Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

Correlation between Leaf Size and Fruit Quality of Kiwi

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of leaf size on fruit quality of kiwi and relevant mechanism. [Method] The correlation between leaf shape and fruit quality of kiwi was studied during 2013-2015. [Result] The results of statistical analysis showed that the sing weight, longitudinal diameter, width, thickness, shape index and juice sugar content of fruit were 75.86±1.68 g, 73.284± 0.70 mm, 41.18±0.51 mm, 35.30±0.25 mm, 1.92±0.01 and （15.66±0.26）%, respec- tively; the length, width, shape index and area of leaf were 14.77±0.20 cm, 14.25± 0.16 cm, 0.94±0.09 and 152.39±3.26 cm^2, respectively; and the length and diameter of petiole were 11.03±0.25 cm and （31.50±0.79 mm）/10, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of kiwi was strongly positively related to fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit width, fruit thickness and leaf shape index, was significantly positively related to leaf length, was weakly positively related to petiole length, was positively related to leaf area, was weakly negatively related to leaf width and petiole diameter, and was negatively related to juice sugar content. The results of regression analysis showed that there was significant difference be- tween single fruit weight and juice sugar content （F=0.851 8, P〈0.01）, instead of fruit longitudinal diameter （F=0.000 6, P〉0.05）, fruit width （F=0.001 4, P〉0.05） and fruit thickness （F=0.005 4, P〉0.05）; there was significant correlation between single fruit weight and leaf area （F=0.671 5, P〈0.01）, instead of leaf length （F=0.139 3, P〉0.05）, leaf width （F=0.358 5, P〉0.05） and leaf shape index （F=0.294 0, P〉0.05）; there were significant correlations between juice sugar content and leaf length （F= 0.816 1, P〈0.01）, leaf width （F=0.970 1, P〈0.01）, leaf area （F=0.560 6, P〈0.01） and leaf shape index （F=0.885 1, P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Fruit single weight and oth- er quality properties could be predicted from leaf size, and leaf size can be used as the main basis for judging the quality of fruit.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil, Leaf Nutrient and Fruit Quality of Citrus grandis var. longanyou

The five-year-old “Longanyou” trees were used as the experimental material to study the effects of different fertilization treatments. The nutrient contents in soil and leaves, fruit yield and quality were determined, and then the correlations were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The soil nutrient contents of 0 - 20 cm depth were more than the 20 - 40 cm, and the trends of nutrient contents of the 0 - 20 cm soil layers were as follows: treatment 2 (T2) > treatment 3 (T3) > treatment 4 (T4) > treatment 1(T1) > control (CK). However, the 20 - 40 cm depth had not significant difference between different treatments, but T2, T4 and T3 were higher than T1 and CK. It indicated that the soil effective nutrient content increased in T2 and T3. 2) Compared with the control, the content of K and B elements was improved obviously in leaves with the increase of organic manure application. The contents of P (1.60 g·kg-1), B (26.00 mg·kg-1) and Mg (1.18 g·kg-1) were the highest, and other nutrients contents were also higher, indicating that T2 could effectively improve the leaves’ nutrient contents. 3) The fruit yield per plant was the highest in T2 (95.40 kg plant-1), and the single fruit weight, total sugar, sugar and acid ratio, vitamin C were also the highest, but titratable acid was lower. It indicated that T2 effectively improved fruit yield and quality. 4) There were positive correlations between multiple factors of soil nutrients and the quality index, such as fruit peel thickness, total sugar, solid acid ratio, sugar and acid ratio, Vc content and single yield etc. There was significant correlation between K, B, Zn, Fe contents and fruit yield and quality index, and the contents of B, Zn and Fe in leaves were significantly correlated with soil nutrient, indicating that the contents of K, B, Zn, Fe in soil and leaf were closely related to fruit yield and quality. In sum, the T2 was the best fertilization scheme for orchard management practice of “Longanyou”.

Effects of Different Sowing Times on Plant Height, Leaf Stem Ratio and DW/FW Ratio of Forage Sorghum in Autumn Idle Land

The aim was to explore the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. [Method] The relationships between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and linear regression analysis. [Result] The sowing time had a great impact on plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. With the delay of sowing time, the plant height and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum decreased, while the leaf stem ratio increased. The regression models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were established： plant height and sowing time, yheight = 234.725- 5.005X; leaf stem ratio and sowing time,ylcaf= 0.096 ＋ 0,019x; DW/FW ratio and sowing time, ydry= 0.305-0.002X. From July 23rd to August 30th, the plant height of forage sorghum was reduced by 5.005 cm, the leaf stem ratio was increased by 0.019 and the DW/FW ratio was reduced by 0.002 in average when hhe sowing time was delayed by one day. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

Pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus: Achievements and challenges in the citrus industry: A review

Citruses are the worlds’ second fruit crops by volume next to banana. It is one of the most important commodity in tropical Africa as source of foreign currency, raw material for agro-industries and source of employment. The production and productivity of citrus in tropical Africa including Ethiopia are critically threatened by a number of diseases. Among others, pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot of citrus caused by a fungus Pseudocercospora angolensis is the most destructive disease of citrus. Literature reviews have been made by searching the available information on leaf and fruit spot of citrus. Journal articles, research papers, workshop proceedings, Thesis research, manuals, and quarantine regulations were among the information sources of the review. The disease is widespread in 22 African countries including Ethiopia with a single report around Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula. Scattered research efforts have been made by different researchers in Africa mainly dealing with its geographic distribution, biology, and management practices. Fungicides, plant extracts/essential oils, and host resistance are among the research efforts made for the control of P. angolensis. Even though the disease is not yet reported to the rest of the world, it becomes a serious concern as an important quarantine pest thereby critically affecting the world trade and germplasm exchange of the citrus industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to compile the scattered information on various aspects of leaf and fruit spot of citrus mainly to avail the information for researchers, development workers and policy people. Moreover, this review will suggest future research and development direction towards better understanding and sustainable management practices of the disease.

Yield, Leaf Senescence, and Cry1Ac Expression in Response to Removal of Early Fruiting Branches in Transgenic Bt Cotton

Two-year field experiments were conducted at Linqing, Yellow River valley of China, to study the plant response to the removal of early fruiting branches in transgenic Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） from 2003 to 2004. Plants were undamaged and treated by removing two basal fruiting branches （FB） at squaring to form the control and the removal treatment, respectively. The plant height, leaf area （LA）, dry weight of fruiting forms （DWFF）, the number of fruiting nodes （NFN）, photosynthetic （Pn） rate, and levels of leaf chlorophyll （Chl）, N, P, K, and Cry lAc protein in main- stem leaves were measured at a 10- or 20-d interval after FB removal, and the sink/source ratio as indicated by NFN/LA and DWFF/LA was determined. FB removal significantly increased the plant height, LA, and plant biomass in both years. Lint yields were increased 7.5 and 5.2% by removal compared with their controls in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Significant increases in boll size （5.7 and 5.1%） were also observed in removal than in control for both years. Either NFN/LA or DWFF/LA was significantly reduced by removal before 40 d after removal; however, both NFN/LA and DWFF/LA were significantly enhanced by FB removal at 80 d after removal compared to the untreated control. There was no significant difference in fiber quality in the first two harvests between removal and control, but fiber strength and micronarie in the third harvest were significantly improved by FB removal. In terms of leaf Chl, Pn rate, levels of total N, P, and K in late season, leaf senescence was considerably delayed by FB removal. Levels of CrylAc protein in the fully expanded young leaves were considerably higher in FB-excised plants than in control, indicating FB removal enhanced CrylAc expression. It is suggested that the yield and quality improvement with FB removal may be attributed to the increased NFN/LA or DWFF/LA in late season and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. FB removal can be a potential practice incorporated into the intensive cultivation system for enhancing transgenic Bt cotton production.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency of two dominant alpine grass species

Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two essential nutrients that determine plant growth and many nutrient cycling processes.Increasing N and P deposition is an important driver of ecosystem changes.However,in contrast to numerous studies about the impacts of nutrient addition on forests and temperate grasslands,how plant foliar stoichiometry and nutrient resorption respond to N and P addition in alpine grasslands is poorly understood.Therefore,we conducted an N and P addition experiment(involving control,N addition,P addition,and N+P addition)in an alpine grassland on Kunlun Mountains(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the changes in leaf nutrient concentrations(i.e.,leaf N,Leaf P,and leaf N:P ratio)and nutrient resorption efficiency of Seriphidium rhodanthum and Stipa capillata,which are dominant species in this grassland.Results showed that N addition has significant effects on soil inorganic N(NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N)and leaf N of both species in the study periods.Compared with green leaves,leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency in senesced leaves of S.rhodanthum was more sensitive to N addition,whereas N addition influenced leaf N and leaf N:P ratio in green and senesced leaves of S.capillata.N addition did not influence N resorption efficiency of the two species.P addition and N+P addition significantly improved leaf P and had a negative effect on P resorption efficiency of the two species in the study period.These influences on plants can be explained by increasing P availability.The present results illustrated that the two species are more sensitive to P addition than N addition,which implies that P is the major limiting factor in the studied alpine grassland ecosystem.In addition,an interactive effect of N+P addition was only discernable with respect to soil availability,but did not affect plants.Therefore,exploring how nutrient characteristics and resorption response to N and P addition in the alpine grassland is important to understand nutrient use strategy of plants in terrestrial ecosystems.

