Joint Detection of Serum Vitamin D,Body Mass Index,and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for the Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease

Objective Vitamin D(VD)deficiency was reported to contribute to the progression of Crohn’s disease(CD)and affect the prognosis of CD patients.This study investigated the role of serum VD,body mass index(BMI),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.Methods CD patients(n=76)and healthy subjects(n=76)were enrolled between May 2019 and December 2020.The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels,BMI,and TNF-αlevels,together with other biochemical parameters,were assessed before treatment.The diagnostic efficacy of the single and joint detection of serum 25(OH)D,BMI,and TNF-αwas determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The levels of 25(OH)D,BMI,and nutritional indicators,including hemoglobin,total protein,albumin,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,were much lower,and the TNF-αlevels were much higher in the CD patients than in the healthy subjects(P<0.05 for all).The areas under the ROC curve for the single detection of 25(OH)D,BMI,and TNF-αwere 0.887,0.896,and 0.838,respectively,with the optimal cutoff values being 20.64 ng/mL,19.77 kg/m^(2),and 6.85 fmol/mL,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of the joint detection of 25(OH)D,BMI,and TNF-αwas the highest,with an area under the ROC curve of 0.988(95%CI:0.968–1.000).Conclusion The joint detection of 25(OH)D,TNF-α,and BMI showed high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy in CD diagnosis;thus,it would be effective for the diagnosis of CD in clinical practice.

Did weekly economic index and volatility index impact US food sales during the first year of the pandemic?

We explore the impacts of economic and financial dislocations caused by COVID-19 pandemic shocks on food sales in the United States from January 2020 to January 2021.We use the US weekly economic index(WEI)to measure economic dislocations and the Chicago Board Options Exchange volatility index(VIX)to capture the broader stock market dislocations.We validate the NARDL model by testing a battery of models using the autoregressive distributed lags(ARDL)methodology(ARDL,NARDL,and QARDL specifications).Our study postulates that an increase in WEI has a significant negative long-term effect on food sales,whereas a decrease in WEI has no statistically significant(long-run)effect.Thus,policy responses that ignore asymmetric effects and hidden cointegration may fail to promote food security during pandemics.

The diagnostic value of liver stiffness measurement combined with S index in the degree of hepatitis B liver fibrosis

Objective:To investigate the value of liver stiffness measurement(LSM)combined with S index in predicting the degree of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B patients.Methods:A total of 187 chronic hepatitis B patients who were admitted to the Department of Infection,the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected.General data were collected,blood routine,liver function,liver fibrosis and liver stiffness measurement were tested,and S index,APRI and FIB-4 index were calculated,and liver biopsy was performed.Results:According to the pathological results of liver puncture,The patients were divided into no significant fibrosis group(n=86),significant fibrosis group(n=71)and cirrhosis group(n=30).There were significant differences in age,PLT,GGT,ALB,S index,HA,LN and LSM levels among the three groups(P<0.05).There was a good correlation between S index and the degree of hepatic fibrosis(rs=0.738,P<0.001).The AUC of S index and LSM for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in hepatitis B were 0.873 and 0.792,respectively.And the AUC of S index and LSM for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were 0.966 and 0.879,respectively.The AUC for the combined diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.908 and 0.988,respectively.The AUROC of combined detection in the diagnosis of cirrhosis was higher than that of LSM,APRI and FIB-4(P<0.05).Conclusion:LSM combined with S index has certain application value in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in hepatitis B patients.

基于BiLSTM-Attention的F_(10.7)指数预测模型与中国自主数据集的应用

F_(10.7)指数是太阳活动的重要指标,准确预测F_(10.7)指数有助于预防和缓解太阳活动对无线电通信、导航和卫星通信等领域的影响.基于F_(10.7)射电流量的特性,在双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)基础上融入注意力机制(Attention),提出了一种基于BiLSTM-Attention的F_(10.7)预报模型.在加拿大DRAO数据集上其平均绝对误差(MAE)为5.38,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)控制在5%以内,相关系数(R)高达0.987,与其他RNN模型相比拥有优越的预测性能.针对中国廊坊L&S望远镜观测的F_(10.7)数据集,提出了一种转换平均校准(Conversion Average Calibration,CAC)方法进行数据预处理,处理后的数据与DRAO数据集具有较高的相关性.基于该数据集对比分析了RNN系列模型的预报效果,实验结果表明,BiLSTM-Attention和BiLSTM两种模型在预测F_(10.7)指数方面具有较好的优势,表现出较好的预测性能和稳定性.

