烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius对储存烟叶危害损失的初步研究

研究了不同数量的烟草甲成虫繁殖1代和2代后代的幼虫数量、危害损失烟叶重量与成虫数量的关系.结果表明,因幼虫危害损失的烟叶重量随虫量的增加而增加,二者呈直线关系.烟叶切丝后的长丝率、中丝率、短丝率和烟沫率与成虫数量亦成直线相关,随着虫量的增加,长丝率减少,中丝率、短丝率和烟沫率增加.将供试成虫对数与繁殖1代和2代幼虫危害损失烟叶重量及幼虫危害后的出丝率进行理论曲线拟合,经F检验,方程代表性均好.

Killing Effect of Mixed Fumigation of Phosphine and Carbon Dioxide on Eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the killing effect of mixed fumi- gation of phosphine and carbon dioxide on eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F. [Method] The outside-storage phosphine generator was placed in a tabernacled smoke box, and the mortality rates of L. serricome F. eggs in the smoke box under conditions of different aluminium phosphide usage amount and different fumigation time were studied. In addition, the times needed by tabernacle and smoke box cen- ter to reach the phosphine concentration peak were recorded. [Result] The optimum conditions for killing the eggs of L. serricorne were as follows： temperature of （27± 2） ℃, relatively humidity of （45±5）%, aluminium phosphide usage amount of 1.5 g/m3 and effective exposure time of 96 h. The killing effect of mixed fumigation of phos- phine and carbon dioxide was increased with the extension of fumigation time. The increased usage amount of aluminium phosphide showed no significant effect on killing effect. The tabernacle space and smoke box center all required relatively short time to reach the phosphine concentration peak. If the tabernacle had a good airtightness, the overall fumigation time could be shortened. [Conclusion] The fumi- gation method is reliable, and it can be used for the control of L. serricorne F. in tobacco storage.

Behavioral Response of Lasioderma serricorne to Materials from Cinnamomum camphora

The attractiveness of Cinnamomum camphora(Laurales: Lauraceae) blocks and essential oil to Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Anobiidae) adults was investigated. The results showed that the behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults to C. camphora blocks significantly increased with increasing doses above the dose of 0.8 g. The highest behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults were 93.33% to C. camphora blocks and 81.67% to C. camphora essential oil, respectively. C. camphora blocks had stronger attractiveness to L. serricorne adults than C. camphora oil. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness to control L. serricorne in practice of C. camphora blocks and C. camphora oil deserve to be further investigated.

烟草甲抗菌肽基因Defensin的鉴定及响应细菌的表达模式分析

本研究旨在阐明烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne Defensin(LsDef1和LsDef2)基因在响应细菌侵染过程中的功能。利用生物信息学分析了LsDef1和LsDef2编码蛋白的结构、特征和系统进化关系。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测LsDef1和LsDef2在烟草甲不同发育阶段(卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、4龄幼虫、蛹、成虫)、4龄幼虫不同组织(脂肪体、表皮、中肠、血细胞和马氏管)、病原微生物诱导情况、细菌及细菌细胞壁成分胁迫后的表达模式。序列比对发现烟草甲LsDef1和LsDef2具有典型的6个半胱氨酸,形成3对二硫键,属于β防御素。RT-qPCR显示LsDef1和LsDef2基因在烟草甲不同发育阶段均有表达,在幼虫4龄处于高水平表达;主要表达组织为脂肪体(Fat body)和血细胞(Hemocyte),其次为表皮和中肠,而在马氏管的表达水平最低。外来病原物诱导后,LsDef1和LsDef2基因表达量显著增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus诱导最为敏感,进一步得细菌和细菌细胞壁成分诱导表达模式显示金黄色葡萄球菌诱导高峰期出现在诱导后6 h;PGN-SA诱导表达高峰期为3 h。烟草甲LsDef1和LsDef2是一类可被革兰氏阳性菌诱导的抗菌肽,研究结果为进一步研究昆虫防御素类抗菌肽的功能奠定了基础。

Identification and immune analysis of antimicrobial peptides from the cigarette beetle(Lasioderma serricorne)

