The present study aims to determine the influence of microvascular dysfunction (MVD) in the prognosis of patients presenting isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methods: We studied 30 patients (pts), 22 males, 8...The present study aims to determine the influence of microvascular dysfunction (MVD) in the prognosis of patients presenting isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methods: We studied 30 patients (pts), 22 males, 8 females, mean age 57 ± 4 years, with isolated LBBB, with a mean follow up of 48 ± 6 months. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, 12 males, mean age 52 ± 10 years. Both groups were screened for cardiovascular risk factors (RF);they also had an echocardiogram and Coronary CT Scan, ruling out both structural heart disease and obstructive lesions of the epicardial coronary arteries. A myocardial perfusion study was then performed, with two groups emerging according to these results: Group A, 8 pts (26%), with reversible perfusion defects, in which the diagnosis of MVD was suspected, and Group B, 22 pts (74%), with either normal perfusion or minor septal/apical reversible defects (related to LBBB). All Group A pts, and 9 of the Group B pts, underwent coronary arteriography, with intracoronary acetylcholine and nitroglycerine infusion, thus evaluating vasomotor response as endothelium dependent (acetylcholine) or endothelium independent (nitroglycerine). During follow up, we reviewed functional class, 12 lead ECG and echocardiogram on a yearly basis. Results: All Group A patients had an abnormal acetylcholine response;only three of them had abnormal response to nitroglycerine infusion, suggesting endothelium dependent MVD. Of those in Group B, only one patient had abnormal acetylcholine response. At the end of the follow up period, 3 pts (37%) in Group A, showed functional class decrease vs 5 pts (22%) of those in Group B. In Group A, a significant increase of End Diastolic Left Ventricle Diameter (EDLVD) was found (51.6 ± 3.6 vs 59.3 ± 6.8 mm;p < 0.05) with significant decrease in LVEF (62 ± 4.8 vs 46% ± 3.7%, p variation. In neither group major complications (death, heart failure admissions) were found. Conclusion: We confirm the association between MVD and a worse clinical prognosis in isolated LBBB patients. Repeated ischemia and myocardial fibrosis are highlighted as possible physiopathological mechanisms, precluding a progressive left ventricular function decrease, with a higher mortality and arrhythmia risk. Endothelial function preserving strategies, both preventive and therapeutic, might be useful in improving LBBB with MVD patient’s prognosis.展开更多
The evaluation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCT)remains a common dilemma for clinicians.Numerous algorithms exist to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis.Unfortunately,these algorithms are difficult to rememb...The evaluation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCT)remains a common dilemma for clinicians.Numerous algorithms exist to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis.Unfortunately,these algorithms are difficult to remember,and overreliance on them may prevent cardiologists from understanding the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias.One distinct subcategory of WCTs are those that present with a"typical"or"classic" left bundle branch block pattern.These tachycardias may be supraventricular or ventricular in origin and arise from functional or fixed aberrancy,bystander or participating atriofascicular pre-excitation,and bundle branch reentry.This review will describe these arrhythmias,illustrate their mechanisms,and discuss their clinical features and treatment strategies.展开更多
Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (...Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and ventricular paced rhythm (VPR), hesitation exists amongst clinicians to use REG-SPECT due to the concern that the increased heart rate could cause false positive SPECT results. We sought to evaluate the comparability of A-SPECT and REG-SPECT in patients with LBBB and VPR. Methods: Retrospective study of 30 patients who served as their own controls. All 30 patients who underwent REG-SPECT (Grp 1) were compared to their prior A-SPECT (Grp 2) done within two years prior to REG-SPECT. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) parameters, ECG, stress perfusion and gated variables, SPECT ischemia, and side-effects were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Grp 1 and Grp 2 were comparable in hemodynamic parameters with increase in HR and decrease in systolic and diastolic BP with administration of adenosine and REG stress agents. However, there were no significant differences found in hemodynamic parameters and II degree AV block between the groups. All normal A-SPECT were found to be normal with REG-SPECT. No differences could be found between the two groups among SPECT parameters. Muscle pain was significantly higher in REG (10.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.083) and so was the use of aminophylline (16.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.025) to relieve the side-effect. Conclusion: REG-SPECT can be administered in patients with LBBB and VPR patients based on favorable and comparable hemodynamic responses and arrhythmia occurrences to A-SPECT. REG-SPECT can also be used for adequate interpretation of presence or absence of SPECT ischemia particularly in the LAD territory without any concern for false positive perfusion defects.展开更多