New indices to balanceα-diversity against tree size inequality

The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem functions.However,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices.The TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size distribution.The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat.We also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests.The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)being<0.0030.There were significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the GI.Nevertheless,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI.This means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies diversity.Thus,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices.This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.

基于CSLE的泛第三极地区土壤侵蚀强度空间分布特征

[目的]定量评估泛第三极地区的土壤侵蚀状况,明确土壤侵蚀的分布特征,以期为土壤侵蚀的科学防治提供依据。[方法]基于分层不等概系统抽样方法,共布设31 406个调查单元。利用中国土壤流失方程CSLE计算泛第三极地区土壤侵蚀速率,并利用莫兰指数(I)探讨其分布特征。[结果](1)泛第三极地区平均土壤侵蚀速率为162.73 t/(km^(2)·a),水土流失面积比例为7.75%,土壤侵蚀速率超过500 t/(km^(2)·a)的地区主要位于西亚、东亚和南亚;(2)土壤侵蚀存在明显的空间聚集性(I=0.920 9),以高高型和低低型聚集为主,高高型聚集主要分布在西亚北部、南亚北部和西南部以及中国的东北、黄土高原和西藏南部;(3)草地、灌丛和耕地是土壤侵蚀较严重的土地利用类型,其中>1 000 m的草地、>500 m的灌丛和耕地的土壤侵蚀更严重,超过25%的土地都发生了水土流失,平均土壤侵蚀速率变化于426.85~683.72 t/(km^(2)·a)。[结论]海拔介于1 000~6 000 m的草地、500~4 000 m的灌丛以及1 000~4 000 m的耕地是泛第三极地区土壤侵蚀发生的重点区域,需特别关注。

Elevation transition of aquatic insects closely matches a thermal feature in the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina

Temperature is a key factor that shapes the distribution of organisms.Having knowledge about how species respond to temperature is relevant to devise strategies for addressing the impacts of climate change.Aquatic insects are particularly vulnerable to climate change,yet there is still much to learn about their ecology and distribution.In the Yungas ecoregion of Northwestern Argentina,cold-and warm-adapted species of the orders Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera(EPT)are segregated by elevation.We modeled the ecological niche of South American EPT species in this region using available data and projected their potential distribution in geographic space.Species were grouped based on their ecogeographic similarity,and we analyzed their replacement pattern along elevation gradients,focusing on the ecotone where opposing thermal preferences converge.Along this interface,we identified critical points where the combined incidence of cold and warm assemblages maximizes,indicating a significant transition zone.We found that the Montane Cloud Forest holds the interface,with a particularly greater suitability at its lower boundary.The main axis of the interface runs in a N-S direction and falls between 14°C-16°C mean annual isotherms.The probability of a particular location within a basin being classified as part of the interface increases as Kira’s warmth index approaches a score around 150.Understanding the interface is critical for defining the thermal limits of species distribution and designing biomonitoring programs.Changes in the location of thermal constants related to mountainous ecotones may cause vertical displacement of aquatic insects and vegetation communities.We have recognized significant temperature thresholds that serve as indicators of suitability for the interface.As global warming is anticipated to shift these indicators,we suggest using them to monitor the imprints of climate change on mountain ecosystems.

Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota:16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Prevotella,Firmicutes,Bacteroides,and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups,respectively.Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.CONCLUSION Obese children exhibited lowerα-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children.Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.