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in insects are endogenous peptides that are effector components of the innate defense system of the insect.AMPs may serve as antimicrobial agents because of their small molecular weight and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.In this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of cigarette beetle(Lasioderma serricorne)larvae,parasitized by the ectoparasitic wasp,Anisopteromalus calandrae.Several AMP genes were significantly upregulated following A.calandrae parasitism,postulating the hypothesis that the parasitization enhanced the host's resistance against pathogenic microorganisms through the regulation of host AMP genes.Specifically,3 AMP genes(LsDef1,LsDef2,and LsCole)were significantly upregulated and we studied their immune function in L.serricorne.Immune challenge and functional analysis showed that LsCole was responsible for the immune response against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,while LsDef1 and LsDef2 were involved in insect defense against Gram-positive bacteria.Purified recombinant LsCole exhibited antimicrobial activities against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.LsDef2 showed an antibacterial effect against S.aureus.LsCole and LsDef2 exhibited antibiofilm activity against S.aureus.The 2 AMPs disrupted cell membranes and caused leakage of S.aureus cell contents.The results indicated that the 3 AMPs in L.serricorne are involved in the innate immunity of this pest insect.These AMPs may have potential as antimicrobial agents for bacterial infection chemotherapy.Hence,data are discussed in relation to new control strategies with greater biosafety against pest insects with use of microbial biocontrol agents in combination with RNA interference against the insect's defensive AMP genes.

卷烟厂车间不同生产环境下烟草甲Lasioderma serricome(Fabricius)的发生规律初探

卷烟厂生产车间是实现烟草经济价值的重要地方,车间内部环境相对封闭且比较复杂。自卷烟厂首年投产开始,在车间内悬挂烟草甲Lasioderma serricome(Fabricius)(Coleoptera:Anobiidae)成虫性信息素诱捕器以对烟草甲成虫进行长期监测。4年监测结果表明,烟草甲在广东卷烟厂各生产车间内全年均有发生;在卷烟厂投产的第3年,各生产车间内烟草甲发生量突然出现急剧增加,呈爆发趋势,但在第4年迅速下降;不同生产车间内部环境的差异性导致烟草甲在各车间内的发生动态存在差异。卷烟生产过程中产生的烟尘和烟屑如不清理干净或者生产车间内消毒卫生不彻底,可引起烟草甲在生产车间内大发生。因此,卷烟厂生产车间的清洁卫生状况对于预防和控制烟草甲发生至关重要。

MicroR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 co-target Akt to regulate Lasioderma serricorne reproduction

High fecundity is a common characteristic of insect pests which increases the difficulty of population control.Serine/threonine kinase Akt is an indispensable component of the insulin signaling pathway.Silencing of LsAkt severely hinders reproduction in Lasioderma serricorne,a stored product insect pest.However,the post-transcriptional pathway of LsAkt in L.serricorne remains unknown.This study identified 2 binding sites of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 in the coding sequences of LsAkt.The expression profiles of 2 microRNAs(miRNAs)and LsAkt displayed an opposite pattern during the adult stages.Luciferase reporter assay showed that novel-mir50 and miR-9c-5p could downregulate the expression of LsAkt.Overexpression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of LsAkt and reduced oviposition,decreased egg hatchability,and blocked ovarian development.It also decreased the expression of genes involved in ovarian development(LsVg and LsVgR)and the nutritional signaling pathway(LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP),and reduced the phosphorylation of Akt.Conversely,injection of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 inhibitors induced the expressions of LsAkt,LsVg,LsVgR,LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP,enhanced Akt phosphorylation level,and accelerated ovarian development.Injection of bovine insulin downregulated the expression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 and upregulated the LsAkt expression.It also rescued the reproductive development defects associated with miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 overexpression,forming a positive regulatory loop of insulin signaling.These results indicate that miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 regulates the female reproduction of L.serricorne by targeting Akt in response to insulin signaling.The data also demonstrate the effects of the insulin/miRNA/Akt regulatory axis in insect reproduction.

