The Effect of Inquiry-Based Learning Strategy on EFL Tenth-Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension

This study examined the potential effect of Inquiry-Based Learning Strategy(IBL)on the tenth-grade students’reading comprehension.Two groups and a quasi-experimental design were used.Two complete sections of grade 10 students from a public Secondary School for Girls in Irbid was randomly assigned by the researcher.The experimental group of 30 students was chosen first,and then the control group of 30 students.A pre-post reading comprehension test was designed before and after the study in order to fulfill its goals.Additionally,the experimental group was taught using the IBL strategy,whereas the control group was taught using the traditional teaching methods recommended in the tenth-grade Teacher’s Book.According to the findings,there were significant statistical differences favoring the experimental group over the control group.In light of the findings,the researcher recommended employing the IBL strategy to students with various levels and EFL skills.

Using Cooperative Learning Strategy to Teach Speaking among Chinese College EFL Students

Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.

Investigation of English learning strategy employed by senior middle school students in Zhanjiang City： A comparison of students from urban and rural areas

After a review of learning strategy research in China and abroad, this paper made an investigation on the differences in use of learning strategies reported by urban and rural students from four middle schools in Zhanjiang city. The investigation revealed the following findings： urban students employ cognitive and social strategies more frequently than rural students; urban students reported a wider range of strategies compared with their rural peers; urban students of intermediate achievements employ more social strategies than their rural peers, while rural students use affective strategy significantly more often; urban and rural students reported different patterns of gender difference.

Anderson's Cognitive Theory and Learning Strategy Studies in Second Language Acquisition

Second language acquisition can not be understood without addressing the interaction between language and cognition. Cognitive theory can extend to describe learning strategies as complex cognitive skills. Theoretical developments in Anderson’s production systems cover a broader range of behavior than other theories, including comprehension and production of oral and written texts as well as comprehension, problem solving, and verbal learning.Thus Anderson’s cognitive theory can be served as a rationale for learning strategy studies in second language acquisition.

An Analysis of the Impact of Language Learning Styles on Learning Strategy Preferences

This study is designed to explore the impact of LLS （Language Learning Styles） on learning strategy preferences through questionnaire and data analysis. The aim of the study is to make an through investigation of Chinese non-English majors＇ learning styles and their learning strategies in English study, and to analyze the impact of learning styles on learning strategy preferences statistically so as to provide empirical evidence in this field, and then present some implications for college English teaching and learning in Chinese context. This study has significance for pedagogy. Teachers should make language learners aware of their own learning styles and strategy preferences and help them select strategies matching their own style preferences in second language learning. It is hoped that this study can benefit language teachers, learners, and researchers to some extent and can spark more teaching research in the future.

Research of Spoken Language Learning Strategy in the Second Language Communication Process

Spoken language learning strategy study is everlasting and often fresh topic, which can come to different conclusions from different point of views. This paper focuses on the second language communication process, trying to find out the possible spoken language phenomenon and the corresponding spoken language learning strategies. At the same time, the factors influencing the learners＇ adoption of spoken language learning strategy as well as the hints for teaching spoken language in class are hopefully to be summarized.

The Effects of Integrating Language Learning Strategy into EFL Instruction for Non-English Major Students in Vocational Technical Colleges

Language learning strategies play an important role in language learning. Students in vocational technical colleges have been regarded as low English proficiency learners due to their weak foundation in learning English. To explore the solution, the present study employed a specific survey of language learning strategy use and tried to conduct a one-semester language learning strategy training, aiming to investigate the effects of integrating language learning strategy into EFL instruction for non-English major students in vocational technical colleges. We found after the instruction, the difference in the frequency of overall strategy use between the experimental group and the control group was significant indicating that the students could be trained with language learning strategies to enhance the frequency of their strategy use. After language learning strategy instruction, the experimental group didn＇t perform significantly better than the control group in terms of their English language proficiency. However, the results of this present study still supported this viewpoint that the strategy instruction had positive impacts to some extent if properly conducted, for it had positive effects on enhancing students＇ language learning strategy use.

An Investigation and Analysis in English Learning Strategy of SFLS Students

There is a close relationship between English learning strategy and language proficiency. This study is aimed to investigate how frequently students in our school use different English learning strategies. With the detailed analysis of the questionnaire data, it is hoped that strategy awareness can be gradually cultivated in students' mind.

Learning Strategy Training in Foreign Language Teaching

A great many recent studies have shown that making good use of learning strategies can contribute much to students' foreign language learning. This paper deals with some important issues about strategy training based on O'Malley and Chamot's theory, including the concept, value and goals of strategy training and approaches to such training.

