In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes of vertical palpebral fissure height （VPFH） after unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Twenty-five and twenty-six patients who were candidates for lateral rectus mu...In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes of vertical palpebral fissure height （VPFH） after unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Twenty-five and twenty-six patients who were candidates for lateral rectus muscle recession were assigned into “with” and “without” intermuscular septum dissection study arms. The VPFH was measured at one-day before surgery and in two weeks and three months, postoperatively. Three months after surgery, significant increase of VPFH was observed in both groups （Paired t-test; P=0.005）. Also, less widening of VPFH was observed in “with intermuscular septum dissection” group （Change in VPFH in “with intermuscular septum dissection” vs “without intermuscular septum dissection” groups： 0.48 mm vs 1.34 mm; ANCOVA test; P〈0.001）. However, such results were not observed two weeks post-operatively （Change in VPFH in “with intermuscular septum dissection” vs “without intermuscular septum dissection” groups： -0.28 mm vs 0.28 mm; ANCOVA test; P=0.302）. Intermuscular septum dissection is recommended in lateral rectus muscle recession to partially prevent the undesirable increment of VPFH.展开更多
Chronic anal fissure(CAF)is a painful tear or crack which occurs in the anoderm.The optimal algorithm of therapy for CAF is still debated.Lateral internal sphincterotomy(LIS)is a surgical treatment,considered as the&#...Chronic anal fissure(CAF)is a painful tear or crack which occurs in the anoderm.The optimal algorithm of therapy for CAF is still debated.Lateral internal sphincterotomy(LIS)is a surgical treatment,considered as the'gold standard'therapy for CAF.It relieves CAF symptoms with a high rate of healing.Chemical sphincterotomy(CS)with nitrates,calcium blockers or botulinum toxin(BTX)is safe,with the rapid relief of pain,mild sideeffects and no risk of surgery or anesthesia,but is a statistically less effective therapy for CAF than LIS.This article considers if aggressive treatment should only be offered to patients who fail pharmacological sphincterotomy.Aspects of anal fissure etiology,epidemiology and pathophysiology are considered with their meaning for further management of CAF.A molecular model of chemical interdependence significant for the chemistry of CAF healing is examined.Its application may influence the development of optimal therapy for CAF.BTX is currently considered the most effective type of CS and discussion in this article scrutinizes this method specifically.Although the effectiveness of BTXvs LIS has been discussed,the essential focus of the article concerns identifying the best therapy application for anal fissure.Elements are presented which may help us to predict CAF healing.They provide rationale for the expansion of the CAF therapy algorithm.Ethical and economic factors are also considered in brief.As long as the patient is willing to accept the potential risk of fecal incontinence,we have grounds for the'gold standard'(LIS)as the first-line treatment for CAF.The author concludes that,when the diagnosis of the anal fissure is established,CS should be considered for both ethical and economic reasons.He is convinced that a greater understanding and recognition of benign anal disorders by the GP and a proactive involvement at the point of initial diagnosis would facilitate the consideration of CS at an earlier,more practical stage with improved outcomes for the patient.展开更多
A chronic anal fissure is a common perianal condition.This review aims to evaluate both existing and new therapies in the treatment of chronic fissures.Pharmacological therapies such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN),Diltia...A chronic anal fissure is a common perianal condition.This review aims to evaluate both existing and new therapies in the treatment of chronic fissures.Pharmacological therapies such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN),Diltiazem ointment and Botulinum toxin provide a relatively non-invasive option,but with higher recurrence rates.Lateral sphincterotomy remains the gold standard for treatment.Anal dilatation has no role in treatment.New therapies include perineal support devices,Gonyautoxin injection,fissurectomy,fissurotomy,sphincterolysis,and flap procedures.Further research is required comparing these new therapies with existing established therapies.This paper recommends initial pharmacological therapy with GTN or Diltiazem ointment with Botulinum toxin as a possible second line pharmacological therapy.Perineal support may offer a new dimension in improving healing rates.Lateral sphincterotomy should be offered if pharmacological therapy fails.New therapies are not suitable as first line treatments,though they can be considered if conventional treatment fails.展开更多