烟草甲食物诱捕技术研究

利用多向诱捕陷阱,对烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)食物源粉末及食物源挥发性物质进行筛选,确定对烟草甲具有引诱作用的食物源粉末及食物源挥发性物质。结果表明,辣椒粉、茶类、当归粉在食物源粉末中对烟草甲表现出较强的引诱作用,α-紫罗兰酮在食物源挥发性物质中对烟草甲表现出较强的引诱作用。利用食物源粉末制作烟草甲食物诱捕装置,能够对卷烟生产车间烟草甲实现长效捕杀作用。利用食物源挥发性物质制作烟草甲食物源诱芯,将其与性信息素诱芯联用,能够起到11%的增效作用。

基于图像处理的烟草甲自动监测系统设计与应用

根据烟草仓储及卷烟生产车间的烟草甲自动监测需求,结合烟草甲[Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)]实际图像特征,在基于标记分水岭算法的基础上叠加分割图像算法,设计了基于图像处理的烟草甲自动监测系统,通过全自动拍照设备定时采集相应诱捕器图像,利用有线网络将图像传输至服务器,在服务器端完成图像识别与计数、实时展示、超标报警、历史曲线查看等功能,解决了烟草甲实际监测过程中虫板烟尘、虫体重合、光线等诸多干扰因素,实现了烟草甲精准的自动图像识别及计数功能。实际应用表明,该系统工作稳定,计数平均准确率大于94.00%,在卷烟生产车间烟虫监测上具有较好的应用前景。

基于电子鼻技术的烟丝受虫害前后挥发性成分差异分析

针对烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)中烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)检测技术不完善,检测结果不可靠等问题,以电子鼻检测结果为基础,通过主成分分析法(PCA)和Loading分析法对数据结果进行分析。结果表明,4种烟丝的主要挥发物质为硫类物质、短链烷烃、醇醚醛酮、小分子氮氧化合物等,虫样及性激素的主要挥发性物质是小分子氮氧化合物、硫化物。受虫害后烟丝中硫类化合物明显降低,在对无机硫化物敏感的传感器(W1W)中浓香虫害烟丝的响应值比浓香烟丝下降48.33%,清香虫害烟丝比清香烟丝下降59.48%;在对有机硫化物敏感的传感器(W2W)中浓香虫害烟丝的响应值比浓香烟丝下降35.72%,清香虫害烟丝比清香烟丝下降48.55%。PCA结果显示,4种烟丝样品表现出非常好的区分度,雌虫、雄虫样品在占比高达99.70%的主成分1上几乎没有差别。Loading分析结果显示,烟丝样品中气味主要成分为硫类物质,烟草甲虫样气味主要成分是小分子氮氧化物,其次为硫类物质。

电子束辐照对仓储烟叶菌虫害的防治效果及烟叶品质影响

使用200keV和10MeV电子加速器分别研究了电子束辐照对烟草中的烟草甲虫及细菌的杀灭效果以及对烟叶品质的影响。研究表明:通过电子束辐照可高效、快速实现烟叶内部所有菌虫的无害化,辐照后的烟叶在仓库验证中有良好的保持性,38 d内未检出任何菌落。辐照对烟叶的基本理化指标、有机酸含量及矿质元素含量无明显影响,过高能量会使烟叶中的新植二烯挥发损失,从589.91μg/g降至418.64μg/g,使其香气质量有一定程度降低。针对仓储烟叶的未来辐照实际应用,Fluka仿真结果表明,3MeV能量的电子束足以穿透现有烟叶堆积密度的整箱储运烟叶。