Integrated Use of Organic and Bio-fertilizers to Improve Yield and Fruit Quality of Olives Grown in Low Fertility Sandy Soil in an Arid Environment

Olive productivity should be improved through stimulating nutrition,particularly under poor fertility soils.Consequently,the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of applying organic and bio-fertilizers on the physiological growth,yield and fruit quality of olive trees under newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment.During a field experiment carried out at El-Qantara,North Sinai,Egypt over two consecutive seasons(2019-2020 and 2020-2021),olive Kalamata trees were evaluated under three organic fertilizer treatments alone or in combination with three bio-fertilizers treatments.Organic fertilizer was applied as goat manure(16.8 kg/tree/year),or olive pomace(8.5 kg/tree/year)in mid-December of each season vs.untreated trees.The bio-fertilizers were applied as N-fixing bacteria(150 g/tree)was inculated in early March of each season,or amino acid mixture(1.5%)was applied three times,at 70%of full bloom,21 days after full bloom,and a month later in comparison to a non-fertilized trees(control).The cultivar used was Kalamata,a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives whose value increases when processed as table olives.The results indicated that the goat manure followed by olive pomace significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,and carotenoids),leaf mineral contents(N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe),tree canopy volume,number of flowers per inflorescence,number of inflorescences per shoot,initial fruit set,fruit retention.For fruit quality,fruit length and width,fruit weight,and total fruit yield was increased compared to the non-fertilized control.Likewise,The bio-fertilizer N-fixing bacteria followed by the amino acid mixture significantly improved all of the aforementioned parameters.Accordingly,it is recommended,both environmentally and economically to utilize organic and bio-fertizers,particularly goat manure combined with N-fixing bacteria,in low-fertility soil to sustain olive production as well as reducing mineral fertilization.

Spectral parameter-based models for leaf potassium concentration estimation in Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut

Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut is produced by cross cultivation and is widely cultivated in northern China with good development prospects.Based on a field experiment of fertilizer efficiency,the leaf spectral reflectance and leaf potassium(K)concentration were measured with different quantities of K fertilizer applied at four fruit growth stages(fruit setting stage,fruit rapid growth stage,fruit fat-change stage,and fruit near-maturity stage)of Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut in 2019.Spectral parameters that were significantly correlated with leaf K concentration were selected using Pearson correlation analysis,and spectral parameter estimation models of leaf K concentration were established by employing six different modelling methods(exponential function,power function,logarithmic function,linear function,quadratic function,and cubic function).The results indicated that at the fruit setting period,leaf K concentration was significantly correlated with Dy(spectra slope of yellow edge),Rg(reflectance of the green peak position),λo(red valley position),SDb(blue edge area),SDr/SDb(where SDr represents red edge area),and(SDr–SDb)/(SDr+SDb)(P<0.01).There were significant correlations of leaf K concentration with Dy,Rg,SDb,Rg/Ro(where Ro is the reflectance of the red valley position),and(Rg–Ro)/(Rg+Ro)at the fruit rapid growth stage(P<0.01).Further,significant correlations of leaf K concentration with Rg,Ro,RNIR/Green,and RNIR/Blue were obtained at the fruit fat-change period(P<0.01).Finally,leaf K concentration showed significant correlations with Dr,Rg,Ro,SDy(yellow edge area),and SDr at the fruit near-maturity stage(P<0.01).Through a cubic function analysis,regression estimation model of leaf K concentration with highest fitting degree(R2)values at the four fruit growth stages was established.The findings in this study demonstrated that it is feasible to estimate leaf K concentration of Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut at the various phenological stages of fruit development by establishing regression models between leaf K concentration and spectral parameters.

Operation Benefit of Fruit Dealers in Shizishan Street Farm market

This paper mainly discussed the operation benefits of fruit dealers in farm market. Taking fruit dealers in Shizishan Street Farm market in Wuhan City as the research object,this paper introduced current operation situation of fruit dealers and made a descriptive statistical analysis on characteristics of operators,operation situation,and cognitive status. Besides,it introduced the concept of net cost-benefit ratio to reflect the operation benefits. From further analysis on the operation benefits of fruit dealers,it found that there is little difference in the costbenefit ratio between dealers in the farm market. The average net cost-benefit ratio was 11. 94%. Specifically,if the total cost is 100 yuan,the dealer can obtain 12 yuan net profit. In order to find out how cost factors affect the operation benefits,it established a regression model for cost factors and net cost-benefit ratio. According to the survey results,when the wholesale cost increases 10000 yuan,the cost-benefit ratio will increase by 1. 454 percentage points,thus increasing the wholesale investment is helpful for increasing the net cost-benefit ratio; when the loss cost increases 10000 yuan,the cost-benefit ratio will increase by 7. 501 percentage points,thus the dealers can increase the operation benefits through controlling the loss cost and reducing the operation cost. Finally,it came up policy recommendations from the perspective of government and operators.