BPS对金鲫鱼中肾抗氧化指标的影响

为研究作为双酚A替代物的双酚S(BPS)对金鲫鱼中肾抗氧化指标的影响,将提前驯养适应1周的金鲫鱼随机分为5组,每组10尾鱼。在安全浓度的基础上,设置1个对照组和以等对数浓度差设置1、10、100、1 000μg/L 4个BPS质量浓度组,进行为期15 d的急性暴露。试验结束后分别从每组取3尾鱼进行采样,测定金鲫鱼中肾中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量,分析不同BPS浓度对于金鲫鱼中肾抗氧化指标的影响。经试验得出,在安全浓度的基础上,随着BPS浓度的升高,金鲫鱼中肾中的CAT活力与总SOD活力显著降低;MDA含量明显增加。

Effects of Raspberry Root decoction on cytokine level and thymus and spleen index in S180 model mice

Objective: To observe the effects of RRD on serum levels of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and thymus and spleen index in S180 mice, and to explore the mechanism of tumor inhibition by RRD. Methods: Fifty Kunming healthy mice, half male and half female, were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, model control group, cyclophosphamide group (CTX group), red raspberry group (RRD group) and combined administration of red raspberry and cyclophosphamide group (RRD + CTX group), with 10 mice in each group only. The other 40 mice were injected with 0.2 mLS180 tumor suspension at the right axilla to make the model experiment, except 10 mice in the normal control group. The next day, the normal control group and model control group were given intragastric administration of 0.02 mL/g/d saline, CTX group was given intragastric administration of 0.4 mL/20 g/d saline and 20 mg/kg/d CTX, RRD group was given intragastric administration of 0.4 mL/20 g/d RRD, RRD+CTX group was given intragastric administration of 0.4 mL/20 g/d RRD and 20 mg/kg/d CTX for 10 d, once a day. Serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA, and thymus and spleen indexes were measured. Results: Red raspberry rhizome decoction could increase serum IL-2 level (P < 0.05), decrease IL-10 level (P < 0.05), increase thymus index (P < 0.05) and decrease spleen index (P < 0.05) in S180 mice. Conclusion:The anti-tumor effect of the water decoction of red raspberry rhizome may be related to the regulation of immune suppression and the improvement of immune organ function of the tumor-bearing organism.

Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

Lee's指数用于评价成年大鼠肥胖程度的探讨

研究Lee's指数在评价成年大鼠肥胖程度方面的可行性与准确性。方法将成年肥胖大鼠Lee's指数与体重增加率、腹腔脂肪湿重、脂肪细胞大小以及血脂等指标同步测量。结果肥胖模型大鼠较其它各组大鼠Lee's指数明显增加 ,且与上述其它观察指标变化一致 ,高度相关。结论Lee's指数可作为评价成年肥胖模型大鼠肥胖程度的指标。

运动与共轭亚油酸对青春期肥胖大鼠能量代谢、体重和Lee’s指数的影响

为探讨运动与共轭亚油酸（CLA）对青春期肥胖大鼠在8周减肥过程中的能量代谢、体重和Lee’s指数的影响,在大鼠建模后,取32只肥胖大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为肥胖对照组、单纯CLA组、单纯运动组、运动结合CLA组.实验方案设计为：动物跑台速度21-25m/min,60min/次,CLA采用1.6g/（kg·d）灌胃,5次/周,连续8周,每周测定体重、体长、计算Lee’s指数,并采用大鼠代谢系统测大鼠运动后即刻状态吸氧量和能量消耗.结果显示：8周过程中,干预各组表现出运动后即刻肌肉吸氧量、总吸氧量、肌肉能耗和总能耗明显高于对照组,运动组高于单纯CLA组,在第8周表现最明显;体重增长幅度表现为运动组和运动结合CLA组均低于单纯CLA组、对照组;Lee’s指数表现为干预各组在第8周均低于对照组.得出青春期肥胖大鼠伴随周龄的增加,体重呈上升趋势,而肌肉吸氧量和总吸氧量、肌肉能耗和总能耗呈下降趋势,8周不同干预方法均能抵抗其下降,并且能抑制体重增加和降低Lee’s指数,运动结合CLA效果最为明显.

不同强度运动结合共轭亚油酸对青春期肥胖大鼠能量代谢、体重及Lee`s指数的影响

目的:探讨不同强度运动结合共轭亚油酸(CLA)在8周减肥过程中对青春期肥胖大鼠能量代谢、体重及Lee`s指数的影响。方法:大鼠建模7周后,取40只肥胖倾向大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只,分别为OC、OCC、OLC、OMC、OHC组,低、中、高运动强度分别定为15-18m/min、21-25 m/min、28-32 m/min,时间60min/天,CLA灌喂1.6g/kg,5次/周,持续8周。每周测体重、体长、计算Lee`s指数,采用大鼠代谢系统测大鼠运动后即刻状态耗氧量和能量消耗。结果:8周干预过程中,耗氧量和能量消耗表现为OCC组高于OC组(P<0.01),OLC、OMC、OHC组均高于OCC组(P<0.05,P<0.01);体重表现为OLC、OMC、OHC组体重增长幅度均明显低于OC、OCC组(P<0.05,P<0.01),Lee`s指数均表现第8周干预组低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);不同强度运动之间的各项指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:青春期肥胖大鼠伴随周龄的增加体重呈上升趋势,而肌肉吸氧量和总吸氧量、肌肉耗能和总耗能呈下降趋势,8周不同干预方法均能抵抗其下降,并且能抑制体重增长幅度和降低Lee’s指数,运动结合CLA优于单纯补充CLA,受运动强度影响较小。

有氧运动与针刺穴位对中老年大鼠腹部脂肪及体重、腰围、Lee’s指数影响的研究

探讨有氧运动训练与针刺穴位对中老年大鼠腹部脂肪、体重、体长、腰围及Lee’s指数影响的变化规律。选用32只 16月龄雄性SD健康大鼠 ,随机分成对照组、运动训练组、针刺穴位组和运动针刺结合组 ,均以普通饲料喂养。运动组大鼠在动物跑台上进行跑步训练 ,每日下午 6点～晚 8点进行。据BedfordTG等的研究采用速度 2 0m/min ,坡度 5°(相当于 6 5 %～ 75 %VO2 max)训练 ,持续时间从 2 0min/次开始 ,逐增加至 6 0min/次 ,每周 3次 (隔日 1次 ) ,共12周 ;针刺组大鼠在动物固定器上仰卧位 ,选穴后三里、天枢、中脘、阴陵泉 (两侧交替轮换取穴 ) ,32号 1寸毫针刺入3～ 5mm ,接通电针治疗仪 ,低强度刺激 (频率 10Hz、1 5V的连续波 ) ,以不引起肌肉颤动为准 ,留针 10min ,每周 3次(隔日 1次 ) ,共 12周 ;运动针刺结合组大鼠采用运动训练与针刺穴位两项交替进行 ,每周各 3次 ,方法同运动训练组和针刺穴位组 ,共 12周。实验过程中记录大鼠进食、水量 ,测体重、体长及腰围 ,计算Lee’s指数 ,并观察大便质量、睡眠等状态 ,实验结束后剖腹称重腹内脂肪量。结果表明 :运动针刺结合的减肥方法对大鼠有良好的降脂、减重、缩腰的作用 (P <0 0 0 1) ;单一的针刺减肥具有减重、降脂、缩腰作用 (P <0 0 1) ;单一的运动减肥?

基于典型散射差异指数的PolSAR图像Lee滤波

为提高滤波后极化合成孔径雷达图像的边缘清晰度和保持目标的极化特性,提出了基于典型散射差异指数(typical scattering difference index,TSDI)的PolSAR图像Lee滤波算法。算法根据滤波像素和邻域像素之间的TSDI,采用自适应阈值法筛选出滤波像素的同质像素,然后用同质像素进行Lee滤波。针对筛选阈值,首先利用Parzen窗估计同质区域TSDI概率分布,然后根据估计结果计算阈值。用美国AIRSAR系统和UAVSAR系统采集的极化数据进行实验。实验结果表明该算法相对于精致Lee滤波算法相干斑抑制更加彻底,同时图像边缘清晰度和目标极化特性保持更完好。

甜叶悬钩子(Rubus suavissimus S.Lee)中UDP-糖基转移酶基因的克隆、表达及序列分析

糖基化是植物次生代谢产物生物合成中重要的修饰反应。目前已报道的以二萜为底物的UDP-糖基转移酶(UGT)数量稀少。本研究基于甜叶悬钩子叶片的转录组数据,利用生物信息学分析手段,选定可能具有二萜类催化活性的UDP-糖基转移酶基因进行克隆。最终克隆得到18条UGT基因序列,在大肠杆菌中进行了异源表达,并对克隆的基因进行了初步的序列分析。本研究为进一步挖掘和验证甜叶悬钩子中UGT的功能奠定了基础。

