Research on Leading Edge Erosion and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Blade Airfoil

The effects of the erosion present on the leading edge of a wind turbine airfoil(DU 96-W-180)on its aerodynamic performances have been investigated numerically in the framework of a SST k–ωturbulence model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS).The results indicate that when sand-induced holes and small pits are involved as leading edge wear features,they have a minimal influence on the lift and drag coefficients of the airfoil.However,if delamination occurs in the same airfoil region,it significantly impacts the lift and resistance characteristics of the airfoil.Specifically,as the angle of attack grows,there is a significant decrease in the lift coefficient accompanied by a sharp increase in the drag coefficient.As wear intensifies,these effects gradually increase.Moreover,the leading edge wear can exacerbate flow separation near the trailing edge suction surface of the airfoil and cause forward displacement of the separation point.

Research on the Evolution of Media Practices of Leading Cadres’ New Media and the Communication Characteristics

Purpose/Significance: This study aims to define the concept of leading cadres new media usage in China specifically, and to describe and analyze the forms and typical cases and characteristics of leading cadres new media in different stages. Method/Process: Based on the themes and contents of a few media accounts of leading cadres at different ranks, we summarizes leading cadres new media usage in a systematic perspective and content analysize method. Result/Conclusion: The study defines the concept of Leading Cadres’ new media from the perspective of media practice, determine its position as a media communication platform in the government affairs new media communication system and its relationship with the other elements, and then systematically review the evolution of its media practice from personal website, blog, microblog and microblog to WeChat, live show. On this basis, with the Harold Lasswell communication model, this article summarizes leading cadres new media communication characteristics from five aspects: content producer, content, channel, audience, and effect. Future studies may also enhance the empirical research from the effect perspective.

Effect of Lead Stress on Growth Characteristics and Physiological Indexes of Alternanthera philoxeroides

[Objective] The paper aimed to discuss effects of different concentrations of lead stress on Alternanthera philoxeroides growth and physiological indices,to explore phytoremediation methods for removal of lead pollution. [Method] A. philoxeroides in water culture was treated with different concentration of lead,and then,its external injury was observed,its growth and physiological indexes were measured. [Result] A. philoxeroides biomass and chlorophyll content decreased; conductivity and malonaldehyde （MDA ） content were increased; the SOD,POD and CAT activities showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with increase in concentration of lead stress. [Conclusion] With increase in lead concentration,the cell membrane permeability increased and MDA had a higher accumulation,antioxidant enzymes activity decreased,the normal oxidative metabolism of A. philoxeroides was severely affected,leading it to wilt.

Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Hovering Rotor Based on Leading Edge Droop

In view of the reduction of hovering efficiency near high tension when a helicopter rotor hovers,a numerical simulation method of lifting rotor hovering aerodynamic characteristics based on leading edge droop is established in this paper. It is dominated by Reynolds average N-S equation in integral form. Firstly,VR-12 airfoil is taken as the research object,and the influence of leading edge droop angle on the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional airfoil is studied. Secondly,the modified 7 A rotor is taken as the research object,and the effects of different leading edge droop angles at the position of blade r/R=0.75—1 on the aerodynamic characteristics in hover are explored. It is found that the leading edge droop can significantly improve the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional airfoil and three-dimensional hovering rotor near high angle of attack,and can effectively inhibit the generation of stall vortex.

Intersection capacity based on driver's visual characteristics

In order to reflect the influence of the drivers＇ characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver＇s visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver＇s visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver＇s visual characteristics is obtained.

甘肃积石山 M_(s)6.2级地震的震害特征与启示

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县(35.70°N,102.79°E)发生了6.2级地震,震中烈度为VIII度。地震发生后,通过实地烈度评估与科学考察,对震区VI~VIII度区不同建(构)筑物与生命线工程的震害特点进行了统计分析;从抗震设计与施工管理、场地放大效应与地震次生灾害对建筑结构抗震性能的影响等角度,提出了此次地震的震害启示。结果表明:1)严重破坏和毁坏的建筑结构主要集中在老旧的土木结构、砖木结构和无设防或设防不规范的砖混结构。2)造成建筑结构破坏的主要原因是少量自建房抗震设计和施工的不规范、场地放大效应和地震次生灾害。3)优化和改良生土砌筑材料,改进纵横墙间的拉结措施,强化结构整体性是提高土木结构抗震的有效方法;普及“上下圈梁与构造柱”等基本抗震设防措施,规范水泥砂浆强度,提升农村工匠的施工水平,可有效提高砌体结构的整体性,避免房屋出现整体性垮塌;室内洗手间的墙体应该与房顶、纵横墙间建立有效联接,提高结构的抗震性能。4)孤突斜坡、河流高阶地与岸边为抗震不利地带。当建造用地极为匮乏,不得不选址在这些场地之上时,应该综合考虑场地的地形地貌特征、岩土体物理力学特性、水文地质条件、抗震设防目标、建筑结构类型等影响因素,做好地震灾害风险评估,根据评估结果进行科学设防。灾后重建过程中,应由政府统一规划选址、统一设计,规范施工。

改变导叶翼型对水泵水轮机“S”特性的影响

针对水泵水轮机“S”特性区域的不稳定性问题,提出使用改型活动导叶翼型进行性能提升.以某水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对水泵水轮机全流道进行三维数值计算,通过对活动导叶翼型的改型设计,得出流量-转速模拟曲线,分析水泵水轮机组“S”特性改善情况.将计算与试验结果进行对比,并对改型活动导叶翼型前后机组的无叶区进行压力脉动分析.结果表明:在保证整体效率依然保持在92%附近的前提下,新的活动导叶翼型对机组的“S”特性依旧具有改善效果;无叶区压力脉动主要是受到活动导叶叶栅区域的分流在此重新聚集影响,并且与转轮叶片的动静相互扰动引起的;改型后的活动导叶降低了无叶区的压力脉动幅值,提升了水泵水轮机运行中的并网稳定性.

Creation of "Regional Characteristic" in Planning and Design of Farmers' Residential Area at the South of Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

After analysis of location feature of the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River and its construction of urban and rural integration,the paper pointed out harmonious combination between natural and artificial factors had been neglected in planning and design of farmers' residential area at the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River,"regional characteristic" losing,residential area in the form of "city community" and buildings in European style.In view of these problems,relevant planning and design thoughts and methods had been proposed as to how to create "regional characteristic" from the perspective of planning,architecture and landscape design.It discussed with emphasis the importance of construction base type and combination of environment with residential area construction;inspirations and design methods obtained from traditional architectures;and the content of landscape overall planning and specific design.It was hoped to enlighten designers to shoulder social and historical responsibility,make exploration unremittingly,and construct beautiful homelands for people.

基于数值模拟的高速公路S型曲线积水规律分析

S型曲线由于特殊的线型几何特征形成了易积水的路面区域,对于积水规律的掌握有利于在设计和建造阶段提前预防和处理积水路段的危害。该文基于计算流体力学软件Fluent,结合计算流体力学分析中基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法的欧拉液膜模型EWF(Eulerian Wall Film),针对精细化处理的典型S型曲线双向多车道道路模型进行模拟计算。模拟包含了几何特征与降雨量等不同变量因素,得出了积水的水膜厚度以及流速分布规律。模拟结果表明:在降雨阶段,S型曲线横坡坡度0%~1%路段为积水路段,横坡坡度1%~2%路段为易积水路段,横坡坡度大于2%的路段积水情况受到降雨强度影响;在排水阶段,S型曲线横坡坡度0%~1%路段为排水困难路段,横坡坡度1%~2%路段为排水不畅路段,横坡坡度大于2%的路段排水顺畅,在排水时间结束时,路面在不同的几何条件和降雨条件下均能将积水排除至水膜厚度小于2 cm,横坡的大小与渐变影响了积水的横向分布与纵向分布,横向呈现中间高两边低、横断面上标高大的位置水膜厚度小和标高小的位置水膜厚度大的水膜厚度分布规律,总体呈现S型的分布规律;水膜流速在积水阶段呈现纵向上中间低两边高、水膜厚度大则水膜流速大的水膜厚度分布规律,在排水阶段则为纵向上中间高两边低的水膜流速分布规律。道路宽度影响了降雨落到路面的积水总量,进而对积水水膜厚度产生了影响;超高缓和率则主要使得积水路段、易积水路段增长,从而影响了积水分布的范围。

K-S变换及其电网超谐波时频分析应用

依据FFT→优化窗→IFFT思路,突破线性时频变换的窗函数积分性能桎梏,实现高性能优化窗函数的线性时频变换应用,建立新型时频变换算法——K-S变换.对信号x(t)的FFT频谱向量进行频移处理后,与该频移点下Kaiser优化窗的频谱向量进行Hadamard乘积,再将乘积结果进行FFT逆变换(IFFT),构造出K-S变换复时频矩阵,由此获得x(t)的时间-频率-幅值、时间-频率-相位三维信息;给出逆变换的数学推导与局部性质、线性性质和变分辨率特性;0~150 kHz电网的稳态与时变超谐波信号仿真实验表明,K-S变换的时域、频域分辨能力均优于流行的短时傅里叶变换、S变换,具有优良的变分辨率性能;0~40 kHz超谐波信号的实测证明,基于K-S变换的超谐波电压幅值测量绝对误差均小于0.032 3 V.

基于哨兵函数和S变换的风力机叶片材料损伤特性研究

利用声发射检测技术研究玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的损伤特性,在此过程中,采用哨兵函数来表征该材料的损伤程度,并通过S变换和模糊C均值(FCM)聚类来分析声发射信号,从而获得材料的损伤特征。三点弯曲实验结束后对试件断口进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍照来验证,可得:通过对SEM照片的分析得到基体开裂、纤维脱粘、分层破坏、纤维断裂4种损伤模式;对整个声发射事件进行哨兵函数分析,观察到试件在弯曲过程中哨兵函数曲线呈明显下降趋势;对依据哨兵函数划分的不同阶段的信号进行VMD降噪处理,然后采用S变换进行时频分析得到不同损伤的特征频率,最后采用FCM聚类进行验证。结果表明:哨兵函数值的突变可作为材料断裂的预警信号,材料损伤类型的识别可依据S变换的频率分布结果进行确定。

湿气环境中CO_(2)-H_(2)S在α-Fe(110)密排面上吸附与点蚀机理研究

目的从微观尺度探究CO_(2)-H_(2)S(CO_(2)和H_(2)S共存)在湿气管道顶部的吸附特性,进而揭示点蚀机理。方法基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,利用Materials Studio构建CO_(2)、H_(2)S和CO_(2)-H_(2)S在α-Fe(110)密排面的吸附模型,对CO_(2)、H_(2)S和CO_(2)-H_(2)S在α-Fe(110)面的吸附能、局域态密度、分波态密度和差分电荷密度进行仿真;利用高温高压釜模拟CO_(2)-H_(2)S-Cl^(-)腐蚀环境,分析L360钢在湿气环境中的腐蚀行为;最后,揭示含Cl^(-)湿气管道顶部CO_(2)-H_(2)S吸附机制与点蚀机理。结果CO_(2)、H_(2)S、CO_(2)-H_(2)S及CO_(2)-H_(2)S-Cl^(-)在最稳定位置时的吸附能分别为-4.065、-3.961、-8.538、-12.775e V,表明相较于CO_(2)与H_(2)S单独吸附,CO_(2)-H_(2)S在α-Fe(110)面的吸附能更负,Cl^(-)会进一步降低CO_(2)-H_(2)S的吸附能;且CO_(2)在与H_(2)S竞争环境电子中占优势;Cl^(-)会使CO_(2)-H_(2)S的局域态密度峰值降低,转移趋势为失去电子,基体和腐蚀介质的电子向着低能级跃迁释放出更多能量,进而加强了Fe与CO_(2)-H_(2)S间的化学键强度;Cl^(-)的2p轨道与Fe的3d轨道在-6.8 eV和-5.7 eV发生重叠,Cl^(-)被吸附到Fe表面并与Fe形成化学键生成氯化物,进而改变腐蚀产物膜的组分与结构,削弱产物膜的致密性和稳定性,减弱腐蚀阻抗力。在含Cl^(-)湿气的CO_(2)-H_(2)S环境中,液相中的Cl^(-)浓度升高,使L360钢的气相平均腐蚀速率逐渐增大,最高达2.935mm/a,点蚀越发严重。结论CO_(2)与H_(2)S在α-Fe(110)面吸附存在一定的协同和竞争作用,协同促进金属的腐蚀,FeCO3会优先沉积成膜,但H_(2)S会抑制FeCO3的生长,腐蚀产物以FeS为主;Cl^(-)会增强CO_(2)-H_(2)S与α-Fe(110)面间的作用力,弱化腐蚀产物膜层的保护性,进一步加速金属腐蚀、尤其是点蚀。

电液3-UPS/S并联稳定平台参数振动特性分析

针对电液3-UPS/S并联稳定平台驱动液压缸的压力脉动所产生的参数振动,建立了稳定平台的参数振动方程并利用多尺度法求解了主共振响应与组合共振响应的一次近似解;分析了主共振与组合共振响应特性以及振动幅值在初始工作空间内的变化规律,最后采用四阶龙格库塔法与模态试验对参数振动模型进行验证。结果表明:数值解与理论解之间的最大误差为4.20%,固有频率理论值与试验值之间的最大误差为4.66%,可验证参数振动模型的正确性。

基于射流补水的水泵水轮机S特性改善研究

针对水泵水轮机的“S”特性提出了在导叶顶盖位置无叶区处加装注水管的解决方案,并模拟了注水管安装在不同位置时的“S”特性曲线,分析了加装注水管后转轮区域内流线及转轮各叶道流量的分布规律。结果表明,于导叶顶盖加装注水管可以有效改善转轮内部流动,减轻转轮和导叶内部流动的相互影响,减小叶道涡的尺寸,同时有效缓解了转轮各叶道流量分布不均的现象。在注水管处于无叶区中段和活动导叶附近时,对“S”特性的改善效果明显。

Migration and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal(loid)s at a lead smelting site

Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites.It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting sites.In this study,203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting site.The findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb,Zn,Cd,and As contamination in soil samples.The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity,the contaminated soil areas of Pb,As,Cd,and Zn were 99.5%,98.9%,85.3%,and 72.4%,respectively.Pb,Cd,and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m,which migrated from the surface to deep soil layers.The leaching contents of Zn,Pb,and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer,but the leaching content of Cd was still high,which indicated the high migration of Cd.With the increase of depth,the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased,and the residual fraction increased.The acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion,and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in soil.According to the calculation of the migration factor,the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd>Zn>Pb>As.The outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.

