Preparation of multihollow P(St-MAA) particles by sequence soap-free/soap emulsion polymerization and followed by stepwise alkali/acid posttreatment

The effects of ionic emulsifier, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS), on the formation of the multihollow structures in sub-micron sized polymer particles produced by alkali/acid posttreatment were investigated. The original latex particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by a new sequence emulsifier-free/emulsifier emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA). Results indicated that the pore size decreased and the pore number increased with the increase of SDBS amount, and the morphology of the posttreated latex particles was also significantly influenced by the introducing time of SDBS in the preparation of the original latex particles, and a suitable introducing time was 3 h of polymerization. (c) 2007 Cheng You Kan. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

A New Kind of Void Soap-free P(MMA-EA-MAA) Latex Particles

Soap-free P(MMA-EA-MAA) particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), and large voids inside the particles were generated by alkali posttreatment in the presence of 2-butanone. Results indicated that the size of void and the particle volume were related with the amount of 2-butanone. The generation mechanism of voids was proposed.

Influences of Electrolytes on the Soap-free Emulsion Copolymerization of St-MMA-AA

Monodisperse functional polymer microspheres with different particle size and with clean surface were prepared by batch soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid in the presence of salts, and the influences of type and amount of electrolytes on polymerization process and particle morphology were investigated. Results showed that there was a critical concentration for different electrolyte to make polymerization process and the resultant emulsion stable, and the particle size increased with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The effect of metal ions was Ca^2＋〉〉K^＋〉Na^＋〉Li^＋, and the effect of haloids was Br〉Cl〉F. Keywords： Electrolyte, soap-free emulsion polymerization, polystyrene, latex particle morphology.

Thermal Emulsion Polymerization without any Conventional Initiators and Emulsifiers

Stable poly（styrene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate） （P（St-NaSS） nanoparticles with broader size distribution were synthesized by thermal emulsion polymerization without any conventional initiators and emulsifiers. The obtained polymer nanoparticles have higher potential, and the particle sizes have broad distribution. The stability of polymer particles originated from the addition of small amounts of ionic comonomer, NaSS, which can act as an emulsifier in somewhat. The monomer conversion could reach up to about 28 wt% in 48 h, and did not increase by further polymerization when higher polymerization temperature （120℃） was employed. This polymerization system may be give some further understand for mechanism of emulsion polymerization.

Self-assembly of latex particles for colloidal crystals

Self-assembly of latex particles is of great importance for fabricating various functional colloidal crystals. In this paper, we review recent research on the self-assembly of latex particles for colloidal crystals, covering the assembly forces and various assembly approaches of latex particles, including self-assembly by gravity sedimentation, vertical deposition, physical confinement, electric field, and magnetic field. Furthermore, some simple methods for assembling latex particles such as spin coating, spray coating, and printing are also summarized.

THE SYNTHESIS OF Ag-POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITE COATED LATEX PARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATION AS A FLUORESCENT QUENCHING AGENT

Submicron-sized Ag-polypyrrole/poly（styrene-co-methacrylic acid） （Ag-PPy/P（St-co-MAA）） composite particles were fabricated via a redox reaction between pyrrole and AgNO3 in the presence of P（St-co-MAA） soap-free latex. The products are characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, electron diffraction spectra （EDS）, Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results showed that Ag-PPy nanocomposites were in situ deposited onto the surface of P（St-co-MAA） latex particles tailored by carboxylic-acid groups. The nanocomposites of Ag-PPy distributed on the surface of polymer particles transformed from discretely dots to continuously coating as the reaction temperature increased from 15℃ to 60℃. Strawberry-like composite particles were obtained at the reaction temperature of 60℃. The TGA characterization confirmed that the Ag-PPy nanocomposites loading onto the P（St-co-MAA） particles were systematically controlled over a range of 6 wt%-42 wt% by changing the reaction temperatures. The fluorescence quenching effect of the Ag-PPy/P（St-co-MAA） composite particles was explored on Rhodamine B as a model molecule with the Stern-Volmer quenching constant Ksv of 5.9 × 104 （g/mL）-1. It is suggested that the fluorescence quenching effect is caused by the resonance energy transfer mechanism.

MONODISPERSED AND NANOSIZEDDENDRIMER/POLYSTYRENE LATEX PARTICLES

Emulsion polymerization of styrene was carried out using dendrimer DAB-dendr-(NH2)64 as seed. The size and size distribution of the emulsion particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the effects of emulsion polymerization conditions on the preparation of emulsion particle were investigated. It has been found that the nanosized dendrimer/polystyrene polymer emulsion particles obtained were in the range of 2664 nm in diameter, and were monodisperse; the size and size distribution of emulsion particles were influenced by the contents of dendrimer DAB-dendr-(NH2)64, emulsifier and initiator, as well as the pH value.

From Polymeric Nanoparticles to Dye-containing Photonic Crystals:Synthesis,Self-assembling,Optical Features, Possible Applications

1 Results Self-assembling of monodisperse polymeric nanoparticles is a perspective method of obtaining photonic crystalline materials for optoelectronics,telecommunication industry and optosensorics.For tuning optical characteristics of photonic crystals it is advisable to functionalize nanoparticles by dyes absorbing or emitting light in the vicinity of the photonic band gap,which position depends on the nanoparticle diameter.To prepare monodisperse nanoparticles with the dye-functionalyzed surface emu...

A new polystyrene-latex-based and EPS-containing synthetic sludge

Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge.