Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective man...Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).展开更多
AN elderly lady recently caused a major uproar across China. Liu Hongbin, a self-proclaimed traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert, was regularly seen on various television advertisements for medicine products. O...AN elderly lady recently caused a major uproar across China. Liu Hongbin, a self-proclaimed traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert, was regularly seen on various television advertisements for medicine products. On Tibet TV. she claimed to have inherited knowledge of traditional medicine practiced by the Miao ethnic minority group, professing to be an expert in curing coughs and asthma,展开更多
The rule of law is the basic form of national governance and the rule of law model is the necessary direction for the governance of online society.Online society is in essence a new pattern of social relationships and...The rule of law is the basic form of national governance and the rule of law model is the necessary direction for the governance of online society.Online society is in essence a new pattern of social relationships and structural forms comprising relationships among citizens,legal persons,organizational bodies,etc.,formed and brought together on the basis of Internet technology;and also a reflection,expansion and expression,singly or in synthesis,of various relationships in the fields of the real economy,politics,culture,society and the environment.The rule of law model of Internet governance refers to governance theories,systems and practices that employ rule of law thinking and the rule of law model to bring the elements,structures,procedures and functions of Internet governance into the scope of the rule of law and its operational track.Reviewing the tortuous course of the development of rule of law Internet governance in China,summarizing useful experience in the construction of rule of law Internet governance,and reflecting on existing legislative,law enforcement and judicial dilemmas will enable us to build up a rule of law system of online governance with comprehensive norms,effective implementation,strict supervision and strong guarantees.This will be marked by Chinese characteristics and will ensure the application of rule of law thinking and the rule of law model in governing,operating,using and safeguarding the Internet,thus achieving sound and orderly Internet operation and development along the path of the rule of law and advancing the modernization of the Internet governance system and governance capability.展开更多
Like domestic law, international law can be used in domestic governance, where it can become an important instrument assisting China＇s Party and government to rule the country and manage state affairs. Incorporating ...Like domestic law, international law can be used in domestic governance, where it can become an important instrument assisting China＇s Party and government to rule the country and manage state affairs. Incorporating part of international law into domestic law and comprehensively advancing the rule of law in accord with the principle of national sovereignty demonstrate the openness and international vision of China＇s rule of law construction. Translating these propositions into concrete institutional practice will be of vital significance for improving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, advancing the international rule of law and promoting world peace.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in 2012,XI Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has made a series of vital expositions on the promotion of modernization of t...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in 2012,XI Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has made a series of vital expositions on the promotion of modernization of the national governance system and capacity in line with the rule of law.The law is the most important tool for governing a country,and the rule of law supports the national governance process and capacity.Promoting the rule of law on all fronts is an essential requirement for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.Comprehensive law-based governance in all areas should be promoted to advance the modernization of national governance.Furthermore,law-based thinking and methods should be used to address difficulties and challenges faced in this modernization process.展开更多
Constructing a law-based government is a core element of the comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law in China, while using evaluation to catalyze growth is in line with the incentive principle of managem...Constructing a law-based government is a core element of the comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law in China, while using evaluation to catalyze growth is in line with the incentive principle of management studies. Since China started to implement reform and opening up over thirty years ago, rule of law development and organizational evaluation have gone through several stages, each with different characteristics. Efforts to build a law-based government have met with success, but what the country now has is essentially still goal-oriented assessment. At present, this suffers from the lack of a clear goal orientation or definition of functions, an imperfect technical system and unsound motivation mechanisms, not to mention the practical problems of each government department going its own way, duplicating evaluations or being left rudderless. Drawing on a combination of value rationality and instrumental rationality and using government performance evaluation to promote the building of a law-based government not only conforms to the spirit of the rule of law and value rationality in government performance, but also strengthens the role of evaluation as an instrument for organizational management. Therefore, we need to create new evaluation theories, expand public participation, introducing diversified evaluating entities, improve technical systems, strengthen institutional buildup, and foster a performance-based culture. In addition, replacing goal-oriented assessment with performance evaluation will help the emergence of a new discipline--the performance evaluation of rule of law government, thus promoting multidisciplinary efforts to integrate and create new public administration theories in China.展开更多
Saudi land has always been considered as sacred by Muslims,since the emergence and the cradle of Islam is Mecca to which all Muslims in the globe turn in their daily obligatory prayers.Millions of Muslims from all con...Saudi land has always been considered as sacred by Muslims,since the emergence and the cradle of Islam is Mecca to which all Muslims in the globe turn in their daily obligatory prayers.Millions of Muslims from all continents go to perform their annual pilgrimage function‘haj’in this Holy Shrine.Moreover,Saudi’s legal system and practices in respect to human rights has an impressive effect on the other members of the GCC.This paper probes constitutional human rights of Saudi Arabia.展开更多
文摘Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).