Isolation and algae-lysing characteristics of the algicidal bacterium B5

Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem. Recently, algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms. In this study, one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge. On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence, it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis. Its algaelysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested. The results showed that： （1） the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B. fusiformis reached 99.86%, so B5 was identified as B. fusiformis; （2） the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M. aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesrnus were pronounced. The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-a. The greater the initial bacterial cell density, the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-a. The greater the initial algal cell density, the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-a. When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 × 10^7 cells/ml, nearly 90% of chlorophyll-a was removed. When the chlorophyll-a concentration was less than 550 μg/L, about 70% was removed; （3） the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment.

Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Bennett's Linkage

Bennett's linkage is a spatial fourlink linkage,and has an extensive application prospect in the deployable linkages.Its kinematic and dynamic characteristics analysis has a great significance in its synthesis and application. According to the geometrical conditions of Bennett 's linkage,the motion equations are established,and the expressions of angular displacement,angular velocity and angular acceleration of the followers and the displacement,velocity and acceleration of mass center of link are shown. Based on Lagrange's equation,the multi-rigid-body dynamic model of Bennett's linkage is established. In order to solve the reaction forces and moments of joint,screw theory and reciprocal screw method are combined to establish the computing method.The number of equations and unknown reaction forces and moments of joint are equal through adding link deformation equations. The influence of the included angle of adjacent axes on Bennett 's linkage 's kinematic characteristics,the dynamic characteristics and the reaction forces and moments of joint are analyzed.Results show that the included angle of adjacent axes has a great effect on velocity,acceleration,the reaction forces and moments of Bennett's linkage. The change of reaction forces and moments of joint are apparent near the singularity configuration.

RITT-WU'S CHARACTERISTIC SET METHOD FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENCE POLYNOMIAL SYSTEMS WITH ARBITRARY ORDERING

In this paper, a Ritt-Wu＇s characteristic set method for ordinary difference systems is proposed, which is valid for any admissible ordering. New definition for irreducible chains and new zero decomposition algorithms are also proposed.

水泵水轮机S特性区能量损失及流动特性研究

为了调节电网的稳定性,抽水蓄能电站需要频繁启停和变换工况运行,导致水泵水轮机容易进入S特性区,机组振动增加,并网失败。本文以模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,采用熵产理论详细分析了S特性区不同工况下的能量损失规律,明确了熵产率分布与内部流动结构的关系。结果表明:S特性区内近飞逸工况总熵产最大,约为设计工况的5.1倍,脉动熵产占据的比例接近80%,随着流量的减小,转轮熵产占比逐渐降低,活动导叶和尾水管的熵产占比增加。小流量工况转轮进口靠近下环位置首先出现了明显的漩涡,导致了活动导叶出口和转轮进口的高熵产区,随着流量进一步减小,漩涡逐渐向上冠转移,并且切向速度增大,在转轮进口形成挡水环,阻碍水流进入转轮,在无叶区内出现了环状分布的高熵产区。反水泵工况,水流在低压边与逆时针旋转的叶片撞击,导致水流很难进入叶片内部,形成了大尺度的回流涡结构;双列叶栅内充满大量涡结构,导致活动导叶吸力面的熵产率增大,并且向固定导叶传播。

Influence of Vertical Irregularity on the Seismic Behavior of Base Isolated RC Structures with Lead Rubber Bearings under Pulse-Like Earthquakes

Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literature.On the other hand,investigations regarding the irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures’performance when subjected to pulse-like earthquakes are very scarce.The severity of pulse-like earthquakes emerges from their ability to destabilize the base-isolated structure by remarkably increasing the displacement demands.Thus,this study is intended to investigate the effects of pulse-like earthquake characteristics on the behavior of low-rise irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures.Within the study scope,investigations related to the impact of the pulse-like earthquake characteristics,irregularity type,and isolator properties will be conducted.To do so,different values of damping ratios of the base isolation system were selected to investigate the efficiency of the lead rubber-bearing isolator.In general,the outcomes of the study have shown the significance of vertical irregularity on the performance of base-isolated structures and the considerable effect of pulse-like ground motions on the buildings’behavior.