Influence of Operating Parameters on Unbalance in Rotating Machinery Using Response Surface Method

Wide range of rotating machinery contains an inherent amount of unbalance which leads to increase in the vibration level and related faults.In this work,the effect of different operating conditions viz.the unbalanced weight,radius,speed and position of the rotor disc on the unbalance in rotating machine are studied experimentally and analyzed by using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).RSM is a technique which consists of mathematical and statistical methods to develop the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a system by distinct functions.L27 Orthogonal Array(OA)was developed by using Design of Experiments(DOE)according to which experimentation has been carried out.Three accelerometer sensors were mounted to record the vibration responses(accelerations)in radially vertical,horizontal and axial directions.The responses recorded as root mean square values are then analysed using RSM.The relationship between response and operating factors has been established by developing a second order,non-linear mathematical model.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)has been performed for verification of the developed mathematical models.Results obtained from the analysis show that the unbalance weight and speed are most significant operating conditions that contribute the most to the effect the unbalance has on the rotating spindle.

DISTRIBUTION LAW OF RANDOM UNBALANCE RESPONSE OF MULTISTAGE BLOWER

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Study on least square modeling of heat engineering object based on typical signal response

This paper proposes a kind of least square modeling method based on typical signal response to enhance modeling accuracy of heat engineering process and adapts the environment that modeling experiment conditions are limited. The principle of this method is, under the condition of known typical pulse, step and slope signal response and model structure, to give algorithm of model parameters of identified continuous system by least square mode through derivation. The method is applied to the identification of heat exchange process for a consumer substation, and identification result obtained is compared with that of other conventional methods. After the comparison the result shows that identification accuracy is improved obviously. In addition to the good identification accuracy, this method has the characteristics such as it can identify directly continuous system model, pure lagging time, and is not sensitive to data length in the identification process. All these characteristics show that this method is simple, easy to implement and has good practicability.

TRANSIENT-STATE RESPONSE OF WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETO-ELECTRO-ELASTIC SQUARE COLUMN

This is a continued work in studying the wave propagation in a magneto-electroelastic square column （MEESC）. Based on the analytic dispersive equation, group velocity equation and steady-state response obtained in our previous paper ＇Steady-state response of the wave propagation in a magneto-electro-elastic square column＇ published in CME, the dynamical behavior of MEESC was studied in this paper. The unlimited column is an open system. The transientstate response in the open system subjected by arbitrary external fields was derived when the propagating wave pursuing method was introduced.

AN EQUIVALENT NONLINEARIZATION METHOD FOR ANALYSINGRESPONSE OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS TO RANDOM EXCITATIONS

In this paper, a new equivalent nonlinearization method is developed and used in analysing the response of nonlinear systems to Gaussian while noise excitation. Its basic idea and calculation method are expounded. With the help of the presented method, several kinds of usual nonlinear random vibration systems are analyzed. The numerical results show that the mean square responses of the proposed approach are much closer to the exact solutions or Monte Carlo solutions, than that obtained from equivalent linearization method.

A highly-efficient method for stationary response of multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear stochastic systems

Analytical and numerical studies of multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) nonlinear stochastic or deterministic dynamic systems have long been a technical challenge.This paper presents a highly-efficient method for determining the stationary probability density functions(PDFs) of MDOF nonlinear systems subjected to both additive and multiplicative Gaussian white noises. The proposed method takes advantages of the sufficient conditions of the reduced Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov(FPK) equation when constructing the trial solution. The assumed solution consists of the analytically constructed trial solutions satisfying the sufficient conditions and an exponential polynomial of the state variables, and delivers a high accuracy of the solution because the analytically constructed trial solutions capture the main characteristics of the nonlinear system. We also make use of the concept from the data-science and propose a symbolic integration over a hypercube to replace the numerical integrations in a higher-dimensional space, which has been regarded as the insurmountable difficulty in the classical method of weighted residuals or stochastic averaging for high-dimensional dynamic systems. Three illustrative examples of MDOF nonlinear systems are analyzed in detail. The accuracy of the numerical results is validated by comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) or the available exact solution. Furthermore, we also show the substantial gain in the computational efficiency of the proposed method compared with the MCS.

