Investigation of the thermodynamic processes of a floe-lead system in the central Arctic during later summer

Thermodynamic processes of a system involving a floe and a small lead in the central Arctic were investigated during the ice-camp period of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition from 20 to 28 August, 2008. The measurements included surface air temperatures above the floe, spectral albedo of the lead, seawater temperatures in the lead and under the ice cover, and the lateral and bottom mass balance of the floe. The surface air temperature at 1.15 m remained below 0~Cthroughout the observation period and sea ice had commenced its annual cycle of growth in response to autumn cooling during the study. The surface of the lead was frozen by 23 August, after which the spectral albedo of the thin-ice-covered lead in the band of 320-950 nm was 0.46 -0.03, the seawater temperatures both in the lead and under the ice cover, as well as the vertical seawater-temperature gradient in the lead decreased gradually, and the oceanic heat under the ice was maintained at a low level approaching 0 W/m2. By the end of the measurement, the thickness of the investigated floe had reached its annual minimum, while the lateral of the floe was still in the melting phase, with a mean melting rate of 1.0±0.3 cm/d during the measurement, responding to an equivalent latent heat flux of 21 ±6 W/m2. The lateral melting of the floe had made a more significant contribution to the sea-ice mass balance than the surface and bottom melting in the end of August.

Intelligent optimal control for lead-zinc sintering process state

The intelligent integrated predictive model of synthetical permeability was established using the fuzzy classifier to combine the time sequence predictive model with the craftwork parameter predictive model. Then, the estimation model of burn-through point(BTP) based on pipe stress point(PSP) method and the predictive model of BTP were proposed. The optimal control of permeability and heat states was implemented by using the fuzzy expert controller with self-studying mechanism. The application of the intelligent control technique suppresses 17% of the fluctuation of synthetical permeability and 12% of the fluctuation of BTP, stabilizes the output and quality of sinter and settles the basis for the optimization of output and quality of sintering process.

The Processing Mineralogy for Lead and Zinc Oxide Ore in Sichuan

Using variety of modern testing methods, the processing mineralogical characteristics for a lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan were studied systematically. The chemical analysis result shows that the lead and zinc oxide content exceeding the minimum industrial grade and iron ore, total iron content reaches a minimum industrial grade and associated with gold and silver; The mineralogical analysis result shows that lead and zinc mineral composition and configuration are very complexity. The zinc minerals and zinciferous minerals are sphalerite, hemimorphite, Smithsonite, Hydrozincite, zinc chlorite, limonite, zinc dolomite and zincocalcite; lead minerals and plumbiferous minerals are mainly galena, cerussite, anglesite, limonite and Coronadite; The minerals disseminated grain size are very fine and mineral dissemination characteristics are very complex ; expected theoretical recoveries for lead and zinc were 72% and 67% respectively. The results of this study provide basic data and theoretical basis for ore dressing.

An energy saving and fluorine-free electrorefining process for ultrahigh purity lead refining

The present paper reports a new fluoride-free and energy-saving lead electrolytic refining process in order to solve the serious problems of the existing Betts lead electrorefining process, such as low production efficiency,high energy consumption and fluorine pollution. In the process, a mixed solution of perchloric acid and lead perchlorate(HClO4-Pb(ClO4)2) with the additives of gelatin and sodium lignin sulfonate is employed as the new electrolyte. The cathodic polarization curves show that HClO4 is very stable, and there is no any reduction reaction of HClO4 during the electrolytic process. The redox reactions of lead ions in HClO4 solution are very reversible with an ultrahigh capacity efficiency, so the HClO4 acts as a stable support electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity than the traditional H2SiF6 electrolyte. The results of the scale-up experiments show that under the optimal conditions of 2.8 mol·L-1 HClO4, 0.4 mol·L-1 Pb(ClO4)2 and electrolysis temperature of 45 ℃, the energy consumption is as low as 24.5 kW·h·(t Pb)-1 , only about 20% of that by Betts method at the same current density of 20 mA·cm-2, and the purity of the refined lead is up to 99.9992%, much higher than that specified by Chinese national standard(99.994%, GB/T 469-2013) and European standard(99.99%, EN 12659–1999).