Effect of Shoot-Fruit Ratio on Grape Yield,Quality and Storage Nutrient

With the grape variety ＂Summer Black＂ as the test material, the effects of different shoot-fruit ratios on grape yield, fruit quality and grapevine storage nutrient were investigated for 2 consecutive years, so as to determine the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Shandong. The results showed that the grapes with shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 had the highest soluble solid content, vitamin C content and grapevine storage nutrient. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 was the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Tai an of Shandong Province, and the yield was 1 179.37-1 288.63 kg per 667 m^2.

Evaluation of Tomato Lines against Septoria Leaf Spot under Field Conditions and Its Effect on Fruit Yield

Field studies were conducted at Hazara Agriculture Research Station, Abbottabad to evaluate thirteen AVRDC lines along with one commercial check (Roma) for potential of fruit yield against septoria leaf spot during summer season 2014. The disease established itself by natural infection and disease severity was estimated with the help of 0 - 5 disease rating scale after 15 days interval from the onset of symptoms. The lines showed significant difference in % septoria leaf spot infection. The disease severity % increased up to 100% in line AVTO1314 whereas the lowest % severity was recorded in AVTO1173 which showed the highest yield (468.1 g) with average fruit weight 122.22 g while the significantly lowest mean yield/plant (35.05 g) was calculated in line AVTO1314 with fruit weight 47.92 g. It was concluded that the line AVTO1173 could be useful in genetic programs for incorporating resistant genes in local tomato germplasm against septoria leaf spot disease.

Low Ca^2＋ Content and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ Ratio in Leaf Tissues Determine Salinity Tolerance in Spanish Type Groundnut （Arachis hypogeal L.）

The study was performed with seven groundnut varieties/genotypes and F1s derived from crossing in all possible combinations without reciprocal among the mentioned varieties/genotypes. The objective was to assess whether low Ca2＋ content and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue or stem tissue determine salinity tolerance in terms of economic yield （kernel yield） in groundnut. It revealed that the varieties, “Binachinabadam-6”, “Binachinabadam-5” and the F1 G2 × G3 were most tolerant based on kernel yield under 8 dS/m and 10 dS/m salinity stresses. These two tolerant varieties and the F1 also showed lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratios in leaf tissue, which indicated lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue determined salinity tolerance in terms of kernel yield in Spanish type groundnut. These findings could be applied in future plant breeding applications for screening salt tolerant Spanish type groundnut genotypes.

Impact of Progressive Pruning on Leaf Miner (Coelaenomenodera lameensis) Incidence and the Yield of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) —A Case Study of Benso Oil Palm Plantation Plc, Adum Banso Estate, Ghana

The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.

Study on the Relationship of Seedling Density and Line Spacing to Leaf-stem Ratio, DW/FW Ratio and Grass Yield of Forage Sweet Sorghum

[ Objectives ] The aim was to optimize the configuration of seedling density and line spacing of forage sweet sorghum （ Sorghum blcolor （ L. ） Moench） and explore its high-yield cultivation techniques. [ Methods] Effects of such two influencing factors as line spacing and seedling density on the leaf-stem ratio, DW/FW ratio and grass yield of forage sweet sorghum were analyzed by using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statis- tics. v22 stati, stics software. [ Results ~ Seedling density and line spacing had no obvious effect on the leaf-stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sweet sorghum but had obvious influences on the grass yield. Moreover, the optimal combination of seedling density and line spacing for high yield of forage sweet sorghum was A2 B4, that is, seedling density was 225 000 plants/hm2, and line spacing was 40 cm. [ Conclusions] The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation techniques of forage sweet sorghum.

