Despite the importance of Hyrcanian forests for biodiversity conservation, a few studies with biomass destruction has been done to predict biomass and carbon pools from this forest and there is a lack of knowledge in ...Despite the importance of Hyrcanian forests for biodiversity conservation, a few studies with biomass destruction has been done to predict biomass and carbon pools from this forest and there is a lack of knowledge in our country. Biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are important variables in many ecological and environmental applications and forest management. In this paper, allometric biomass and leaf area equations were developed for three common Hyrcanian tree species, Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus Lipsky) and Chestnut- leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey). To evaluate and estimate the leaf biomass and leaf area index of Oriental Beech, Horbeam and Chestnut-leaved Oak, 21, 27 and 17 individuals were selected and felled down, respectively. Tree characteristics such as diameter at breast height, total height, crown length and perpendicular diameters were measured. Destructive sampling was applied for determination of leaf biomass and LAI. Allometric equations were calculated for estimation of leaf biomass and LAI using simple linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis. The equations were compared based on several modelling parameters. Model comparison and selection were based on R2, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), prediction error sums of squares, model standard error estimate (SEE), ΔAIC, and a correction factor. Based on the results, the mean values of leaf area, leaf biomass and LAI for Oriental Beech were 53.05 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.176 gr, 2.16, for Hornbeam were 27.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.128 gr, 1.13 and for Chestnut-leaved Oak were 62.419 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.401 gr, 2.26, respectively. The highest significant correlation for Oriental Beech was found between LAI and total height (R2</sup>adj</sub>= 0. 931), the highest significant correlation for Hornbeam was found between LAI and Dbh (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0. 956) and the highest significance for Chestnut-leaved Oak was found between LAI and SqrtDbh (R2</sup>adj</sub> = 0. 956). Also, the best equations were obtained by means of an exponential regression model for Oriental Beech, the Log-transformed regression model for Hornbeam and of a transformed regression model for Chestnut-leaved Oak.展开更多
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure...The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.展开更多
The amount of photosynthetic radiation inter- cepted by a crop is a function of the incident solar radiation on the plants, the leaf area index （LAI）, and the light extinction coefficient （k）. We quantified LAI an...The amount of photosynthetic radiation inter- cepted by a crop is a function of the incident solar radiation on the plants, the leaf area index （LAI）, and the light extinction coefficient （k）. We quantified LAI and k in stands of black wattle （Acacia mearnsii De Wild.） over a 7-year growth cycle at two locations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Our study was conducted in commercial stands in agroecological regions with high densities of black wattle plantations. LAI was calculated as the ratio between the leaf area of a tree and its planting space, and k was derived from Beer＇s law. LAI depends on the planting site and stand age. Between the two sites, the LAI was similar over time, the amount of variation differed. Values of k depended only on stand age, with the highest average observed for stands up to 5 years old. The trend of k during the plantation cycle was inversely proportional to LAI and was correlated with LAI, leaf area, leaf dry mass, canopy volume, height, branches dry mass, total dry mass, and crown diameter.展开更多
Biomass allocation and assimilation efficiency of natural Amour linden (Tilia amurensis) samplings in different light regimes were analyzed in the paper. The results showed that shoot increment of samplings in gap was...Biomass allocation and assimilation efficiency of natural Amour linden (Tilia amurensis) samplings in different light regimes were analyzed in the paper. The results showed that shoot increment of samplings in gap was the highest and that of samplings under canopy was the least. Samplings in gap expressed apical dominance strongly but samplings in full sun and under canopy behaved intensive branching. Lateral competition or moderate shading was favored to bole construction. The patters of biomass allocation of samplings in different light environment were rather similar. The biomass translocated to stem was more than that to other organs, and about one half of photosynthate was used to support leaf turn over. On the contrary, photosynthates of samplings in full sun were mostly consumed in leaves bearing and energy balancing. The carbon assimilation for leaves of samplings in gap was the most efficient, and more carbons were fixed and translocated to non-photosynthetic organs, especially to stemwood.展开更多
文摘Despite the importance of Hyrcanian forests for biodiversity conservation, a few studies with biomass destruction has been done to predict biomass and carbon pools from this forest and there is a lack of knowledge in our country. Biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are important variables in many ecological and environmental applications and forest management. In this paper, allometric biomass and leaf area equations were developed for three common Hyrcanian tree species, Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus Lipsky) and Chestnut- leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey). To evaluate and estimate the leaf biomass and leaf area index of Oriental Beech, Horbeam and Chestnut-leaved Oak, 21, 27 and 17 individuals were selected and felled down, respectively. Tree characteristics such as diameter at breast height, total height, crown length and perpendicular diameters were measured. Destructive sampling was applied for determination of leaf biomass and LAI. Allometric equations were calculated for estimation of leaf biomass and LAI using simple linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis. The equations were compared based on several modelling parameters. Model comparison and selection were based on R2, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), prediction error sums of squares, model standard error estimate (SEE), ΔAIC, and a correction factor. Based on the results, the mean values of leaf area, leaf biomass and LAI for Oriental Beech were 53.05 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.176 gr, 2.16, for Hornbeam were 27.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.128 gr, 1.13 and for Chestnut-leaved Oak were 62.419 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.401 gr, 2.26, respectively. The highest significant correlation for Oriental Beech was found between LAI and total height (R2</sup>adj</sub>= 0. 931), the highest significant correlation for Hornbeam was found between LAI and Dbh (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0. 956) and the highest significance for Chestnut-leaved Oak was found between LAI and SqrtDbh (R2</sup>adj</sub> = 0. 956). Also, the best equations were obtained by means of an exponential regression model for Oriental Beech, the Log-transformed regression model for Hornbeam and of a transformed regression model for Chestnut-leaved Oak.
基金One Hundred Talents Program of CAS No.CXIOG-C00-01+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.39970613
文摘The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.
文摘The amount of photosynthetic radiation inter- cepted by a crop is a function of the incident solar radiation on the plants, the leaf area index （LAI）, and the light extinction coefficient （k）. We quantified LAI and k in stands of black wattle （Acacia mearnsii De Wild.） over a 7-year growth cycle at two locations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Our study was conducted in commercial stands in agroecological regions with high densities of black wattle plantations. LAI was calculated as the ratio between the leaf area of a tree and its planting space, and k was derived from Beer＇s law. LAI depends on the planting site and stand age. Between the two sites, the LAI was similar over time, the amount of variation differed. Values of k depended only on stand age, with the highest average observed for stands up to 5 years old. The trend of k during the plantation cycle was inversely proportional to LAI and was correlated with LAI, leaf area, leaf dry mass, canopy volume, height, branches dry mass, total dry mass, and crown diameter.
文摘Biomass allocation and assimilation efficiency of natural Amour linden (Tilia amurensis) samplings in different light regimes were analyzed in the paper. The results showed that shoot increment of samplings in gap was the highest and that of samplings under canopy was the least. Samplings in gap expressed apical dominance strongly but samplings in full sun and under canopy behaved intensive branching. Lateral competition or moderate shading was favored to bole construction. The patters of biomass allocation of samplings in different light environment were rather similar. The biomass translocated to stem was more than that to other organs, and about one half of photosynthate was used to support leaf turn over. On the contrary, photosynthates of samplings in full sun were mostly consumed in leaves bearing and energy balancing. The carbon assimilation for leaves of samplings in gap was the most efficient, and more carbons were fixed and translocated to non-photosynthetic organs, especially to stemwood.