Selection of Leading Industry in Anshun Experimental District Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Analytic Hierarchy Process is selected according to the selection method of leading industries by both domestic and foreign scholars. Leading industries which can accelerate the overall economic development of Anshun Experimental District is taken as the target layer; and market demand, efficiency standards and local conditions are taken as the criterion layers, so as to construct the select model of leading industry and to choose the leading industry in Anshun Experimental District. Result shows that the priority order of the leading industry selection in Anshun Experimental District is as follows: tourism > pharmacy > transportation > energy > food processing > characteristic agriculture > package and printing > automobile industry > mining > electric engineering.

Vaporization behavior of lead from the FeO-CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 slag system

Vaporization behavior （1163-1463 K） of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 with CaC% was examined. A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sample of the FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system＋PbO＋CaCl2 were metallic Pb, PbCl, PbCl2, and FeCl2, at the experimental temperature range. The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized Cl in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb, simply expressed as Cl/Pb decreases with increasing temperature. The larger Cl/Pb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl2, since metallic Pb and PbCl vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere. The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 min. Gaseous PbCl2 is mainly formed during the heating period, and at the holding stage, it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCl2 With regard to slag composition, FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead. High FeO content and high basicity promotes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCI, whereas, it prohibits PbCl2 evaporation.

Life cycle inventory analysis of CO_2 and SO_2 emission of imperial smelting process for Pb-Zn smelter

Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.

The mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in hydrothermal solutions

On the basis of an experimental study and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the hydrothermal system have been studied. At acidic to nearly neutral pH, their chloride complexes are stable, and among them the chloride complexes of zinc are most stable. And the sulfide complexes are the dominant species at nearly neutral to alkaline pH, while the sulfide complexes of silver are most stable. With decreasing temperature, , f-{O-2} and increasing pH, the solubilities of silver, lead and zinc will decrease, leading to their deposition and separation. For sulfide complexes, the concentrations of reduced sulfur and pH are two important factors affecting their stabilities. Complexes of different forms and stabilities respond to the variation of conditions to different extents, which gave rise to the paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the whole ore-forming process of dissolution, transport and deposition.

ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF LEAD TIME FOR JOB SHOP UNDER MIXED PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Firstly an overview of the potential impact on work-in-process （WIP） and lead time is provided when transfer lot sizes are undifferentiated from processing lot sizes. Simple performance examples are compared to those from a shop with one-piece transfer lots. Next, a mathematical programming model for minimizing lead time in the mixed-model job shop is presented, in which one-piece transfer lots are used. Key factors affecting lead time are found by analyzing the sum of the longest setup time of individual items among the shared processes （SLST） and the longest processing time of individual items among processes （LPT）. And lead time can be minimized by cutting down the SLST and LPT. Reduction of the SLST is described as a traveling salesman problem （TSP）, and the minimum of the SLST is solved through job shop scheduling. Removing the bottleneck and leveling the production line optimize the LPT. If the number of items produced is small, the routings are relatively short, and items and facilities are changed infrequently, the optimal schedule will remain valid. Finally a brief example serves to illustrate the method.

引线框架用高性能铜合金板带材及制备工艺

电子信息产业的飞速发展,对铜及铜合金产品性能提出了更高的要求,其中集成电路封装用引线框架材料代表了铜合金板带材发展的较高水平。本文对近年来引线框架用高性能铜合金板带材及制备工艺进行了综述,介绍了国内外高性能铜合金板带材料的成分和制备加工技术及发展过程,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望,提出未来高性能铜板带材性能将朝着抗拉强度为700 MPa、导电率为70%IACS的目标发展,其制备工艺将向着智能化、绿色化、高效化等方向发展。

