaur footprints, worm burrows, bird footprints, worm tracks-trails, ripple marks and cross lamination in the Yanguoxia site. Integrated petrographic studies classified sandstones of Yanguoxia Formation as feldspathic litharenite. All plots in the QFL(Q or Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and Qm FLt(Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) diagrams fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and quartzose recycled field, respectively, implying the source occurred the tectonic activity. Furthermore, geochemical study indicates that the Yanguoxia standstone was formed in an unstable continental setting due to the northwards movement of Indian Plate triggered the collision between the Qilian fold belt and the Qinlingfold belt. These sediments were derived from a mixed source and then deposited in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Most of the felsic components were derived from the granitoid rocks of the Qilian Mountains due to the rapid and intense uplift during the Early Cretaceous while the mafic components were contributed by the basic and ultrabasic rocks of the rapidly rising ophiolite in the Qilian Mountain area. Bivariant log-log plot of Qp/(F+L)(Qp, polycrystalline quartz) against Q/(F+L) shows that Yanguoxia Formation was deposited in the semihumid and semi-arid. Moreover, the pollen also exhibits that the environmental condition during the deposition of Yanguoxia Formation was warm and wet, which affirm such environment was benefit to dinosaur survival. Geochemical study also infers that the Yanguoxia Formation was deposited under the oxidizing condition in a shallow marine environment. The minerals identified from the X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis of shale and siltstone samples are 4.74%-33.53% clays, 23.45%-41.70% carbonates and 33.99%-71.81% quartz, respectively, which infer that depositional conditions remained uniform during the formation of shales or siltstones of Yanguoxia Formation.

考虑地震波输入差异的二维兰州盆地地震效应研究

利用谱元法和多次透射边界相结合的数值模拟方法,探讨了不同地震波输入时,具有大盆地内嵌小盆地特征的二维兰州盆地构造对地表地震波传播、地表峰值加速度(PGA)及其放大系数,以及频域放大特征等影响,分析了地表地震动的放大特征与盆地横向不均匀构造之间的关系。结果表明:1)当输入波的卓越频率接近小盆地最深处的一阶自振频率时,小盆地发生整体共振现象,进而显著改变地震动或放大系数的分布特征。大盆地边缘形成的次生面波在进入更为松散的小盆地时分化为波速差别显著的两阶面波,且盆地较陡一侧边缘形成的面波强度更大。2)无论何地震波入射,盆地内的最强烈地震动集中于小盆地边缘区域,大盆地较陡一侧边缘上方的区域是次强烈地震动放大区,而盆地基底倾角较缓的一侧边缘区域基本无边缘效应。3)兰州盆地基底形状对地震动的分布特征影响强烈,盆地地表地震动的放大系数受输入波的影响明显。4)水平和垂直分量的地震动及放大系数分布特征差别显著,垂直分量上在大盆地较陡一侧边缘及小盆地内形成两个显著放大区,最强烈放大效应区域靠近小盆地中心,而水平分量上的强烈放大区域主要出现在小盆地内的边缘区域。此外,地表不同位置处的频域放大特征也存在明显差别。

兰州不同城镇功能区地下水氟赋存特征及影响因素

高氟地下水对生态环境及人类健康存在潜在威胁。城镇化地区受地质背景与人类活动双重影响,地下水中氟的来源及其分布较为复杂,探讨地下水中氟的赋存特征对于保障地下水供水安全具有重要意义。以西北干旱区最大的工业城市兰州为例,采用数理统计、离子比、饱和指数分析等方法,研究了兰州不同城镇功能区高氟地下水的赋存环境特征及主要水文地球化学过程,阐明了人为活动对氟化物迁移富集的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区地下水中F-的质量浓度介于0~4.8mg/L之间,超出地下水质量Ⅲ类标准(1.0mg/L)的高氟水共计13组,超标率为20.3%。(2)受人类活动强度与不同人为源输入影响,不同城镇功能区地下水中氟的赋存特征差异明显,其中西固工业区地下水中氟含量最高,高氟地下水样品占47.4%;城关老城区和断陷盆地新城区地下水中的氟含量相对较低,高氟地下水占比依次为7.1%和9.7%。(3)研究区高氟地下水以SO_(4)•Cl—Na和Cl•SO_(4)—Na型水为主,表现出贫钙富钠弱碱性特点。(4)含氟矿物的溶解、方解石与白云石的沉淀/溶解、黏土矿物表面钙与钠之间的阳离子交换、强烈的蒸发浓缩作用和盐效应是导致研究区地下水中氟化物富集的主要水文地球化学过程。研究表明城镇化、工业化导致天然高氟水进一步劣变恶化,工业废水的泄漏是西固工业区地下水氟浓度升高的重要驱动力。结果可为高氟背景区人为干扰下的氟化物迁移富集研究提供借鉴。