亚致死低温对烟草甲后代种群两性生命表参数的影响

【目的】低温处理是我国主要储烟害虫烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne的有效控制手段之一,但是在低温条件下烟草甲的种群动态及适应机制鲜有报道。昆虫的亚致死低温效应是我们了解昆虫适应低温的有效途径。本研究通过分析亚致死低温对烟草甲后代生命表参数的影响,以揭示烟草甲的低温适应能力和种群发展潜力。【方法】将烟草甲末龄幼虫暴露于-20℃下若干时长,构建时间-死亡率曲线,分别计算其死亡率为10%和50%的致死时间(即LT_(10)和LT_(50));然后分别构建烟草甲末龄幼虫经-20℃低温处理LT_(10)和LT_(50)时长后存活F_(1)代种群的年龄-龄期两性生命表。【结果】-20℃低温对烟草甲末龄幼虫的亚致死时间LT_(10)和LT_(50)值分别为5.32和12.84 min。在-20℃下暴露LT_(10)和LT_(50)时长后获得的F_(1)代种群,90%以上的个体存活并能完成整个生活史,其卵-成虫总寿命、雌成虫寿命及净繁殖率(R_(0))、内禀增长率(r_(m))和周限增长率(λ)均与28℃下饲养的对照种群无显著差异。但是,与对照相比,-20℃低温处理烟草甲末龄幼虫LT_(10)和LT_(50)时长显著降低了F_(1)代卵和1龄幼虫的起始生命期望值、F_(1)代1龄幼虫历期以及幼虫阶段的繁殖值,且使F_(1)代种群的雄性比例增大。【结论】-20℃低温处理烟草甲末龄幼虫LT_(10)和LT_(50)时长能够降低F_(1)代起始生命期望值和种群繁殖率,但是其种群结构和基本生命表参数正常。结果表明,烟草甲幼虫对低温具有较好的适应性,在经历低温处理后幸存个体能够再次迅速扩繁。

A case report:A rare case of infant gastrointestinal canthariasis caused by larvae of Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius,1792)(Coleoptera:Anobiidae)

Background:Canthariasis is a disease of humans caused by the infestation of beetle larvae.It is the second important insectal disease after myiasis.Several species of beetles are reported to cause the disease in gastrointestinal tract,urogenital system,nasal sinuses,ears and faces of mammals.The cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne is a widespread and destructive pest that usually feeds on tobacco,tea,beans,cereal grains,and animal and plant specimen.While there was no previous evidence of human infestation by this worm,we report the first case of L.serricorne infestation in a baby girl in China.Case presentation:Here the case,an eight-month-old baby girl with irritable feeling,rubbing eyes,history of contact with mud and eating oranges twice during five days before attendance,and having“worms”in her stool was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China.The clinical examination revealed that the pulse rate,blood pressure and temperature were regular,and the examination of the head,neck,and chest were unremarkable.The stool specimens containing“worms”were sent to the Department of Parasitology,Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-sen University.The worms were recovered,studied morphologically using naked eyes and anatomical lens,PCR analyzed targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(COX1)and 18S rRNA genes,examined by sequence analyses of the PCR products and finally classified by phylogenetic analysis to identify their species.Based on the findings,the worms were diagnosed as the larvae of L.serricorne.Conclusion:This report implies that the baby had an infestation with the larvae of L.serricorne in the gastrointestine.During contact with mud or eating oranges by the girl,worm eggs were swallowed into the stomach and resisted gastric acid digestion which eventually hatched into larvae and caused canthariasis.The 8 months girl had underdeveloped immune system which might facilitate the disease.This report implicates that L.serricorne can infest human accidentally and cause canthariasis that may lead to severe damage to infant and older patient upon involvement of important organs of the body.The patients once diagnosed having canthariasis should be treated in time.

Effect of Diet,Photoperiod and Host Density on Parasitism of Anisopteromalus calandrae on the Tobacco Beetle and Biological Parameters of the Parasitoid

Lasioderma serricorne is known to be pest of tobacco, besides of attacking other products in storage. Anisopteromalus calandrae is an ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae also parasitizing the tobacco beetle. This study was aimed to evaluate the parasitism of A. calandrae on different densities of L. serricorne larvae grown in different diets and photoperiods, and to record the longevity and reproductive potential of A. calandrae. Individuals of L. serricorne were raised in three diets: wheat flour (F);wheat flour and brewer’s yeast (FY) and wheat flour and dried tobacco (FT). Different amounts of host larvae (10, 20, 50 and 100) for each diet were exposed to a couple of parasitoids. The same larval densities from diet F were exposed for 24 h to a couple of adult parasitoids maintained in three photoperiods (0:24, 12:12 and 24:0 - scotophase: photophase). The highest values of apparent parasitism were in the density of 50 larvae in the FY diet (96.34%) and 100 F (92.91%). There was no significant difference in the parameters in each photoperiod in all larval densities. However, the treatment in which hosts and parasitoids always remained in scotophase, was the one that had a significantly higher sex ratio. Females had longer longevity than males surviving for up to 25 days. On the fourth day of larvae exposure occurred, the maximum number of offspring generated. It is inferred that A. calandrae has potential to be used as a control agent for coleopterans that attack stored products.