改性黑药类捕收剂强化浮选玉龙铅锌矿中伴生银的无碱工艺研究

针对玉龙铅锌矿浮选过程中伴生银矿物回收率不高等问题,进行了新型捕收剂下无碱铅银浮选工艺研究。研究结果表明,在磨矿细度为-74μm占65%时,抑制剂采用亚硫酸钠与硫酸锌,捕收剂采用改性黑药类捕收剂CY-1,可实现无碱条件下铅银精矿中银回收率的显著提升。闭路实验获得了含Pb 52.05%、Ag 4 866 g/t的铅银精矿,铅、银回收率分别为91.76%和84.43%。与乙硫氮+丁铵黑药为组合捕收剂时的高碱工艺相比,铅、银回收率分别提高了2.5和6百分点。该工艺消除了浮选过程中石灰对银矿物的抑制,有助于强化铅锌矿伴生稀贵金属的综合回收,提升资源的综合利用效率。

氰化尾渣综合回收利用工艺优化研究

鉴于国家环保政策的调整,环保部等三部委已将“采用氰化物进行选矿过程中产生的氰化尾渣”定为危险废物,而即将执行的新环保税法将对危险废物征收1000元/t的环境保护税,氰化废物的经济消解是未来氰化厂主要研究课题和发展方向。山东某氰化尾渣中含有一定品位的铅、锌、铜,该氰化尾渣不进行回收处理,不仅会造成资源浪费,也会对环境造成污染。如果对这部分多金属进行回收,会产生良好的经济效益。从氰化尾渣中回收有价金属元素不同于从原矿中回收有价金属元素,回收其中的有价元素较困难。为解决此问题,根据该氰化尾渣的性质,采取代表性的尾渣矿样,拟采取确定合理的选矿工艺回收尾矿中的有价金属,采用先浮铅锌再浮硫的优先浮选工艺流程试验,该试验流程能够取得较好的有价金属元素回收效果。结果表明,在原矿含铅2.56%、含锌0.95%、含铜0.19%的条件下,采用一粗两精两扫的流程浮选铅锌、一粗两精两扫的流程浮选硫的工艺,处理该氰化尾渣,获得了含铅品位19.77%、回收率21.50%,锌品位19.69%、回收率71.07%,铜含量1.43%的铅锌精矿,硫品位45.27%、回收率35.92%的硫精矿。新工艺流程指标更优,药剂成本更低、工艺更简洁,不仅铅锌精矿中铅、锌均得到有效的回收,其中伴生硫的指标也得到了改善,为氰化尾渣中铅锌铜硫的回收提供了方案。

党领导重大行政决策的逻辑理路与实现路径

作为行政权力运行的起点,行政决策在法治政府建设中的地位十分重要。重大行政决策更是关系本行政区划内经济与社会发展稳定全局,涉及面广、影响深远。坚持和加强党对重大行政决策的领导,不仅可以助力重大行政决策的科学化、民主化和法治化,还可以借此带动行政法治水平的整体提升。重大行政决策的作出是一个复杂的程序链条,党的领导应贯穿其全过程,在决策事项的确定、决策草案的拟定以及决策方案的出台等方面发挥关键作用。未来,应加强决策机关党组建设,明晰同级党委、决策机关党组、决策机关三者之间的权责边界,并通过决策机关党组使党领导重大行政决策工作在法治轨道内有序展开。

内蒙古某含铜铅精矿铜铅分离矿物学影响因素研究

为高效利用内蒙古某选厂含铜铅精矿,通过化学多元素分析、铜物相分析、光学显微镜、MLA等多种分析手段,对含铜铅精矿进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明:含铜铅精矿中铅、铜含量分别为72.58%、0.81%,矿物组成以方铅矿为主,少量闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿及其他矿物,方铅矿、黄铜矿的嵌布粒度主要处于0.01~0.10 mm,属细粒级嵌布范畴,方铅矿和黄铜矿的单体+富连生体占比分别为97.14%,86.23%,解离情况好,在合理的选矿工艺条件下,可有效实现铜、铅的分离与富集。