In order to enhance the flavor of chafing dish and increase the attraction of consumers,the poppy shell is reported to be illegally added to the condiments of chafing dish.In this research,a rapid,simple,and convenien...In order to enhance the flavor of chafing dish and increase the attraction of consumers,the poppy shell is reported to be illegally added to the condiments of chafing dish.In this research,a rapid,simple,and convenient method based on the classic immunochromatographic lateral flow strip(LFS)with gold nanoparticles(GNPs)labeling was developed for easy monitoring of morphine(MOP),an effective component of poppy shell.Under optimized conditions,this developed LFS can well realize the detection of target MOP in the condiments of chafing dish in less than 10 min without any complicated pre-treatments.The limit of detection(LOD)can be achieved as low as 0.1 ppb for standard MOP or the MOP spiked condiments of chafing dish.All these results of the research strongly demonstrate that this established LFS method can be successfully applied in practical rapid and accurate on-site screening of poppy shell in condiments of chafing dish.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdan...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chronic anal fissure is a benign disorder which is associated with considerable discomfort. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Work:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative results of open and closed internal lateral sphincterotomies in the short and medium term.</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patient and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We carried out a prospective randomized comparative study in the digestive and visceral surgery departments of Central Hospital of Yaounde over a period of 15</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months. Patients were evaluated for each technique by several variables, including duration of surgery, post-operative pain, recurrence, surgical wound infection, gas and/or stool incontinence, and healing time with follow-up up to 12</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months postoperatively.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 63 patients underwent surgery within them we had 32 open lateral internal sphincterotom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (group 1) and 31 closed lateral internal sphincterotom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (group 2). There were 35 men and 28 women with a sex ratio of 1.25. The mean age was 35.36 ± 10.16 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 62 years. The typical presentation was pain on defecation. The majority of fissures were located at the posterior commissure. The average duration of the procedure was longer in patients in group 1 (15.34 minutes) compared to 5.22 minutes in patients in group 2. We found 3.12% of surgical wound infections in patients in group 1 and neither patient in group 2. Gas incontinence was 6.45% in group 2 patients and 28.12% in group 1.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The mean intensity of pain at 24 hours post-operative was between</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4 and 6 on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">visual analogue scale in patients in group 2 and between 7 and 10 in group 1. Wound healing time was 8.9 days in group </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 4 days in group 2 patients. The hospital stay was 24 hours for both groups of patients. No recurrence was noted during the 6-month</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">follow-up period.</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Closed lateral internal anal sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissures because it is effective and associated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower complication rate than the open sphincterotomy technique.</span>展开更多
目的分析不同入路小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月丰城市人民医院收治的88例基底节区高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组44例。两组均行小骨窗开颅显微手术,...目的分析不同入路小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月丰城市人民医院收治的88例基底节区高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组44例。两组均行小骨窗开颅显微手术,对照组采用经颞叶皮质入路手术治疗,观察组采用经侧裂下Rolandic点-岛叶入路手术治疗,比较两组手术情况、血肿清除率、再出血率、术后并发症、术后1个月格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma score,GOS)分级情况及术后1、3、6个月的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(World Health Organization on quality of life brief scale,WHOQOL-BREF)评分。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流管放置时间、行大骨瓣减压例数、住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义;观察组开始手术至颅内压下降时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后24 h血肿清除率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组再出血率比较差异无统计学意义。观察组术后1个月预后良好率为81.82%,高于对照组的61.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,观察组NIHSS评分均低于对照组,WHOQOL-BREF评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为6.82%,低于对照组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经侧裂下Rolandic点-岛叶入路小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果显著,有助于提升血肿清除率,减少术后并发症发生率,促进术后神经功能的恢复,提高患者预后生存质量。展开更多
