Studying History Education of High School in Taiwan by Causal Layered Analysis

After the 21st century,high school history learning will focus on teachers promoting the twelve-year state education.In recent years,in line with the changes in the new 108-year social curriculum,supporting strategies have been proposed:such as literacy orientation,inquiry and practice,learning process archives,and the structural direction of the controversial Chinese history into East Asian history.Historical learning has indeed had a great impact on the people’s national spiritual education and the development of historical consciousness in Taiwan’s education policy.This is the reason Taiwan’s Ministry of Education strives to improve students’historical literacy and connotation application abilities.When developing a learning policy,both external and internal learning factors need to be considered.The external aspect deals with the reasons for learning:Is learning for the purpose of using or accumulating historical wisdom in daily life to learn from the past and the present,on the other hand,to test the content of the course and the degree of absorption;or is it specifically for exams or other enlightenment purposes.The internal aspect involves those most affected by the policy:students and teachers.After studying and observing high school history learning policies for decades,some alternative future visions for history learning were found in the method of reflection on future research-the conclusion is that history is interestingly revitalized,and the preferred future is thematic history.According to the famous futurology scholar Sohail Inayatuallah’s proposal:the causal layering model.It helps understand how Taiwan’s historical policies operate.And how teachers and students on the front line respond to changes and take future actions.The key is to change the future:in the process of building an alternative future,whether the internal and external mix has changed or whether you want to try new things and expand your horizons.In fact,the difficulty of teaching lies in students’cooperation and conscious learning.Therefore,in the analysis of learning through alternative futures,is it possible to distinguish between internal and external situations and methods such as:1.Internal:Is education centered on teachers?Or is it student-centered?2.External:Does the Ministry of Education prioritize testing,or encourage teachers to adopt interactive communication and integrate education into the curriculum?Therefore,what is the function and inspiration of studying high school history and life?If thematic history teaching is used:teachers can use thematic learning methods to help students focus on causal relationships,the causes of turning points,or the evolution process of the beginning and end of events.This is more advantageous for testing based on the application topic,and it is easy to test how much understanding and understanding of history?Has an activating effect.By studying history in high school,using the“CLA(Causal layered analysis)”method of future studies,you can enter the stage of worldview exploration with the goal of improving professional depth and emotional level,and use it in your own understanding and utilization of history.Based on research,some insights into the prospects and thinking of learning history in high schools are provided:1.Facing the impact of declining birthrate,Taiwan needs a macro perspective to improve its future competitiveness and look forward to a new perspective on world history,using futuristic cause-and-effect level analysis to combine world changes with daily life applications.2.The study of history in high schools should go into a systematic construction:understand its cause-and-effect relationships and global trends,so teachers play a professional and future role in controlling the use of new information and technology.3.In the future,humans may develop more“intelligent”needs.As a reference from history or to explore the preferred path for the future,there will also be a greater need to innovate and meet challenges.4.Studying high school history has entered the professional field.Through self-exploration,it can be transformed into life affairs and establish the concept and value of lifelong learning.5.In studying the“history of high school learning”,have new prospects for the future of education.Through professional knowledge such as“trend theory and causal hierarchy analysis”of futurology,pursue new horizons and visions,making future education full of hope and possibility.

Analysis of Meteorological Causes of Serious Air Pollution in Xingtai City Based on Inversion Layer

Based on meteorological sounding data in 2011 -2014 and air pollution data in 2013 and 2014 from an environmental monitoring station in Xingtai City, the characteristics of inversion layer and air pollution and their correlation in Xingtai City were discussed. The results show that term perature inversion was very serious at 07：00 in Xingtai City, and days with temperature inversion accounted for above 90%. There were obvious seasonal variations in air pollution in Xingtai City, and air pollution was the most serious in winter but the slightest in summer. The primary air pollu- tants in Xingtai City are PM10 and PM2.5, and the primary air pollutants and AQI had close correlation with parameters of inversion layer. Stable ground inversion layer could hinder air convection and air capacity, so that air pollution become more serious with the discharge of pollutants. Inversion layer nearly appearing all the year around is an important meteorological reason for serious air pollution in Xingtai City.

