On the Criminal Law Protection of the Marine Ecological Environment

With the continuous and rapid development of the country’s economy and society,it has greatly promoted the leap of the marine economy and brought more severe challenges and tests to the protection of marine ecological environment.How to effectively measure the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment and take effective measures Measures to deepen the effects of marine ecological environmental protection have become one of the focus topics of widespread concern in the industry.Based on this,this article first introduces the protection of marine ecological interests in China’s criminal law,analyzes the necessity of adjusting the ecological environment in criminal law,and discusses the deficiencies in China’s marine legal system and combines relevant practical experience to improve the marine environment.Various angles and aspects,such as laws and regulations related to resource crimes,put forward the basic approach to strengthen the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment,and hope to help the practice of related work.

Research on Residents’Willingness to Protect Privacy in the Context of the Personal Information Protection Law:A Survey Based on Foshan Residents’Data

The Personal Information Protection Law,as the first law on personal information protection in China,hits the people’s most concerned,realistic and direct privacy and information security issues,and plays an extremely important role in promoting the development of the digital economy,the legalization of socialism with Chinese characteristics and social public security,and marks a new historical development stage in the protection of personal information in China.However,the awareness of privacy protection and privacy protection behavior of the public in personal information privacy protection is weak.Based on the literature review and in-depth understanding of current legal regulations,this study integrates the relevant literature and theoretical knowledge of the Personal Protection Law to construct a conceptual model of“privacy information protection willingness-privacy information protection behavior”.Taking the residents of Foshan City as an example,this paper conducts a questionnaire survey on their attitudes toward the Personal Protection Law,analyzes the factors influencing their willingness to protect their privacy and their behaviors,and explores the mechanisms of their influencing variables,to provide advice and suggestions for promoting the protection of privacy information and building a security barrier for the high-quality development of public information security.

Persist in Law-based Protection of Human Rights and Improve the Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights by the Rule of Law

General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.

Achievements Outstanding In Protecting Minors——Report on enforcement of Law on the Protection of Minors (excerpts)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors and the Law ofthe People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Crimes were passed on September 4, 1991 and June 28,1999 and came into force on January 1, 1992 and November 1, 1999. Over the past decades, China has scoredoutstanding achievements in implementing the two laws. In order to strengthen supervision of the implementationof the two laws and better protect the lawful rights and interests of the under-aged, the National People's CongressStanding Committee set up a Law Enforcement Check Group in July 2003, which carried out a nationwidecheck of the implementation of the two laws. On August 25, NPC Vice-Chairperson Gu Xiulian reported on theresult of the check to the fourth meeting of the Tenth NPC standing committee. She described the generalsituation in the implementation of the two laws as 'good' and also identified some problems and put forwardsome recommendations with regard to the enforcement and implementation of the two laws.The following are the excerpts of the report:

United States Law on the Protection of Abused and Neglected Children

I. Introduction This paper discusses child protection in the United States. I will discuss four general topics. The first topic is United States laws on the protection of children from child abuse and neglect. The second topic is providing care for children who must be removed from their homes. The third is the role of courts in child protection in the United States.

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Advancing Rule of Law in Human Rights Protection While Developing a “Socialist Rule of Law System with Chinese Characteristics”

It is very timely and necessary for us to hold this seminar in the beautiful Suzhou Campus of Renmin University of China to deeply study and implement the decisions of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,push forward the construction of China’s rule of law and jointly discuss the development of China’s human rights cause.

On the Criminal Protection of the Right to Education of Chinese Citizens——With a Review on Article 32 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.

Revised Law Highlights Progress in Protection of Women's Rights

Since its promulgation a decade ago, the Law on Protection of Women＇s Rights and Interests of the People＇s Republic of China （hereinafter referred to as theWomen＇s Protection Law for short） has played a pivotal role in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese women and in promoting gender equality in the country. Nevertheless, it has proved increasingly inadequate as political, economic, social and cultural changes have kept taking place in the country, along with changes in values and people＇s life styles and thinking. First of all, the subject of its enforcement is not explicitly specified,

Enhancing the Rule of Law in China,Improving Judicial Protection for Human Rights

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） was a vi-tally important meeting during the decisive stage of China constructing a well-off society in an all-round way. It endorsed the CPC Central Committee＇s ＂Decision on Certain Key Issues on Comprehensively Deepening Reform＂ （hereafter, ＂the decision.＂） The decision condensed the thinking and wisdom of the entire Party and society regarding comprehensively deepening reform and made a series of new breakthroughs in theory and politics related to reform.

Advocating Human Rights Protection by Rule of Law, Supporting Human Rights Undertaking with a Giant Hand——Deep Condolences to Dear Former President Luo Haocai

Chairman Luo Haocai served as the president of CSHRS from 2007 to 2016.During those nine years, he built deep friendships with researchers on human rights.Because President Luo served as vice chairman of the National Committee of CPPCC for a long time, we were used to calling him "Chairman Luo." Chairman Luo was a leader with strategic and overall awareness, a scholar-official, an elder with a young mentality, and a motivator and protector of young people.