目的观察老年基底节区脑出血不同微侵袭手术方式的临床疗效。方法本研究为回顾性病例对照研究,收集2020年1月至2022年12月住院手术治疗的老年基底节区脑出血患者60例,采用神经内镜经额中回入路清除血肿的20例患者为内镜组;采用显微镜经...目的观察老年基底节区脑出血不同微侵袭手术方式的临床疗效。方法本研究为回顾性病例对照研究,收集2020年1月至2022年12月住院手术治疗的老年基底节区脑出血患者60例,采用神经内镜经额中回入路清除血肿的20例患者为内镜组;采用显微镜经侧裂入路清除血肿的20例患者为显微镜组;采用软通道穿刺置管引流术清除血肿的20例患者为穿刺组。观察3组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后术区残余血肿量、术后术区再出血例数、术后手术并发症发生情况;术前术后7 d格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分(NIHSS);术后6个月格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果3组患者术后7 d GCS、NIHSS评分较术前明显改善,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),内镜组和显微镜组明显优于穿刺组(P<0.05);3组患者术后6个月GOS评分差异有统计学意义,内镜组和显微镜组明显优于穿刺组(P<0.05);3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后术区残余血肿量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),穿刺组手术时间、术中出血量明显小于内镜组和显微镜组(P<0.05),但穿刺组术后术区残余血肿量明显多于内镜组和显微镜组(P<0.05);穿刺组术后术区再出血例数明显多于显微镜组(P<0.05);3组术后肺部感染和泌尿道感染例数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),穿刺组肺部感染、泌尿道感染、手术部位感染明显高于内镜组(P<0.05)。结论临床上要根据老年基底节区脑出血患者的具体情况选择手术方式,条件允许的情况下优先选择神经内镜直视下清除血肿,近期和远期疗效佳,术后并发症发生率低。展开更多
基金supported by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
文摘In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes of vertical palpebral fissure height （VPFH） after unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Twenty-five and twenty-six patients who were candidates for lateral rectus muscle recession were assigned into “with” and “without” intermuscular septum dissection study arms. The VPFH was measured at one-day before surgery and in two weeks and three months, postoperatively. Three months after surgery, significant increase of VPFH was observed in both groups （Paired t-test; P=0.005）. Also, less widening of VPFH was observed in “with intermuscular septum dissection” group （Change in VPFH in “with intermuscular septum dissection” vs “without intermuscular septum dissection” groups： 0.48 mm vs 1.34 mm; ANCOVA test; P〈0.001）. However, such results were not observed two weeks post-operatively （Change in VPFH in “with intermuscular septum dissection” vs “without intermuscular septum dissection” groups： -0.28 mm vs 0.28 mm; ANCOVA test; P=0.302）. Intermuscular septum dissection is recommended in lateral rectus muscle recession to partially prevent the undesirable increment of VPFH.
文摘Chronic anal fissure(CAF)is a painful tear or crack which occurs in the anoderm.The optimal algorithm of therapy for CAF is still debated.Lateral internal sphincterotomy(LIS)is a surgical treatment,considered as the'gold standard'therapy for CAF.It relieves CAF symptoms with a high rate of healing.Chemical sphincterotomy(CS)with nitrates,calcium blockers or botulinum toxin(BTX)is safe,with the rapid relief of pain,mild sideeffects and no risk of surgery or anesthesia,but is a statistically less effective therapy for CAF than LIS.This article considers if aggressive treatment should only be offered to patients who fail pharmacological sphincterotomy.Aspects of anal fissure etiology,epidemiology and pathophysiology are considered with their meaning for further management of CAF.A molecular model of chemical interdependence significant for the chemistry of CAF healing is examined.Its application may influence the development of optimal therapy for CAF.BTX is currently considered the most effective type of CS and discussion in this article scrutinizes this method specifically.Although the effectiveness of BTXvs LIS has been discussed,the essential focus of the article concerns identifying the best therapy application for anal fissure.Elements are presented which may help us to predict CAF healing.They provide rationale for the expansion of the CAF therapy algorithm.Ethical and economic factors are also considered in brief.As long as the patient is willing to accept the potential risk of fecal incontinence,we have grounds for the'gold standard'(LIS)as the first-line treatment for CAF.The author concludes that,when the diagnosis of the anal fissure is established,CS should be considered for both ethical and economic reasons.He is convinced that a greater understanding and recognition of benign anal disorders by the GP and a proactive involvement at the point of initial diagnosis would facilitate the consideration of CS at an earlier,more practical stage with improved outcomes for the patient.
文摘A chronic anal fissure is a common perianal condition.This review aims to evaluate both existing and new therapies in the treatment of chronic fissures.Pharmacological therapies such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN),Diltiazem ointment and Botulinum toxin provide a relatively non-invasive option,but with higher recurrence rates.Lateral sphincterotomy remains the gold standard for treatment.Anal dilatation has no role in treatment.New therapies include perineal support devices,Gonyautoxin injection,fissurectomy,fissurotomy,sphincterolysis,and flap procedures.Further research is required comparing these new therapies with existing established therapies.This paper recommends initial pharmacological therapy with GTN or Diltiazem ointment with Botulinum toxin as a possible second line pharmacological therapy.Perineal support may offer a new dimension in improving healing rates.Lateral sphincterotomy should be offered if pharmacological therapy fails.New therapies are not suitable as first line treatments,though they can be considered if conventional treatment fails.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.21475030,21804028)the Fundamental Research Fund for central university(Grants No.2017HGPA0162,JZ2018HGTA0205,PA2017GDQT0018)+2 种基金the grant of 2017YFF0208600,the China Agriculture Research System-48(CARS-48)Anhui Provincial Modern Argo-industry Tech.Research System(NYCYTX-2016-84)the S&T Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.15czz03109).