不同叶果比对设施‘红美人’杂柑秋梢叶片生理生化特征的影响

为探究不同叶果比(leaffruitratio,LFR)对设施柑橘秋梢叶片生理生化特征的影响,以设施栽培‘红美人’杂柑为试材,设置高(LFR=100)、中(LFR=80)、低(LFR=60)3个叶果比,测定秋梢叶片中矿质元素、碳氮代谢物、碳氮代谢的关键酶、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的变化。结果显示,LFR80和LFR100秋梢叶片的磷、钾、镁、淀粉含量较高;丙二醛、脯氨酸、抗坏血酸含量较低;β-淀粉酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性较高;LFR80和LFR100秋梢叶片整体养分含量充足,受胁迫程度较低。结果表明,设施栽培‘红美人’杂柑的叶果比控制在80~100有利用于平衡营养生长和生殖生长,延缓叶片衰老,维持树势强健。

贺兰山东麓葡萄园不同方位摘叶对赤霞珠果实品质的影响

酿酒葡萄转色后摘叶会改变微气候,从而影响葡萄果实糖、酸、酚类物质等品质因子的积累。以南北行向种植的赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为试验材料,在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄果园开展葡萄东面摘叶、西面摘叶和东西两面摘叶三种方式摘叶试验,以田间正常叶幕水平为对照,研究不同摘叶方位对成熟期果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,赤霞珠酿酒葡萄果实转色后进行东面摘叶可使成熟果实中可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、总酸、糖酸比、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和单宁含量不同程度增加,其中果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量增加显著;果实还原糖、总酚、花青素含量比对照减少,但差异不显著。(2)西面摘叶处理下成熟葡萄果实可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酚和花青素含量略下降,果糖、苹果酸、柠檬酸和单宁显著上升,葡萄糖和酒石酸含量略上升。(3)双面摘叶葡萄果实的单宁含量显著增加,葡萄糖、果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量略增加,可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酸、苹果酸、总酚和花青素含量都比对照要低。综合分析认为,摘叶后葡萄果实糖的含量整体呈不显著增加,但东面摘叶处理葡萄果实中酸含量均提高、单宁含量增加,总酚和花青素虽然略有减少,减少幅度相对最小。针对目前贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区糖高酸低现状,建议在贺兰山东麓南北行向种植的葡萄园,采用东面摘叶为主的叶幕管理模式进行果实品质因子调控,从而达到平衡葡萄果实整体风味物质的作用。

果型和抗性基因协同对番茄黄化曲叶病毒带毒量的影响

以12份番茄种质为试材,其具有2类果实大小和3种不同抗性基因,通过检测番茄黄化曲叶病毒病田间抗性和带毒量指标,探索果实大小、抗病基因与田间抗性、带毒量之间的关系。结果显示,在自然传毒情况下,所有番茄材料都能检测到病毒感染。在番茄定植后28 d,小果型番茄M8(I)、M5(I)、M3(I)、M7(I)、M9(I)和M11(HR)带毒量均较低,大果型番茄M6(S)、M10(S)、M4(S)和M2(S)带毒量均较高,且小果型番茄田间发病率明显低于大果型番茄。除了Ty-1/ty-1单基因抗性不受番茄果实大小影响外,携带其他单基因或聚合基因抗性的番茄种质均与果实大小有关。在此节点上,带毒量越高抗性越弱,带毒量越低抗性越强。总体来说,在遭受番茄黄化曲叶病毒侵染时,小果型番茄田间抗性强于大果型番茄。

光谱技术在果树叶片营养诊断上的应用研究进展

光谱技术具有分析速度快、操作简单、多元素同时监测、不需要消耗化学药品、自动化程度较高等特点,其可以实现作物单株和大样本的营养诊断和分析。综述了光谱技术在果树叶片大量元素(N、P、K)、中微量元素(Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)营养诊断上的应用研究进展,并讨论了该领域今后进一步的研究方向。

杏树叶果及土壤矿质营养的动态变化分析

以‘苏路克’杏(Prunus armeniaca L.‘Suluke’)为试材,采用方差分析和相关性分析方法,研究了不同发育期的杏叶片、果实以及不同深度土壤中矿质元素含量的变化规律及其相关性对杏树生长发育的影响,以期为该地区杏园土肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明:在杏树果实发育的整个阶段,不同深度土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、B和Fe矿质元素整体波动均较大;杏叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn、Fe元素含量均下降;除N元素外,杏果实中各矿质元素含量均呈下降趋势,幼果期内其他各矿质元素含量明显大于果实成熟期。相关分析结果表明,土壤中的N、K元素对杏叶片中矿质元素含量有较大影响,土壤中N、K、B元素对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响,且叶片中P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响。综上,建议(生产上)在实际生产过程中,在幼果期前(4月上旬至中旬)需满足土壤中N、P、K肥;在果实膨大期前(4月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施N、Ca、Cu、Zn、B、Fe肥;在硬核期前(5月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施P、K、Mg肥;在果实成熟期后(7月中旬至9月中旬),以施有机肥为主,复合肥为辅。