强省会视域下黄河流域兰州段生态治理研究

兰州市是黄河上游的中心城市,也是黄河唯一穿城而过的省会城市,为了保护区域生态环境,黄河流域兰州段需要持续开展生态治理。本文结合黄河流域兰州段目前采取的生态治理措施,分析生态治理存在的主要问题,然后提出强省会视域下生态治理的优化策略。总体来说,要深入贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想,立足新发展阶段,完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念,加快构建新发展格局,深入推进流域综合治理。作为黄河流域的重要节点城市,兰州市要牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念,落实黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略,严守生态保护红线,强化区域生态建设,积极探索富有地域特色的高质量发展新路子,努力打造黄河上游生态建设引领区和生态治理示范区,实施强省会战略,强化黄河上游中心城市的地位。

基于耦合协调度的黄河流域兰州段城市绿地系统优化布局研究

本研究主要关注基于耦合协调度模型的黄河流域兰州段城市绿地系统的优化布局问题。采用GIS技术和耦合协调度模型,对兰州市的城市绿地系统进行了详细的分析和评估。研究结果表明,通过优化布局,可以有效提高兰州市的环境质量和居民生活质量。

青藏高原东北部兰州盆地新生代沉积相与古环境演化

兰州盆地是青藏高原东北缘系列盆地中最早接受沉积的地区之一,也是探讨高原隆升与古气候演化的理想场所。通过大量野外露头观察,综合岩石学特征、古生物化石及沉积地球化学等多种指标,对兰州盆地始新世—中中新世沉积演化进行了全面研究。结果表明,兰州盆地始新统西柳沟组桔红色、砖红色砂岩应属于风成沙漠沉积,而非前人认为的扇三角洲或河湖相沉积。西柳沟组沉积之后,兰州盆地进入河流—三角洲—湖泊演化阶段:始新世—渐新世早期(野狐城组沉积期)气候总体干热,形成以滨浅湖(含干盐湖)为主、间或出现小规模三角洲的沉积格局;早渐新世晚期(咸水河组沉积早期)开始发育三角洲沉积,之后水体范围逐渐扩大,至晚渐新世浅湖沉积发育,该时期古环境由半干旱半湿润的开阔林地—灌丛演变为干旱气候背景下的灌丛—草原。早中新世初期(咸水河组沉积中期)发育三角洲平原沉积,之后快速过渡为三角洲前缘—浅湖沉积,代表了湖盆在新生代最后一次扩张,古气候以半干旱为主;中中新世(咸水河组沉积晚期),湖盆逐渐萎缩消亡,兰州盆地整体演变为河流相沉积,仅在局部残存小型洼地,古环境仍为温带半干旱的灌丛—草原。