文摘AN elderly lady recently caused a major uproar across China. Liu Hongbin, a self-proclaimed traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert, was regularly seen on various television advertisements for medicine products. On Tibet TV. she claimed to have inherited knowledge of traditional medicine practiced by the Miao ethnic minority group, professing to be an expert in curing coughs and asthma,
基金the phased result of the special project “An Original Jurisprudence Theory of Social Governance”(Grant No.:16@ZH024)of the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘The rule of law is the basic form of national governance and the rule of law model is the necessary direction for the governance of online society.Online society is in essence a new pattern of social relationships and structural forms comprising relationships among citizens,legal persons,organizational bodies,etc.,formed and brought together on the basis of Internet technology;and also a reflection,expansion and expression,singly or in synthesis,of various relationships in the fields of the real economy,politics,culture,society and the environment.The rule of law model of Internet governance refers to governance theories,systems and practices that employ rule of law thinking and the rule of law model to bring the elements,structures,procedures and functions of Internet governance into the scope of the rule of law and its operational track.Reviewing the tortuous course of the development of rule of law Internet governance in China,summarizing useful experience in the construction of rule of law Internet governance,and reflecting on existing legislative,law enforcement and judicial dilemmas will enable us to build up a rule of law system of online governance with comprehensive norms,effective implementation,strict supervision and strong guarantees.This will be marked by Chinese characteristics and will ensure the application of rule of law thinking and the rule of law model in governing,operating,using and safeguarding the Internet,thus achieving sound and orderly Internet operation and development along the path of the rule of law and advancing the modernization of the Internet governance system and governance capability.
文摘Like domestic law, international law can be used in domestic governance, where it can become an important instrument assisting China＇s Party and government to rule the country and manage state affairs. Incorporating part of international law into domestic law and comprehensively advancing the rule of law in accord with the principle of national sovereignty demonstrate the openness and international vision of China＇s rule of law construction. Translating these propositions into concrete institutional practice will be of vital significance for improving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, advancing the international rule of law and promoting world peace.
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in 2012,XI Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has made a series of vital expositions on the promotion of modernization of the national governance system and capacity in line with the rule of law.The law is the most important tool for governing a country,and the rule of law supports the national governance process and capacity.Promoting the rule of law on all fronts is an essential requirement for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.Comprehensive law-based governance in all areas should be promoted to advance the modernization of national governance.Furthermore,law-based thinking and methods should be used to address difficulties and challenges faced in this modernization process.
文摘Constructing a law-based government is a core element of the comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law in China, while using evaluation to catalyze growth is in line with the incentive principle of management studies. Since China started to implement reform and opening up over thirty years ago, rule of law development and organizational evaluation have gone through several stages, each with different characteristics. Efforts to build a law-based government have met with success, but what the country now has is essentially still goal-oriented assessment. At present, this suffers from the lack of a clear goal orientation or definition of functions, an imperfect technical system and unsound motivation mechanisms, not to mention the practical problems of each government department going its own way, duplicating evaluations or being left rudderless. Drawing on a combination of value rationality and instrumental rationality and using government performance evaluation to promote the building of a law-based government not only conforms to the spirit of the rule of law and value rationality in government performance, but also strengthens the role of evaluation as an instrument for organizational management. Therefore, we need to create new evaluation theories, expand public participation, introducing diversified evaluating entities, improve technical systems, strengthen institutional buildup, and foster a performance-based culture. In addition, replacing goal-oriented assessment with performance evaluation will help the emergence of a new discipline--the performance evaluation of rule of law government, thus promoting multidisciplinary efforts to integrate and create new public administration theories in China.
文摘Saudi land has always been considered as sacred by Muslims,since the emergence and the cradle of Islam is Mecca to which all Muslims in the globe turn in their daily obligatory prayers.Millions of Muslims from all continents go to perform their annual pilgrimage function‘haj’in this Holy Shrine.Moreover,Saudi’s legal system and practices in respect to human rights has an impressive effect on the other members of the GCC.This paper probes constitutional human rights of Saudi Arabia.