卷烟生产车间混合气调及低温杀虫技术研究

以烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)为研究对象,对比混合气调(N_(2)、CO_(2))及低温杀虫对卷烟生产设备的杀虫效果。结果表明,混合气调(N_(2)、CO_(2))杀虫技术可以使内层帐幕降至更低的氧气浓度(1.0%~1.2%),适宜浓度的二氧化碳(10%~20%)可刺激烟草甲加速呼吸,在更短的时间内(10 d)完全杀死烟草甲成虫和幼虫;采用低温杀虫,针对部分封闭性的卷烟生产车间虫源隐患点具有较好的杀虫效果。

千里香杜鹃提取物对赤拟谷盗、烟草甲和马铃薯茎线虫的防治作用

以千里香杜鹃枝、叶为实验材料,石油醚、甲醇、95%乙醇为提取剂,采用热浸法得到提取物,测试提取物对赤拟谷盗和烟草甲的触杀、熏蒸和拒食活性以及其对马铃薯茎线虫的毒杀活性,以此初步筛选出对赤拟谷盗、烟草甲和马铃薯茎线虫具有较好抗虫活性的提取物。结果表明:千里香杜鹃叶95%乙醇提取物对赤拟谷盗、烟草甲和马铃薯茎线虫具有明显杀虫活性(LD_(50)分别为15.32、16.18μg/头;LC_(50)=0.78 mg/mL);对赤拟谷盗具有明显拒食活性,在质量浓度2 mg/mL测试条件下,拒食率为78.17%。各提取物对赤拟谷盗和烟草甲无明显熏蒸活性。

烟草甲气味结合蛋白与驱避配体的分子对接

[目的]本文旨在利用分子对接技术研究烟草甲气味结合蛋白与驱避配体的分子对接,以研发烟草甲新型驱避剂。[方法]利用AlphaFold2软件预测11个烟草甲气味结合蛋白(LserOBP)的三维结构,并以11个LserOBP为受体和文献报道的对烟草甲具有驱避作用的14种分子为配体,利用Autodock Vina软件进行分子对接研究。[结果]通过AlphaFold2构建的11个LserOBP的三维结构中,LserOBP2、LserOBP4、LserOBP5、LserOBP6、LserOBP8和LserOBP9与配体芦丁的结合位点位于α-螺旋形成的疏水腔中,与其他物种已解析出的OBP和配体间的结合位点相似。LserOBP1、LserOBP3、LserOBP5、LserOBP6和LserOBP8与茴香烯、对甲基苯异丙醇、3-蒈烯、肉桂酸甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、避蚊胺、乙酸松油酯和芦丁均有较好的结合能力,这几种化合物具有开发为新型烟草甲驱避剂的应用前景。LserOBP与配体的结合能力可能与LserOBP的三维结构、配体的相对分子质量和其所含有的官能团有关。在一定的范围内,LserOBP与相对分子质量较大的配体结合能力更强。LserOBP可以与配体间形成疏水相互作用力、氢键、盐桥、π-π堆积和π-阳离子堆积,其中起主要作用的是疏水相互作用力和氢键,且苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸和丙氨酸可能在LserOBP行使识别、结合气味分子中发挥着重要作用。[结论]利用分子对接技术明确了烟草甲11个气味结合蛋白和14个驱避气味分子的相互作用关系,为开发烟草甲新型驱避剂奠定了基础。