On the Motions of Four Pagoda Clocks in the Forbidden City

Ancient mechanical clocks and automatons are solid evidence regarding the evolution of technological development.At least four ingenious eighteenth-century clocks with pagoda automatons are preserved in the Palace Museum in Beijing.Two were made in China,the other two in Britain.Although the internal mechanical components were maintained and recorded in the late twentieth century,their mechanism structure is mostly not made available to the public owing to the historical value of these artefacts.This study introduces feasible mechanism structures for the four pagoda automatons based on published works,along with considerations of mechanical design.Five subsystems of the clocks are analyzed,and two mechanisms of the pagoda automaton are illustrated.In particular,feasible mechanisms of the four pagoda automatons for raising their stories are explained.The analysis procedure presented in this paper expands the feasibility of reconstruction work on ancient mechanisms with unknown structures.

Reviewed Interpretations and Inspirations on the Development and Strategies of Garden City Theory in Singapore

Reconceptualising the construction of Garden Cities in Singapore from the perspective of the history of urban development and urbanization,in conjunction with the development and trends of vertical greening systems.To summarise the principles of development in modern ecosystems in the context of rapid urbanisation and high population density trends:1.Long-term planning and adherence to ecological principles are required for urban construction and development.2.Urban development should insist on controlling and guiding the urbanisation process.3.Strong executive and coordination capacity of the government is an essential force for the development of new cities.4.The cultivation of urban culture is required to be initiated by the government to promote social consensus and directing the power of the public.5.Respond to the trend of the times and make flexible use of science and technology(vertical ecosystems)to solve urban problems.

Ancient Charm in a Modern World Kashgar’s old city recalls Silk Road’s history and time-honored traditions

[Kashgar is] the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia.

Quantitative Analysis of the Coupling Coordination Degree Between Urbanization and Eco-environment in Mongolia

Mongolia is an important country in the Economic Corridor of China-Mongolia-Russia, a deep understanding of the coupling relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in Mongolia is meaningful to achieve green development of the Belt and Road. The entropy method and coupling coordination degree model were integrated to evaluate the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and the eco-environment in Mongolia during 2000-2016. The results showed that the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and the eco-environment in Mongolia was generally at the stage of seriously unbalanced development, and that the main contributor of the urbanization and the eco-environment subsystem were demographic urbanization and eco-environment endowment, respectively. The southern part of Mongolia central zone should be paid more attention due to the lower degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and the eco-environment. To promote the healthy urbanization development in Mongolia, six-layer eco-city establishing green development pattern is proposed to provide scientific support for Mongolia.

The Empirical Research of Urban Renewal Pattern for Land Saving—A Case study

Exploiting the potentials of urban stock land and its intensive use have been widespread concerned, however the practical solutions are few,especially in the view of engineering.Basing on synthesizing and analysis of the traditional models,this paper introduces the concept of urban renewal pattern for land saving.A double-layer city model was proposed, following with calculation of land saving of

Influence of Temperature, Moisture, and Light Conditions on the Germination of Seeds of <i>Erythronium japonicum</i>Decne

Erythronium japonicum is a representative species of spring ephemeral, forest floor plants in substitution forests in Japan. Seed germination tests were conducted to observe the effects of temperature, light, and moisture content on the germination of E. japonicum. E. japonicum seeds did not germinate at constant temperatures of 5&#176C, 10&#176C, 15&#176C, 20&#176C, or 25&#176C. Seeds germinated at 5&#176C and 10&#176C after storage at 20&#176C for 1 or 2 months. Seed germinability was affected by desiccation to only 40% moisture content. Seeds germinated well in both light and dark conditions. Conditions under the leaf litter layer showed unique characteristics of temperature, light, and moisture content. The temperature was around 20&#176C under the leaf litter layer, even though it was 30&#176C above. The moisture content under the leaf litter layer was higher than that above. The leaf litter blocked out the sunlight. The temperature of 20&#176C necessary for E. japonicum germination occurred below, but not above, the leaf litter layer. The avoidance of decreasing in germinability from reduced seed moisture content in a short time is consistent with the high moisture conditions under the leaf litter layer. The leaf litter layer plays an important role in providing optimal conditions of temperature, light, and moisture content for the germination of E. japonicum seeds.