压气机试验件转子对试验台转子横振不平衡响应的影响

重型燃气轮机压气机试验台系统的动力学性能由试验台转子与试验件转子共同决定。对于已经建成的试验台,在实际运转过程中,需要满足不同试验件的实验需求。因此,在设计试验件转子时,需要考虑其对试验台转子横振不平衡响应的影响。将未知试验件转子的动力学特性模化为试验台转子和试验件转子交界面上的机械阻抗,在交界面处利用机械阻抗综合法的阻抗匹配原理来确定试验件转子对试验台转子横振不平衡响应的影响,得出未知试验件转子的设计限制范围。最后,建立了某一试验台转子和试验件转子的动力学模型,分析了该系统的横向振动不平衡响应,验证了试验件转子不平衡响应的设计限制范围的有效性。研究结论为压气机试验件转子的设计提供了指导意见。

基于最小二乘的阵风响应非线性降阶模型研究

阵风是大气中一种强度较大的风扰动。降阶模型是解决阵风响应CFD数值模拟计算成本高和周期长的有效手段。针对阵风响应的高效高精度计算分析需求,基于非定常CFD数值模拟和本征正交分解并行方法,研究发展了基于物理的非线性最小二乘法阵风响应非线性预测降阶模型,采用亚声速和跨声速算例进行了验证。阵风响应非线性降阶模型预测结果与CFD非定常计算结果的对比分析表明:该模型具有可靠的计算精度和较高的效率,适合用于飞机设计所需的阵风精确高效快速分析。

复合梁结构小型六维力传感器的优化设计

文中设计了一种三横梁与三竖梁复合的六维力传感器弹性体结构,使其外径缩小至40 mm,整个传感器装配完成后外径为45 mm。首先基于有限元技术分析了其在各种载荷条件下的应变分布,根据应变分布特性,设计了传感器的惠斯登电桥方案,推导了每个方向的输出电压公式。在此基础上,基于Box-Behnken响应面法开展弹性体结构的优化,以弹性体上应变片贴片位置的平均应变作为优化目标,通过多目标遗传算法得到最优设计参数,F_(x)、F_(y)、F_(z)、M_(x)、M_(y)、M_(z) 6个方向的平均应变分别是优化前的1.5833、1.5632、1.7338、1.5113、1.5109、2.171倍。进行样机制作,完成标定实验,使用最小二乘法求得解耦矩阵,通过解耦矩阵求得传感器的Ι类误差分别为0.18%、0.42%、0.41%、0.05%、0.49%、0.6%,ΙΙ类误差最大值为1.665%,精度高,维间耦合小,验证了该结构的可行性。

基于均方根容积卡尔曼滤波的船舶操纵运动响应模型参数辨识

为了解决扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)算法在船舶操纵运动模型参数辨识中存在辨识精度低、稳定性差和泛化能力弱的问题,提出了一种基于均方根容积卡尔曼滤波(square root cubature Kalman filter,SRCKF)的辨识算法。在CKF框架下将方差矩阵的均方根代替原始方差矩阵,使用三角分解对其进行预测和更新以提高辨识的稳定性。将EKF作为对比算法,利用四阶龙格库塔法解算的数值仿真数据,对舵角符合舵机伺服机构变化的船舶二阶非线性响应模型参数进行辨识,并将得到的辨识模型开展泛化能力验证试验。结果表明:SRCKF算法具有比EKF算法更高的辨识精度、稳定性和泛化能力。

鸡根标准汤剂提取工艺优化及其质量标准建立

目的优化鸡根标准汤剂提取工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法在单因素试验基础上,以浸泡时间、加水量、一煎时间为影响因素,3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖含量、出膏率的综合评分为评价指标,响应面法优化提取工艺。测定3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖含量及转移率,建立HPLC特征图谱,进行聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析。结果最佳条件为浸泡时间60 min,加水量(12+11)倍,煎煮时间(47+20)min,综合评分为97.98分。15批标准汤剂平均出膏率为14.182%,转移率为20.468%;其特征图谱中有6个共有峰,相似度均大于0.9(除S4、S8外)。各批标准汤剂聚为2类,3种主成分累积方差贡献率达91.4%,峰2、6为质量标志物。结论该方法精密稳定,重复性好,可用于鸡根标准汤剂的制备及质量控制。