Exploration on Learning Strategy in Second Language Acquisition

Learning strategies can be seen as particular techniques used by learners to have a good mastery of a second language.This articles aims to summarize the different opinions about learning strategies from different scholars in the hope of inspiring peo⁃ple to seek for more efficient strategies to be successful learners.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Language Learning Strategy Training for Chinese Adult English Learners

This paper explores how to implement effective strategy training for part-time Chinese adult English learners in a tertiary FLT （Foreign Language Teaching） classroom. Through a study of threx~ semesters during which six sessions of learner training workshops and constant, integrated task-based instruction were carried out, empirical evidence was collected via the instrument of questionnaires, interviews, learners＇ regular written reports, and the findings indicate that： （1） The students reported a statistically significant increase of the overaU average frequency of language strategy use over all SILL （The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） items with 2.95 at the beginning and 3.61 at the end; and （2） Well-organized, explicit, and discrete leaner training workshops combined with frequent, explicit, and integrated task-based strategy instruction are an effective and helpful way to improve learners＇ awareness, selection, and frequency of strategy use, which can further foster learner autonomy.

How to improve machine learning models for lithofacies identification by practical and novel ensemble strategy and principles

Typically, relationship between well logs and lithofacies is complex, which leads to low accuracy of lithofacies identification. Machine learning (ML) methods are often applied to identify lithofacies using logs labelled by rock cores. However, these methods have accuracy limits to some extent. To further improve their accuracies, practical and novel ensemble learning strategy and principles are proposed in this work, which allows geologists not familiar with ML to establish a good ML lithofacies identification model and help geologists familiar with ML further improve accuracy of lithofacies identification. The ensemble learning strategy combines ML methods as sub-classifiers to generate a comprehensive lithofacies identification model, which aims to reduce the variance errors in prediction. Each sub-classifier is trained by randomly sampled labelled data with random features. The novelty of this work lies in the ensemble principles making sub-classifiers just overfitting by algorithm parameter setting and sub-dataset sampling. The principles can help reduce the bias errors in the prediction. Two issues are discussed, videlicet (1) whether only a relatively simple single-classifier method can be as sub-classifiers and how to select proper ML methods as sub-classifiers;(2) whether different kinds of ML methods can be combined as sub-classifiers. If yes, how to determine a proper combination. In order to test the effectiveness of the ensemble strategy and principles for lithofacies identification, different kinds of machine learning algorithms are selected as sub-classifiers, including regular classifiers (LDA, NB, KNN, ID3 tree and CART), kernel method (SVM), and ensemble learning algorithms (RF, AdaBoost, XGBoost and LightGBM). In this work, the experiments used a published dataset of lithofacies from Daniudi gas field (DGF) in Ordes Basin, China. Based on a series of comparisons between ML algorithms and their corresponding ensemble models using the ensemble strategy and principles, conclusions are drawn: (1) not only decision tree but also other single-classifiers and ensemble-learning-classifiers can be used as sub-classifiers of homogeneous ensemble learning and the ensemble can improve the accuracy of the original classifiers;(2) the ensemble principles for the introduced homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble strategy are effective in promoting ML in lithofacies identification;(3) in practice, heterogeneous ensemble is more suitable for building a more powerful lithofacies identification model, though it is complex.

Training Low-Achiever EFL Learners with Metacognitive Strategy Training for Effective Vocabulary Retention

There is ample research on the vocabulary learning strategies used by EFL and ESL learners.Moreover,many researchers have attempted to discern the effectiveness of teaching vocabulary learning strategies instruction.However,the impact of using metacognitive strategies along with vocabulary learning strategies on weak language learners has not been researched.The aim of this paper is to report on the effects of training low-achiever English as a foreign language learners with vocabulary learning strategies along with metacognitive strategies on vocabulary acquisition.Two B1 level groups of students were assigned as treatment and control groups at a university in Istanbul,Turkey.A Vocabulary Strategy Use Survey was given to identify the vocabulary strategy use of the subjects at the outset of the study.The treatment group was trained on vocabulary learning strategies combined with metacognitive strategy training.The control group studied the same words without any training.A vocabulary test was administered to both groups as a post-test and the results were compared.The findings of the Post-Test demonstrated that training weak language learners with vocabulary learning strategies along with metacognitive strategies has a positive impact on helping these learners increase their lexical knowledge,as the experimental group scored higher on the post-test compared to the control group.