基于兰州断陷盆地地热地质条件的石佛沟地热资源潜力评估

针对兰州石佛沟景区地热地质条件勘探研究程度较低,严重制约当地地热资源开发利用这一问题,在充分搜集整理已有资料的基础上,总结了兰州断陷盆地地热地质条件和热储特征,结合可控源音频大地电磁测深法(CSAMT)探测结果,推断了盆地东部南段石佛沟的地热资源开发潜力。结果表明:(1)分别以深沟桥(F5)、雷坮河(F8)隐伏断裂为界,兰州断陷盆地地热地质条件具有明显差异性,可分为西部西固城区、中部七里河区、东部城关—石佛沟区;(2)平面上由西向东不同深度的热储温度呈增加趋势,垂向上2000~2500 m深度的地热增温率升高,可推断为兰州断陷盆地地热开采的基本深度;(3)东部南段的石佛沟景区潜存层状传导型地热和断裂带状地热资源,层状地下热水赋存于兰州断陷盆地南部边缘地段,断裂带状地下热水赋存于F2断裂破碎带或F2与F8断裂的交汇地段,据此推断在石佛沟景区可能存在层状和带状“复合型”地热水的富集地段。研究建议断裂带状热储层的地热水勘探开采井深度可按800~1100 m考虑,“复合型”层状热储层的勘探开采井深度可按1500~2000 m考虑;预测该地段地下热水井口出水温度可达50~60°C,单井涌水量可达500~1000m^(3)/d,热水水质可达到医疗洗浴质量标准。结果可为当地地热资源勘探和开发利用提供依据。

兰州盆地永登剖面记录的第三纪沉积环境

对兰州盆地永登剖面第三系沉积进行了沉积学研究、并结合年代学研究结果分析了新生代以来沉积环境变化与气候变化。古新世末至早始新世沉积了一套扇三角洲相沉积 (细柳沟组 ) ,为具交错层理的砖红色砂岩 ,顶界年龄约 5 1Ma。兰州地区在 5 1MaB .P .经历了一次大的环境变化 ,气候由相对温暖湿润转为半干旱半湿润 ,气候炎热 ,湖盆由淡水湖转为盐湖 ,蕴示着由副热带高压控制的干旱带北移 ,兰州地区进入受行星风系控制的干旱带。早始新世晚期至早渐新世早期 ( 5 1～ 31.5MaB .P .) ,在近 2 0Ma时间内经历了微咸湖—盐湖阶段 (野狐城组 ) ,砂泥岩沉积中含有大量石膏夹层。早渐新世 ,兰州地区向湿润方向转化 ,兰州盆地由咸水湖转化为淡水湖 ,可能反映了东南季风逐渐形成 ,中国大陆由早先行星风系控制转化为季风控制 ,前期东南方向干旱带消失 ,西北干旱带出现 ,兰州地区相对早先湿润。早渐新世中期至中中新世 ( 31.5～ 15MaB .P .) ,兰州盆地在经历了三次大的沉积旋回后湖盆逐渐干枯 ,三个大旋回分别由河流相砂岩—微咸水滨湖相砂泥岩、泛滥平原相泥岩 ,河流相砂岩—淡水滨湖相砂泥岩—沼泽相、泛滥平原相泥岩 ,河流相砂岩—沼泽相、泛滥平原相泥岩组成。 2 0MaB .P盆地接受大量砂砾石沉积 。

兰州东盆地最近1.2Ma的黄河阶地序列与形成原因

毗邻青藏高原的兰州地区的黄河阶地系列是地面抬升和气候变化的信息载体。通过古地磁、光释光测年及黄土一古土壤地层序列对比，初步确定了兰州东盆地1．2Ma以来主要有两个阶地发育时期。第1个时期是1．24—0．86Ma，黄河至少发育了4级阶地，其形成时代分别为：1．24Ma，1．05Ma，0．96Ma和0．86Ma；第2时期为最近0．13Ma，黄河发育3级阶地，时代分别为0．13Ma，0．05Ma和0．01Ma。每级阶地河漫滩顶部都有一层古土壤发育，表明黄河下切形成阶地发生在古土壤开始发育的冰期向间冰期的过渡阶段，但是并非1．2Ma以来的每次冰期一间冰期的气候交替都能引起黄河下切形成阶地。气候变化只是阶地形成的必要条件之一，不是充分条件。对比黄河下切速率和阶地年代序列发现，地面上升仍然是影响黄河下切的重要因素。只有在地面上升速率达到一定程度的时候（例如：1．2～0．8Ma和最近0．13Ma），气候变化才能导致黄河堆积与下切交替形成阶地；而在地面上升缓慢时期（例如：0．80—0．13Ma），即使发生了大幅度的气候变化，黄河也没有阶地记录。