Z-200体系下Pb^(2+),Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿可浮性的影响及其机理

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿通常会相互伴(共)生,为了探究Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选行为和表面性质的影响,本研究对黄铜矿进行了单矿物浮选实验,并利用溶液化学计算、Zeta电位和XPS检测等方法,对比研究了Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选行为和表面性质的影响。黄铜上的Zn^(2+)。矿石可浮性影响的差异。测试结果表明,Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)都会吸附在黄铜矿表面,改变黄铜矿表面的Zeta电位,抑制黄铜矿的可浮性,并且随着pH值的升高,抑制作用增强;结合浮选实验结果可知,浮选所处的矿浆pH值范围内,锌主要以Zn(OH)2沉淀的形式吸附在黄铜矿表面从而对黄铜矿的浮选产生抑制效果,所以Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选的抑制效果要比Pb^(2+)显著;且XPS分析结果表明,Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)都能在黄铜矿表面形成沉淀物,并以化学吸附的形式出现在黄铜矿表面,从而抑制黄铜矿的可浮性。

“揭榜挂帅”应用边界及运行机制研究

“揭榜挂帅”作为科技项目组织管理新模式,在激发科技创新活力,推动实现科技自主自强作用日益凸显。围绕“揭榜挂帅”主题,从“揭榜挂帅”内涵特点、组织实施方式等方面探讨其应用边界,并基于项目全流程管理,从筛选机制、评价机制、监督管理机制、成果评鉴机制、宽容失败机制5方面厘清其运行机制,从而为实际应用提供积极的实践指导作用。

硫化铅锌矿“优先选铅—选铅尾矿选锌”回收铅锌

内蒙古某硫化铅锌矿主要有价元素为Pb和Zn,含量分别为0.90%和3.23%。采用化学分析、XRD分析和MLA等分析手段对该矿进行详细的工艺矿物研究,并在工艺矿物学研究的基础上开展条件试验和闭路试验。工艺矿物学分析结果表明:在该矿中,方铅矿和闪锌矿为主要目的矿物,二者主要呈稀疏-稠密浸染状分布于脉石矿物间,且嵌布特征较为复杂,局部富集程度不高,嵌布粒度不均,部分方铅矿包裹于闪锌矿中,会对后续浮选作业产生不利影响。脉石矿物主要为钙铁辉石、石英、方解石、绿帘石、钙铝榴石、斜长石和钾长石,另含有少量的绿泥石、白云母和黑云母。采用优先选铅-选铅尾矿选锌—中矿依次返回上一作业的闭路浮选流程进行浮选,最终可获得Pb品位为66.83%、Pb回收率为85.42%的合格铅精矿产品,以及Zn品位为53.26%、Zn回收率为91.53%的合格锌精矿产品,可实现对该硫化铅锌矿的有效利用。

科学式引领发展——工艺流程设计教改实践的亮点

专业课程教学改革已经成为新工科建设时期我国高校的一项重要工作任务。“科学式引领发展”作为一个具有时代意义的概念被引入工艺流程设计的教学中,形成教改实践中的亮点。本文充分利用概念法、案例法和实验研究法等多种教学方法,从多角度来阐述科学在现代工艺流程设计中的意义,强调工艺流程在化工设计中的引领地位。

矿浆难免离子对铅锌硫化矿分离的影响研究进展

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。矿浆溶液中普遍存在一些难免离子,并且其中存在的难免离子对铅锌硫化矿的浮选分离有着重要影响。矿浆中难免离子主要来源于选厂用水、矿物自身溶解、活化剂或者抑制剂解离以及流体包裹体释放引入的原生离子和磨矿过程中引入的次生离子。本文对矿浆中引入的原生离子以及磨矿体系引入的次生难免离子对铅锌硫化矿浮选分离的影响进行了总结分析发现,不论是原生离子还是次生离子对铅锌硫化矿浮选行为的影响均较为明显,较多的学者针对这种现象进行了大量的研究。通过药剂调控以及改变磨矿环境等方法已经取得了较大的突破,为后续研究者提供了重要的研究思路。本文的关注点是将前人的研究成果与现场工艺紧密结合,在不影响工业经济情况下如何从源头消除难免离子,如何从现场工艺中降低难免离子对浮选指标的影响仍是未来研究的重要方向。

低品位铅锌矿选矿工艺的研究解析

低品位铅锌矿选矿工艺优化可以解决矿石浮选中存在的问题,有效优化操作流程,提高选矿质量。基于此,文章主要分析了影响低品位铅锌矿选矿工艺的因素,明确了低品位铅锌矿选矿工艺优化思路,以供参考。