Urban Waterfront: Subject of International Concern

Urban waterfronts are recognized as important formation elements of the social and urban identity of the city and as elements of their economic development.They constitute also a significant part of the city’s physiognomy.Approaching the port-cities by a historic and urbanistic perspective from the period of their initial development until approximately the end of the 18th century briefly,the reasons why the relationship between city and sea started to weaken are presented.There are records from the beginning of the 19th century that show the gradual severance of the city from its water element,followed by the intensification in the 20th century.The consequences of the Industrial Revolution on one hand and the World Wars on the other constituted the means of recognition for the need to be a simultaneous action not only for the layout of the space but also for its social and human contents,with a goal of improving the human environment(Benevolo,1990).Under these circumstances,the value of the waterfront was recognized,as far as the urban identity of the city is concerned.Furthermore,waterfronts were identified as an important factor for economic,social,and environmental overhaul of the cities.In this context of recognition,the rebuilding of the relationship between city and sea is attempted through focused interventions in urban waterfronts.In the end,the general goals and the tendencies of the waterfronts’redevelopments are presented.Moreover,the tactics of interventions as well as the effects of the initial transformations on waterfront cities are introduced.

Application Analysis of Fine-grained Drainage Asphalt Surface Layer in Sponge Urban Road

With the overall progress and development of the market economy,the construction of sponge city has received extensive attention.To further create an environment more suitable for people’s lives,relevant departments should actively apply diversified materials and integrate material supervision mechanisms in the construction of sponge city roads,and construct a systematic road restraint mechanism and management system to ensure that the characteristics of the surface ecological environment can be fundamentally improved.This paper briefly analyzes the pavement structure design mechanism in combination with the engineering project.The application path of the finegrained drainage asphalt surface layer in the sponge city road is explained from the mix ratio of the mixture and the construction process.It is for reference only.

Early Urban Planning of Harbin(1898-1917) by Russia: Impact of Colonialism and the Railway Economy on Emerging Cities in Modern Times

Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from 1898 to 1917 as the subject of study from the perspective of planning historiography, this paper probes into the driving force behind Harbin's early modern urban development, historical phasing and characteristics of its urban planning, as well as evolution of planning and construction activities during this period. The findings reveal that Harbin's urban planning and construction activities were closely linked to Russia's political and economic interests and also reflected the political game between the powers led by Japan and Russia in the Manchurian region.

Stochastic seismic response of multi-layered soil with random layer heights

This paper deals with the effect of layer height randomness on the seismic response of a layered soil. These parameters are assumed to be lognormal random variables. The analysis is carried out via Monte Carlo simulations coupled with the stiffness matrix method. A parametric study is conducted to derive the stochastic behavior of the peak ground acceleration and its response spectrum,the transfer function and the amplification factors. The input soil characteristics correspond to a site in Mexico City and the input seismic accelerations correspond to the Loma Prieta earthquake. It is found that the layer height heterogeneity causes a widening of the frequency content and a slight increase in the fundamental frequency of the soil profile,indicating that the resonance phenomenon is a concern for a large number of structures. Variation of the layer height randomness acts as a variation of the incident angle,i.e.,a decrease of the amplitude and a shift of the resonant frequencies.

The Best of Beijing

FOR much of China’s history, the city of Beijing has been the nation’s capital.Thus it boasts a wealth of ancient cultural treasures, including buildings, parks and monuments. These are five of the better ones.

中国翻译理论史研究:“一体双层”模式建构

当理论研究发展到一定阶段,就需要进行必要的学术史梳理,以便回望来路,展望去路。近年来,中国翻译理论史研究正成为国内译学界研究的热点之一,以应对翻译学学科进一步发展的诉求。但与当前欣欣向荣的翻译史研究相比,国内的翻译理论史研究还较为薄弱。本研究聚焦中国翻译理论史研究模式的元思考,尝试以翻译理论史的4个要素——译论、翻译实践、译论者和社会为构成性的“一体”,从内层——心理层和外层——社会层以及相对应的两个跨学科视角——发生认识论和知识社会学作为阐释性的“双层”,建构一个研究和撰写中国翻译理论史的“一体双层”模式,并对该模式进行宏观与微观相结合的理论阐发和举例论证,最后对中国翻译理论史研究提出几点建议,特别是提出建立一个译学分支学科——“译论思想史”的设想。本研究希望能为中国翻译理论史的研究和撰写提供研究模式方面的可能途径,助力中国翻译理论史研究向纵深发展。