兰州盆地永登剖面晚古新世—早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物的特征及其古气候指示意义

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析方法,对兰州盆地永登剖面晚古新世—早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物的相对含量、伊利石结晶度、显微形貌及其古气候意义进行深入研究。结果表明:晚古新世—早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和少量的坡缕石,其中伊利石的含量最高,而且从晚古新世到早渐新世,沉积物中伊利石的含量呈明显升高的趋势,蒙脱石则呈明显减少的趋势;在大约55 Ma处伊利石含量急剧减小,而蒙脱石含量急剧增大。此外,可见到毛发状的自生坡缕石沿蒙脱石晶片边缘交代生长,而碎屑成因的坡缕石则主要呈破碎的短棒状。粘土矿物分布特征表明,兰州盆地晚古新世—早渐新世的古气候以干旱为主导,并且经历了由相对温暖湿润到半干旱半湿润或干旱炎热的转变,这种气候转型主要受全球气候的影响,即受行星风系的控制;而在大约55 Ma处伊利石、蒙脱石的含量变化则记录了全球性的PETM事件。

兰州黄河Ⅱ和Ⅲ级阶地的地层结构、年龄及环境意义

通过对兰州段黄河Ⅱ和Ⅲ级阶地剖面的地层岩性、粒度分析和光释光测年等,认为剖面中被普遍界定为河漫滩沉积的一套厚几米至几十米具水平层理的细粒砂土层是以冲、洪积与黄土互层的交互式沉积,其开始沉积的时期与气候进入冰期或冰阶相对应。据此可将兰州段黄河阶地剖面地层划分为三部分,即:河流砂砾石层、加积层与风成黄土层,分析了这一地层结构的发育过程,指出沉积相的识别和划分对于阶地研究具有重要意义。

兰州盆地黄河800ka B.P.阶地的发现及其古地磁年代

兰州东盆地的枣树沟黄河第四级阶地(T4),砾石层顶高出黄河河面84 m,其上堆积厚约64 m的风成黄土,黄土地层中包括八层古土壤,最底部发育了古土壤S8。光释光(OSL)测年结果显示古土壤S1上部的年龄为70.4±7.6 ka。黄土古土壤对比以及磁性地层学研究表明,枣树沟T4上覆风成黄土的年龄为865 ka,T4至少形成于865 ka B.P.。

刘家峡黄河巨龙:中国甘肃兰州盆地下白垩统河口群一新蜥脚类恐龙化石

本文记述了2004年发现于甘肃兰州盆地下白垩统河口群一个化石点的蜥脚类恐龙化石。新标本的荐椎独特,神经脊非常低并在其顶端横向扩展,代表蜥脚类恐龙一新属种刘家峡黄河巨龙。分支系统分析发现黄河巨龙为一原始巨龙型类蜥脚类。

兰州盆地渐新世沉积物岩石磁学性质探究

我国西北地区出露大量富含哺乳动物化石的"第三纪红层",探明这些地层的岩石磁学特征对进一步开展磁性地层、环境磁学和古气候学研究具有重要意义.本文对青藏高原东北缘兰州盆地渐新世地层进行了详细的岩石磁学研究,分别确定了咸水河组下部砂岩和泥岩中磁性矿物含量、种类及其在加热过程中的转变;并结合X射线衍射,漫反射光谱和粒度分析等非磁学手段,揭示了磁性矿物种类与沉积环境的关系.结果表明,剖面底部和顶部的砂岩为河道沉积,磁性矿物含量较低,主要为高矫顽力的赤铁矿和针铁矿;中部泥岩为湖相沉积,指示了一个相对稳定的静水沉积环境,其磁性矿物含量比砂岩要高,不仅含有高矫顽力的赤铁矿和针铁矿,也含有低矫顽力的磁铁矿.在岩石磁学和环境磁学结果的基础上,结合野外考察和古生物证据,我们推测兰州盆地在晚渐新世为半湿润半干旱的气候条件,这为赤铁矿的生成提供了有利条件,导致盆地中富含赤铁矿的红色泥岩广泛发育.