An approach of dynamic response analysis of nonlinear structures based on least square Volterra kernel function identification

Analysis of the dynamic response of a complex nonlinear system is always a difficult problem.By using Volterra functional series to describe a nonlinear system,its response analysis can be similar to using Fourier/Laplace transform and linear transfer function method to analyse a linear system’s response.In this paper,a dynamic response analysis method for nonlinear systems based on Volterra series is developed.Firstly,the recursive formula of the least square method is established to solve the Volterra kernel function vector,and the corresponding MATLAB programme is compiled.Then,the Volterra kernel vector corresponding to the nonlinear response of a structure under seismic excitation is identified,and the accuracy and applicability of using the kernel vector to predict the response of a nonlinear structure are analysed.The results show that the Volterra kernel function identified by the derived recursive formula can accurately describe the nonlinear response characteristics of a structure under an excitation.For a general nonlinear system,the first three order Volterra kernel function can relatively accurately express its nonlinear response characteristics.In addition,the obtained Volterra kernel function can be used to accurately predict the nonlinear response of a structure under the similar type of dynamic load.

基于平滑切换的不平衡工况下直驱风机故障穿越控制策略

目前已有的风电机组故障穿越控制策略和相关标准主要针对三相平衡故障或仅考虑不平衡工况下的单一控制目标,文中重点研究了直驱风机并网系统在三相不平衡故障下的多目标协同故障穿越控制策略。首先,在不平衡工况下网侧逆变器瞬时功率模型的基础上,分析了传统控制策略下直驱风机输出电流三相不平衡、有功功率与无功功率二倍频振荡及其导致的直流母线电压波动机理。为了实现不平衡故障下的多目标协同控制,提出了基于最小二乘法的最优电流设定值求解方法。此外,考虑到故障过程中网侧变流器直流电压环对电流控制的钳制作用,提出了一种基于状态跟随的平滑切换控制策略以减小切换过程的暂态冲击,即故障穿越期间直流电压控制从网侧变流器平滑切换至机侧变流器。与传统故障穿越控制策略相比,所提故障穿越控制策略可以同时实现对不平衡电流、有功及无功功率波动的有效抑制,避免了单独控制有功或无功功率振荡时易出现的电流指令值饱和现象,提高了直驱风机故障穿越控制性能。最后,利用PSCDAD/EMTDC仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性和优越性。

含中介轴承的双转子系统动力学建模及振动分析

为了深入研究复杂工况下燃气轮机双转子系统的动力学特征,根据中介轴承对双转子系统的耦合作用,基于Ansys建立中介轴承-双转子系统三维实体有限元模型,进行仿真模拟。考虑内外转子转速、负载、偏心、接触及摩擦等因素,计算整个系统的固有振动特性及临界转速,并与试验结果进行对比验证。计算双转子系统在不同转速下的振动响应,分析其不平衡振动耦合特性规律,为工程实际中转子系统的设计提供参考。

基于多主导极点法的时滞积分系统PID控制器设计

伺服与扰动抑制是时滞积分系统最基本的控制问题,对其进行控制难度较大。文中提出一种基于直接综合法和多主导极点配置法的微分先行PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)整定方法,这种方法通过比较串联滤波器与时滞积分被控对象组成的特征方程与实际期望的特征方程的系数,将三阶主导极点置于-1/λ处,并将二阶非主导极点置于-5/λ处(λ为调整参数),从而获得期望的特征方程。以实现期望的鲁棒性方式获得设计的控制器参数,通过选择不同的调优参数获取相应的Ms(Maximum sensitivity)值,在参数具有标称性的限定条件下拟合出关于Ms和调优参数的关系曲线,给出整定规则的解析形式。PIPTD(Pure Integral Plus Time Delay system)、DIPTD(Double Integral Plus Time Delay system)和FOPTDI(First-Order Plus Time Delay Integral System)系统的仿真结果表明,IAE(Integral Absolute Error)指标平均可降低35.79%,TV(Total Variation)指标平均可降低18.97%。