文摘In order to enhance the flavor of chafing dish and increase the attraction of consumers,the poppy shell is reported to be illegally added to the condiments of chafing dish.In this research,a rapid,simple,and convenient method based on the classic immunochromatographic lateral flow strip(LFS)with gold nanoparticles(GNPs)labeling was developed for easy monitoring of morphine(MOP),an effective component of poppy shell.Under optimized conditions,this developed LFS can well realize the detection of target MOP in the condiments of chafing dish in less than 10 min without any complicated pre-treatments.The limit of detection(LOD)can be achieved as low as 0.1 ppb for standard MOP or the MOP spiked condiments of chafing dish.All these results of the research strongly demonstrate that this established LFS method can be successfully applied in practical rapid and accurate on-site screening of poppy shell in condiments of chafing dish.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chronic anal fissure is a benign disorder which is associated with considerable discomfort. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Work:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative results of open and closed internal lateral sphincterotomies in the short and medium term.</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patient and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We carried out a prospective randomized comparative study in the digestive and visceral surgery departments of Central Hospital of Yaounde over a period of 15</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months. Patients were evaluated for each technique by several variables, including duration of surgery, post-operative pain, recurrence, surgical wound infection, gas and/or stool incontinence, and healing time with follow-up up to 12</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months postoperatively.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 63 patients underwent surgery within them we had 32 open lateral internal sphincterotom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (group 1) and 31 closed lateral internal sphincterotom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (group 2). There were 35 men and 28 women with a sex ratio of 1.25. The mean age was 35.36 ± 10.16 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 62 years. The typical presentation was pain on defecation. The majority of fissures were located at the posterior commissure. The average duration of the procedure was longer in patients in group 1 (15.34 minutes) compared to 5.22 minutes in patients in group 2. We found 3.12% of surgical wound infections in patients in group 1 and neither patient in group 2. Gas incontinence was 6.45% in group 2 patients and 28.12% in group 1.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The mean intensity of pain at 24 hours post-operative was between</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4 and 6 on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">visual analogue scale in patients in group 2 and between 7 and 10 in group 1. Wound healing time was 8.9 days in group </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 4 days in group 2 patients. The hospital stay was 24 hours for both groups of patients. No recurrence was noted during the 6-month</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">follow-up period.</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Closed lateral internal anal sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissures because it is effective and associated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower complication rate than the open sphincterotomy technique.</span>
文摘目的分析不同入路小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月丰城市人民医院收治的88例基底节区高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组44例。两组均行小骨窗开颅显微手术,对照组采用经颞叶皮质入路手术治疗,观察组采用经侧裂下Rolandic点-岛叶入路手术治疗,比较两组手术情况、血肿清除率、再出血率、术后并发症、术后1个月格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma score,GOS)分级情况及术后1、3、6个月的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(World Health Organization on quality of life brief scale,WHOQOL-BREF)评分。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流管放置时间、行大骨瓣减压例数、住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义;观察组开始手术至颅内压下降时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后24 h血肿清除率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组再出血率比较差异无统计学意义。观察组术后1个月预后良好率为81.82%,高于对照组的61.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,观察组NIHSS评分均低于对照组,WHOQOL-BREF评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为6.82%,低于对照组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经侧裂下Rolandic点-岛叶入路小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果显著,有助于提升血肿清除率,减少术后并发症发生率,促进术后神经功能的恢复,提高患者预后生存质量。
文摘目的观察老年基底节区脑出血不同微侵袭手术方式的临床疗效。方法本研究为回顾性病例对照研究,收集2020年1月至2022年12月住院手术治疗的老年基底节区脑出血患者60例,采用神经内镜经额中回入路清除血肿的20例患者为内镜组;采用显微镜经侧裂入路清除血肿的20例患者为显微镜组;采用软通道穿刺置管引流术清除血肿的20例患者为穿刺组。观察3组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后术区残余血肿量、术后术区再出血例数、术后手术并发症发生情况;术前术后7 d格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分(NIHSS);术后6个月格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果3组患者术后7 d GCS、NIHSS评分较术前明显改善,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),内镜组和显微镜组明显优于穿刺组(P<0.05);3组患者术后6个月GOS评分差异有统计学意义,内镜组和显微镜组明显优于穿刺组(P<0.05);3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后术区残余血肿量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),穿刺组手术时间、术中出血量明显小于内镜组和显微镜组(P<0.05),但穿刺组术后术区残余血肿量明显多于内镜组和显微镜组(P<0.05);穿刺组术后术区再出血例数明显多于显微镜组(P<0.05);3组术后肺部感染和泌尿道感染例数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),穿刺组肺部感染、泌尿道感染、手术部位感染明显高于内镜组(P<0.05)。结论临床上要根据老年基底节区脑出血患者的具体情况选择手术方式,条件允许的情况下优先选择神经内镜直视下清除血肿,近期和远期疗效佳,术后并发症发生率低。