Rule by Criminal Law is a Seismograph for the Protection of Human Rights

Criminal law involves crucial rights of the public,including property rights,political rights,freedom,and even life.As a result,on the one hand,any change to the rule by criminal law may have a significant impact on people’s lives;on the other hand,any change to the rule by criminal law is a highly sensitive issue.In view of these points,the rule by criminal law is often referred to as the seismograph for the protection of human rights,indicating the utmost importance of rule by criminal law

Human Rights Protection in the Context of Ruling the Country by Law

At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂To fully implement the Constitution is the primary task and the basic work in building a socialist nation ruled by law.＂ He also said, ＂A country ruled by law should be first ruled by the Constitution, and lawful governance should be based on the Constitution.＂

Revisiting the Spirit of the UDHR and Discussing Human Rights Development——Summary of Views from the Seminar Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.

自由还是保护:19、20世纪英国围绕关税与贸易问题的争论

19世纪至20世纪初,英国出现了两次围绕关税与贸易问题的大争论,两次争论都围绕着贸易保护与自由贸易问题展开。争论中,双方各持己见,持贸易保护观点的一方认为,英国实行贸易保护、设置关税壁垒有利于保护本国经济不受外来经济的侵扰,进而有利于促进本国经济的发展;主张自由贸易的一方则认为,随着英国工业革命的进行,英国对国际商品市场和廉价原料的需求越来越迫切,而实行自由贸易、减少甚至取消关税壁垒更能促进英国经济的发展和国际地位的提升。两次争论的结果最终均以自由贸易的胜利而告终,由两次争论可见,一国贸易、关税政策的选择与该国的国内国际形势、国家利益集团、政党及大众舆论等密切相关。

农产品绿色贸易壁垒制度的法律缺陷及其对策研究

绿色贸易壁垒是新贸易保护主义与环境保护潮流相结合的产物,是当今在发达国家盛行的非关税贸易壁垒手段。我国作为贸易进出口大国,绿色贸易壁垒对我国商品的国际贸易具有很大影响。在农业领域,农产品贸易在我国对外贸易中占据了重要地位,然而在绿色贸易壁垒措施被滥用的背景下,我国农产品出口也正面临着一定程度的困境。不容忽视的是,在农产品绿色贸易壁垒制度下凸显出我国相应法律规定的部分缺陷,为了有效应对这些法律缺陷应当从国内国际两个层面出发采取相应的对策和措施,从而维护我国对外自由贸易的市场利益,提高我国农产品出口的国际竞争力。

The Model Selection of Personal Information Protection in Criminal Procedures

In criminal procedures,the right to personal information does not conform to the human rights characteristics of criminal procedures centered on due process right,in which the right to be forgotten and the right to access data possess no attributes of independent litigation right.The theory of the independent right to personal information lacks a legitimate basis and should not be used as the protection model for personal information in criminal proceedings.Given the particularity of interest measurement and the individuality and negativity of human rights in criminal procedures,the protection of personal information in the criminal procedure should be aimed at the risk of transformation from collective general information to private sensitive information.Specifically,it is the right of personal information not to be excessively collected.Accordingly,the personal information protection should be included in the scope of criminal procedures by the conceptual interpretation of the informational privacy,i.e.,the dependency protection model.In this regard,the criminal proceeding should appropriately introduce the basic principles of personal information protection and the limited general forensic to deal with the impact and challenge of emerging right claim on the criminal justice system.

盐业法律的跨区域实施困境与出路——以宜宾丰源盐业公司案为例

地方保护主义是构建国内统一大市场的重要障碍,同时也是法律跨区域实施的一大难题。通过宜宾丰源盐业公司延边分公司诉D市盐务管理局行政强制案,可以看出地方保护主义在盐业法律跨区域实施上的阻碍。按照《盐业体制改革方案》的基本精神和新修订实施的《食盐专营办法》相关规定,国家已经取消了食盐跨区域经营的禁止性规定,明确支持食盐经营企业可以开展跨区域经营。但是一些地方盐务管理部门仍然以修订前的行政法规作为执法依据,这是地方保护主义在盐务执法上的体现。为此,需要建立公正独立的司法机制,以克服地方保护主义,保障法律的跨区域顺利实施,促进全国统一大市场建设。

“异地监督”:舆论监督向法治的过渡

“异地监督”是相对于本地新闻媒体监督而言的,指的是彼地新闻媒体对发生在此地的人和事进行监督性报道。异地监督在一定程度上可以突破地方保护主义的禁锢,起到积极作用,具有必要性和可行性。但同时,异地监督又可能带来一定程度的负面影响,异地监督中存在“专门监督外乡人”的现象,导致更加严重的“灯下黑”;在实际操作中造成对媒介资源的浪费。从根本上来说,异地监督是舆论监督从人治向法治的过渡阶段,要推动舆论监督的开展,必然有赖于法制的建设,以法律为准绳来为舆论监督保驾护航。

关于濒危戏曲剧种的地方保护法规构建问题

面对极其脆弱濒危的戏曲剧种,我们对这些非物质文化遗产的保护不能仅仅限于国家政府形态的一般政策措施,还应当采取地方法律法规等更有效的强制保护措施,这原本就是联合国科教文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》所明确要求的。要在对戏曲剧种这类"濒危的文化形式"加以最为精细考察的基础上,确定戏曲剧种"濒危"的标准,并在此基础上构建切实有效的、有威慑和约束力的地方法规。