基于修正辅助变量法的船舶操纵响应模型辨识

为了解决有色噪声干扰对船舶操纵响应模型参数的有偏估计问题,本文提出一种递推修正辅助变量最小二乘法对船舶操纵二阶响应模型进行参数辨识。算法在递推辅助变量最小二乘法的基础上,针对辨识模型引入动态滤波模型改善有色噪声的统计特性,使得系统被估参数值在有色噪声干扰的情况下也能无偏趋近于参数真值。为了验证所提算法的有效性,在实船Z形试验数据的基础上,将递推修正辅助变量最小二乘法、递推辅助变量最小二乘法、增广最小二乘法和标准最小二乘法所辨识得到的模型的进行比较。结果表明:递推修正辅助变量最小二乘法的辨识模型相比其余三者的辨识模型与船舶实际航向角的拟合精度和泛化精度更高,对应的均方根拟合误差和均方根泛化误差分别可达到1°和2°以下,最大绝对误差分别在3°和4°以下。

路面不平度模型对车辆侧翻瞬态响应的影响分析

精准的路面不平度模型可以提高车辆在瞬态响应的估算精度。结合国标中的标准路面谱和路面形貌自相似性特点,利用傅里叶逆变换法和正方形细分法分别建立平整路面、二维路面和三维路面模型。在双移线、鱼钩工况和角阶跃典型工况下,对比分析不同路面不同平度模型下横向载荷转移率(LTR)、侧向加速度、横摆角速度和侧倾角4个瞬态响应的区别。其中三维路面模型对各响应影响最大,车辆侧翻时其各响应的数值达到侧翻阈值。验证了多维度路面模型建立的可行性,为车辆侧翻瞬态响应研究提供了理论基础。

基于试验设计的乘用车前纵梁结构耐撞性优化分析

为了提高汽车的结构耐撞性,以某插电式混合动力轿车的前纵梁为研究对象,参照中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP),基于正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验工况要求,建立汽车前纵梁有限元模型,以汽车前纵梁的横截面积、内外板材料及厚度为研究对象,以比吸能、平均压溃力和压溃效率为研究目标,对汽车前纵梁进行仿真分析。基于哈默斯雷采样法选取样本点,运用改进的最小二乘法对前纵梁进行响应面优化,结果表明,优化后汽车前纵梁的比吸能提升了1129.14J/kg,平均压溃力提升了8.2kN,压溃效率提升了2.59百分点。

Dynamic Behavior of a Brushless in Runner Motor

In this article, a model of a rotor with an asymmetric disk is presented in order to represent Campbell’s diagrams and instability maps as a function of the rotations of the support which can significantly change the dynamic behavior of the rotor. Critical rotating speeds can also lead to unacceptable levels of vibration. Indeed, the critical speeds are a function of the dynamic rigidity of the rotating systems and the presence of the gyroscopic forces creates a dependence between the rotating speed of rotation and the natural frequencies to such structures (the CAMPBELL diagrams): this implies that the correct determination of the critical speeds is one of the essential elements when sizing such dynamic systems.

石英挠性加速度计阻尼参数闭环检测方法

石英挠性加速度计作为一种高精度惯性测量传感器,被广泛用于航天器姿态控制及惯性导航中。在石英挠性加速度计设计时,摆组件在腔体内的阻尼系数是一项重要的参数。与摆组件的转动惯量及挠性梁刚度等参数不同,阻尼系数与摆片的表面积、摆组件工作间隙、大气压强等多种因素相关。为了获取石英挠性加速度计正常工作状态下阻尼特性参数,研究了一种基于系统闭环频率响应的阻尼系数测量方法。利用水平振动台获取石英挠性加速度计幅频特性曲线,采用最小二乘参数拟合的方法对石英挠性加速度计阻尼特性参数进行辨识。利用辨识得到的阻尼系数进行仿真,并绘制幅频特性曲线与实际采样输出比对,验证了基于系统频率响应的闭环测量方法有效可行。