LEARNING STRATEGY TRAINING——A CRUTCH FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Successful FL learners are characterized by knowing how to use language learning strategies effectively. This pilot study demonstrates the procedure to cultivate the effectiveness of the strategy training to the learners of low language proficiency. It begins with a questionnaire surveying the learners' use of strategy in language acquisition, and then a strategy training integrated with the class teaching and learners' learning diary are introduced. The analysis proves that strategy training to learners of low proficiency can become a crutch for their further study.The role of teachers in the process of the training is also discussed. The author proposes that teachers should be ready for the shift of the role to be an organizer, facilitator, councilor or cooperator, even a negotiator in the road of promoting autonomous learners.

Performance releaser with smart anchor learning for arbitrary‐oriented object detection

Arbitrary‐oriented object detection is widely used in aerial image applications because of its efficient object representation.However,the use of oriented bounding box aggravates the imbalance between positive and negative samples when using one‐stage object detectors,which seriously decreases the detection accuracy.We believe that it is the anchor learning strategy(ALS)used by such detectors that needs to take the responsibility.In this study,three perspectives on ALS design were summarised and ALS—Performance Releaser with Smart Anchor Learning(PRSAL)was proposed.Performance Releaser with Smart Anchor Learning is a dynamic ALS that utilises anchor classification ability as an equivalent indicator to anchor box regression ability,this allows anchors with high detection potential to be filtered out in a more reasonable way.At the same time,PRSAL focuses more on anchor potential and it is able to automatically select a number of positive samples that far exceed that of other methods by activating anchors that previously had a low spatial overlap,thereby releasing the detection performance.We validate the PRSAL using three remote sensing datasets—HRSC2016,DOTA and UCAS‐AOD as well as one scene text dataset—ICDAR 2013.The experimental results show that the proposed method gives substantially better results than existing models.

English Vocabulary Learning Strategy Use in a Chinese Key Middle School

This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 first year junior secondary school pupils （247 boys and 228 girls） were surveyed about their strategy use in learning English vocabulary. Sixteen pupils （8 boys and 8 girls） participated in paired semi-structured interviews about their experiences of learning English vocabulary. Drawing on socio-cultural perspectives on language learning, the inquiry established the interconnections between the participants＇ strategy use and beliefs and identified the roles that agency played in their vocabulary learning. The analysis of interview data further revealed that the participants＇ strategy use emerged from interaction between their agency and the mediation of contextual resources and social agents including parents and teachers. These findings suggest that it is important for language teachers to collaborate with social agents such as parents in their efforts to support young learners＇ strategic vocabulary learning.

LEARNING STRATEGY TRAINING AND LISTENING PROFICIENCY:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF NON-ENGLISH MAJOR UNDERGRADUATES

笔者就语言学习策略培训对学生听力理解的影响进行了实证研究,旨在探求学习策略培训的有效性。研究随机选取大学二年级两个实验班的同学作为研究对象,运用Oxford(1996)学习策略问卷和大学英语四级考试听力部分试题作为研究工具,对经历了15周策略培训的实验班和对照班进行了测试和评估。研究结果表明:学习策略培训对学生听力理解有促进作用,可使学生听力成绩明显提高。文末提出了研究的启示,即教师应充分认识策略培训的重要性,把策略教学融入正常的听力教学中,鼓励学生在听力理解过程中运用学习策略,从而帮助其成为更有效的听力学习者。

Study and application of reinforcement learning based on DAI in cooperative strategy of robot soccer

A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.

Relationships Between Chinese EFL Learners’IELTS Band Score and Motivated Strategies for Learning

EFL learners,who study English as a foreign language,often use different learning strategies in the learning process,with positive and negative results in their academic performance.Whether these learning strategies are effective or not are questions to be explored.So,the author examined the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’test results and the use of motivated strategies for learning in English learning.Participants are students who have taken a high-stake standardized English proficiency test:IELTS(International English Language Testing System)with band score obtained.The results show that students’performance on high-stakes assessment is significantly associated with the use of motivated learning strategies like internal value in sharp contrast to test anxiety,which bears no relevance.Interviews are then implemented to candidates with different levels of English proficiency to figure out other related factors contributing to the test results.

A Brief Study of Second Language Learning Strategies From the Perspective of Error Analysis

Language teaching is not a one-way process.It interacts with language learning in an extremely intricate way.To improve language teaching,we need to take the process of language learning into account.This paper tries to explore and understand what strategies the second language learners consciously or subconsciously adopt during their language learning process through the analyses of the linguistic errors they commit,so as to provide some insights into language teaching practice.