南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落数量分类与排序分析

探索南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落类型及其分布情况,确定影响其群落分布的主要环境因子,旨在为构建南京明城墙沿线绿色生态廊道及加强对于明城墙的保护提供理论依据。以南京明城墙绿带内30个样点为研究对象,基于南京明城墙绿带的野外调查数据,以物种重要值为指标,运用α多样性指数分析草本层自生植物的物种多样性特征,采用平均聚合聚类(UPGMA)和典范对应分析(CCA)进行数量分类与排序,研究南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落组成、分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:1)南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,且物种分布较为均匀;2)UPGMA聚类将明城墙绿带草本层自生植物分为棕榈-常春藤婆婆纳+中华薹草+黄鹌菜群落、繁缕+紫堇+诸葛菜+阿拉伯婆婆纳群落、常春藤婆婆纳+野芝麻+繁缕+紫堇群落、鹅观草+野芝麻+诸葛菜+紫堇群落、络石-鹅观草+常春藤婆婆纳+加拿大一枝黄花群落、天葵+繁缕+野芝麻+猪殃殃群落、络石-野芝麻+诸葛菜+南赤瓟群落、蓬蘽+络石-渐尖毛蕨+鹅观草群落、野芝麻+鹅观草+求米草+青绿薹草群落、络石-野芝麻+常春藤婆婆纳+诸葛菜群落、野蔷薇+络石+厚萼凌霄-茜草群落11组类型;3)CCA排序结果显示,影响南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落分布的主要环境因子是郁闭度、枯落物厚度、墙体高度及墙面朝向。

中华古都营城智慧的创新探索——北京老城总体城市设计的实践与思考

北京老城是东方古都的杰出代表,北京向来重视历史文化的传承,但在现代化进程中,古都历史文化保护仍然面临来自社会、经济、城市定位及交通方式变化等诸方面的压力和挑战。针对东方古都的杰出代表——北京老城,设计通过对北京老城东方营城智慧挖掘探索的研究主线,强调中轴线统领作用的“一轴带两翼”总体布局。在保护与发展并重的规划引导下,设计凝练了北京老城何以杰出的营城智慧——山水格局的自然调和、都城规制的礼制大成、理想城市的市井生活,揭示了北京老城历史传承的重大价值。在此基础上,通过传统城市设计与数字化城市设计技术方法的综合运用,设计进一步诠释了北京老城形态构成的内在规律特征,形成了“营城八法”的北京老城空间解析及价值体系,并最终指导了北京老城空间形态及环境的设计营造。

盐城市城区土层剪切波速与土层深度相关性分析

剪切波速是评价土体力学性质的一个重要参数。为分析盐城市城区土层剪切波速与土层深度之间的相关性。收集了盐城市城区场地地震安评和区域性地震安全性评价工程中384个钻孔29925条剪切波速,对剪切波速度与土层深度数据进行处理,采用线性、多项式及幂函数3种模型对4类土剪切波速随深度变化进行回归分析,给出了4类土剪切波速随深度变化的三种关系式及相应的回归参数。将三种模型计算得到的剪切波速预测值及实测值进行对比分析与检验。结果表明,盐城市城区土层的剪切速度随着土层深度的增加而增加,拟合优度均在0.80以上,Ⅲ类场地粘土的相关性系数达到0.949;给出的各类岩土体的剪切波速与土层深度经验关系模型较为可靠,预测精度均较高。研究结果可供盐城城区无场地剪切波速数据时参考使用。

范蠡规划越国新都蠡测

都城是国家的政治文化中心,都城规划设计是关系立国立都的大事。春秋末期,吴越两国争霸,结怨相伐,筑城为据。公元前490年,吴王夫差释放了越王勾践,勾践归国后,委托范蠡建设新都。范蠡利用今绍兴府山南麓兴建山阴小城,接着又在小城东侧兴建大城。根据东汉时赵晔撰《吴越春秋·勾践归国外传第八》的描述,对越国新都进行规画复原,揭示规划设计的思想观念与技术方法。

南京明城墙绿带草本层优势自生植物的生态位特征及种间联结关系

探究南京明城墙绿带草本层优势自生植物的环境适应性、种间关系及群落的演替进程,为明城墙绿带草本植被的生态修复及构建明城墙沿线绿色生态廊道提供理论依据。基于群落调查数据,采用生态位理论和种间联结对优势自生植物的资源利用能力及种间关系进行分析。结果表明:1)南京明城墙绿带草本层优势自生植物中重要值和生态位宽度较大的物种为野芝麻(Lamium barbatum)、天葵(Semiaquilegia adoxoides)、繁缕(Stellaria media);优势种对繁缕与紫堇(Corydalis edulis)的生态位重叠值和生态位相似性较高;2)总体关联性检验结果为不显著正联结;3)种间联结性检验表明,南京明城墙绿带草本层优势种的种间联结性较弱,群落处于不稳定的动态演替阶段。应加强对明城墙绿带草本植被的生态修复工作,增强草本植物群落的稳定性。