烟草甲体内烟碱降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

从烟草甲体内筛选鉴定烟碱降解菌,并对其降解特性进行探索研究。通过梯度稀释法从烟草甲体内分离筛选出烟碱降解菌,并利用4种烟叶培养基进行复筛。通过16S rRNA基因测序以及生理生化实验进行菌种鉴定;通过全基因组序列分析和验证探究菌株的生物特性。再通过分子对接及RT-qRCR探究其生物学特性和应用潜力。从烟草甲中分离到1株显著降解烟碱的优势菌株J1,16S rRNA基因同源性和生化特征分析鉴定为Mixta,不同酶活性检测结果显示J1不产β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶。烟碱降解菌通过数据库进行功能注释,发现了菌株上存在的烟碱代谢通路以及烟碱代谢关键基因或酶,选择吡啶途径中J1具有的烟碱脱氢酶(NDH)进行分子对接和功能验证。通过RT-qPCR验证,1 g/L烟碱诱导J1 24 h,与对照相比,ndh基因相对表达量上调15.978倍。0.8%烟叶浸提液诱导J1 24 h,与对照相比,ndh基因相对表达量上调1.117倍。在烟草甲体内分离筛选高效降解烟碱细菌J1,验证了降解相关基因的功能,为烟碱降解菌的筛选提供了新思路,同时,丰富了降解烟碱微生物资源。

球孢白僵菌对象虫金小蜂安全性评价和亚致死效应研究

为明确球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana对烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)幼虫、成虫的致病力以及对象虫金小蜂Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)的安全性,本研究采用浸渍法测定球孢白僵菌对烟草甲和象虫金小蜂的LC_(10)、LC_(25)、LC_(50),以球孢白僵菌亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫象虫金小蜂成虫后,分析其F_(1)代实验种群生存、发育和繁殖的变化。结果表明:(1)在1×10^(9)孢子/mL的球孢白僵菌浓度下,烟草甲幼虫的致死率可达到92.62%,烟草甲成虫的致死率为100.00%,象虫金小蜂成虫的致死率可达98.73%,亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)分别为2.125×10^(5)和7.114×10^(5)孢子/mL。(2)受LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫处理象虫金小蜂成虫后,与对照相比,其F_(1)代产卵期由20.14 d缩短至16.5 d,成虫寿命由27.86 d缩短至19.67 d,产卵量由114.25粒减少至74.86粒,成虫前期由19.65 d延长至20.40 d,以上指标均差异显著。(3)受LC_(10)和LC_(25)浓度胁迫处理后,与对照相比,象虫金小蜂F_(0)和F_(1)代种群生存曲线均明显降低,F_(1)代雌蜂产卵高峰期与对照(12 d)相比,分别延后至28 d和20 d,F_(1)代种群的内禀增长率r_(m)由0.0972降低至0.0755,净增值率R_(0)由35.5200降低至14.1552,而种群倍增时间Dt延长2.0497 d。综上,球孢白僵菌对烟草甲和象虫金小蜂均有较高致病力,亚致死浓度球孢白僵菌胁迫对象虫金小蜂F_(1)代成虫的生长发育、繁殖力和成虫寿命均具有负面效应,且会抑制象虫金小蜂种群增长。因此,建议释放象虫金小蜂防治烟草甲时避免同时使用球孢白僵菌喷雾防治烟仓害虫。

基于YOLOv3改进算法的烟叶原料烟草甲识别方法研究

为了解决烟叶原料中烟草甲人工识别效率低、不准确的问题,实现烟草甲的精准、智能识别,提出一种基于YOLOv3改进算法的烟草甲识别模型。首先采用Random Mix数据增强技术扩充烟草甲数据集;然后,通过引入K-means++算法重新聚类锚框,改进YOLOv3对于烟草甲的识别能力;使用SIoU Loss改进YOLOv3的边界框损失函数,提高模型定位的准确性,加速模型收敛;最后加入特征细化模块过滤冲突信息,优化模型对烟草甲数据集中小目标识别的精准度。结果表明,改进的YOLOv3网络模型对测试集中烟草甲的平均检测精确率、召回率、F1分数和平均精度均值(mAP)分别达到93.26%、88.25%、0.90和94.59%,分别比现有的YOLOv3算法提高了12.21百分点、11.79百分点、0.12、12.40百分点,可为烟草甲的有效识别提供支撑。