基于案例分析的S-CAD政策评估方法理论研究初探

为突破传统S-CAD政策评估方法的思维限制,借鉴公共政策评估标准,从价值/政策、事实相融合的维度,采用理论分析法、文献检索法尝试构建S-CAD政策评估框架的定量评估指标体系。结果表明:(1)通过公共政策评估理论的学习,尝试构建基于“二维”的S-CAD政策评估框架;(2)结合实证分析,以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市露天矿采矿用地方式改革试点政策为例,从政策评估事实维度与价值维度出发构建了包括5个指标单元、23个单项指标在内的合理、可行的采矿临时用地政策评估指标体系。在“二维”融合视角下构建的S-CAD政策评估思路可行,且具有可操作性,可为进一步完善S-CAD政策评估方法的理论及量化研究提供参考。

不同强度运动处方对青春期肥胖大鼠运动后即刻能耗、体重和Lee’s的影响

目的:探讨不同强度运动处方在8周减肥过程中对青春期肥胖大鼠运动后即刻能耗、体重和Lee’s的影响。方法:大鼠建模7周后,取32只肥胖鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为肥胖对照组、低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组。3种强度在动物跑台跑速分别定为15-18m/min、21-25 m/min、28-32 m/min,5次/周,60min/次,持续8周。每周测体重、计算Lee’s指数,采用大鼠代谢系统测大鼠运动后即刻吸氧量以及能量消耗。结果:8周干预过程中,干预各组表现出运动后即刻的肌肉吸氧量和总吸氧量、肌肉能耗和总能耗明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),高强度组高于低强度组(P<0.05);体重表现为干预组增长幅度明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),Lee’s指数表现为干预组在第8周均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),不同强度运动之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:青春期肥胖大鼠伴随周龄的增加体重呈上升趋势,而肌肉吸氧量和总吸氧量、肌肉能耗和总能耗呈下降趋势。经过8周运动干预后,不同强度运动处方能提高青春期肥胖大鼠运动后即刻的吸氧量及能量消耗,高强度运动的效果最明显;而体重的增长幅度及Lee’s指数均有所降低,但受运动强度的影响较小。

An entirely new approach based on remote sensing data to calculate the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat

The nitrogen nutrition index(NNI)is a reliable indicator for diagnosing crop nitrogen(N)status.However,there is currently no specific vegetation index for the NNI inversion across multiple growth periods.To overcome the limitations of the traditional direct NNI inversion method(NNI_(T1))of the vegetation index and traditional indirect NNI inversion method(NNI_(T2))by inverting intermediate variables including the aboveground dry biomass(AGB)and plant N concentration(PNC),this study proposed a new NNI remote sensing index(NNI_(RS)).A remote-sensing-based critical N dilution curve(Nc_(_RS))was set up directly from two vegetation indices and then used to calculate NNI_(RS).Field data including AGB,PNC,and canopy hyperspectral data were collected over four growing seasons(2012–2013(Exp.1),2013–2014(Exp.2),2014–2015(Exp.3),2015–2016(Exp.4))in Beijing,China.All experimental datasets were cross-validated to each of the NNI models(NNI_(T1),NNI_(T2)and NNI_(RS)).The results showed that:(1)the NNI_(RS)models were represented by the standardized leaf area index determining index(sLAIDI)and the red-edge chlorophyll index(CI_(red edge))in the form of NNI_(RS)=CI_(red edge)/(a×sLAIDI~b),where"a"equals 2.06,2.10,2.08 and 2.02 and"b"equals 0.66,0.73,0.67 and 0.62 when the modeling set data came from Exp.1/2/4,Exp.1/2/3,Exp.1/3/4,and Exp.2/3/4,respectively;(2)the NNI_(RS)models achieved better performance than the other two NNI revised methods,and the ranges of R2 and RMSE were 0.50–0.82 and 0.12–0.14,respectively;(3)when the remaining data were used for verification,the NNI_(RS)models also showed good stability,with RMSE values of 0.09,0.18,0.13 and 0.10,respectively.Therefore,it is concluded that the NNI_(RS)method is promising for the remote assessment of crop N status.