目的探讨左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔起搏技术对老年患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2022年2月至2023年3月期间于郴州市第一人民医院心血管内科接受永久性心脏起搏器植入术治疗的80例老年患者的临床资料,根据心脏...目的探讨左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔起搏技术对老年患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2022年2月至2023年3月期间于郴州市第一人民医院心血管内科接受永久性心脏起搏器植入术治疗的80例老年患者的临床资料,根据心脏起搏电极植入部位分为两组,即对照组、观察组各40例。对照组患者于右心室间隔处植入心脏起搏器,观察组患者于左束支区域植入心脏起搏器。分别于患者心脏起搏器植入术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月观察各指标变化,包括左心室收缩同步性参数[左心室收缩期纵向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak longitudinal strain standard deviation,Tls-SD)、最大差值(time to peak longitudinal strain maximum difference,Tls-dif),左心室收缩期径向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak radial strain standard deviation,Trs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak radial strain maximum difference,Trs-dif),左心室收缩期环向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak circumferential strain standard deviation,Tcs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak circumferential strain maximum difference,Tcs-dif)]以及心功能指标[左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心排血量(cardiac output,CO)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)]、心腔大小[右心房内径(right atrial inner diameter,RAD)、左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)]、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)浓度等。于术后12个月测定起搏参数(感知、阈值、阻抗、心室起搏比例),并统计心脏起搏器植入术后12个月内心力衰竭再入院、死亡等不良事件发生情况。结果术后各时间点观察组心功能指标LVEF、CO、CI略高于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后各时间点观察组心腔大小指标RAD、LAD、LVEDD、LVESD低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[RAD:(36.63±2.22)mm vs.(40.13±1.61)mm,LAD:(31.09±1.14)mm vs.(38.32±1.08)mm,LVEDD:(49.76±3.22)mm vs.(54.63±3.14)mm,LVESD:(40.64±2.11)mm vs.(48.11±3.24)mm,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组左心室收缩同步性指标LSDI、Tls-SD、Tls-dif、Trs-SD、Trs-dif、Tcs-SD、Tcs-dif均低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[LSDI:4.86%±0.83%vs.9.49%±0.48%,Tls-SD:(14.42±1.78)ms vs.(25.00±1.43)ms,Tls-dif:(50.92±4.53)ms vs.(90.17±8.41)ms,Trs-SD:(50.37±4.33)ms vs.(69.44±6.52)ms,Trs-dif:(141.03±15.64)ms vs.(179.04±18.42)ms,Tcs-SD:(37.85±3.41)ms vs.(48.10±4.62)ms,Tcs-dif:(130.09±14.53)ms vs.(158.09±18.57)ms,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组NT-proBNP浓度略低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组起搏阈值低于对照组[(0.66±0.10)V vs.(0.75±0.12)V,P<0.05];两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗、阈值均处于正常范围。观察组心室起搏比例低于对照组(43.23%±4.53%vs.73.43%±6.56%,P<0.05)。术后12个月观察组心力衰竭再入院发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(5.00%vs.22.50%,P<0.05)。结论左束支区域起搏技术在改善永久性心脏起搏器植入患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能方面优于右心室间隔起搏技术,术后12个月不良事件发生率较低,更有利于保护心功能,起搏参数稳定,属于一种有效且安全的起搏技术。展开更多
目的探讨左束支区域起搏(left bundle branch area pacing,LBBaP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者术后新发心房颤动(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)和心房高频事件(atrial high rate episodes,AHREs)的影响。方法回顾性纳入84例行起搏治...目的探讨左束支区域起搏(left bundle branch area pacing,LBBaP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者术后新发心房颤动(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)和心房高频事件(atrial high rate episodes,AHREs)的影响。方法回顾性纳入84例行起搏治疗的三度房室传导阻滞(ⅢAVB)患者,根据心室电极位置分为LBBaP组(n=42)和右室间隔部起搏(RVSP)组(n=42)。比较两组患者术前术后QRS波时限(QRSd)、心室起搏参数,并发症、脑卒中事件和NOAF、AHREs发生率。结果(1)LBBaP组术后NOAF、AHREs发生率均低于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(2)LBBaP组的p-QRSd短于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(3)两组患者心室起搏参数、并发症及脑卒中事件发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相对于右室起搏,LBBaP术后AHREs、NOAF的发生率较低,可改善患者预后。展开更多
目的评估右心室起搏后,患起搏诱导性心肌病的老年病人升级至希浦系统起搏的临床疗效和安全性。方法在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库检索希浦系统起搏对起搏诱导性心肌病疗效的...目的评估右心室起搏后,患起搏诱导性心肌病的老年病人升级至希浦系统起搏的临床疗效和安全性。方法在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库检索希浦系统起搏对起搏诱导性心肌病疗效的相关文献,提取研究中有关临床获益和安全性的数据,在RevMan 5.4软件上进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8篇文献,包括185例病人,升级希浦系统起搏的成功率为95%。Meta分析结果显示:升级希浦系统起搏后,随访期间病人的左心室射血分数(MD=-11.73,95%CI:-14.74~-8.72,P<0.01)较升级术前提高,QRS波时限(MD=59.84,95%CI:55.98~63.70,P<0.01)较升级术前缩短,NYHA心功能分级(MD=1.05,95%CI:0.70~1.41,P<0.01)较升级术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义。起搏阈值(MD=-0.11,95%CI:-0.24~0.02,P=0.08)和R波振幅(MD=-0.35,95%CI:-1.94~1.24,P=0.66)升级术前后差异无统计学意义。同时研究中观察到2例病人死亡。结论对于老年起搏诱导性心肌病病人,可考虑升级起搏方式为希浦系统起搏,不仅可以纠正长期右心室起搏引起的心脏电不同步和心室重塑,同时也能改善病人的临床心功能并减少手术相关并发症。展开更多
文摘The present study aims to determine the influence of microvascular dysfunction (MVD) in the prognosis of patients presenting isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methods: We studied 30 patients (pts), 22 males, 8 females, mean age 57 ± 4 years, with isolated LBBB, with a mean follow up of 48 ± 6 months. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, 12 males, mean age 52 ± 10 years. Both groups were screened for cardiovascular risk factors (RF);they also had an echocardiogram and Coronary CT Scan, ruling out both structural heart disease and obstructive lesions of the epicardial coronary arteries. A myocardial perfusion study was then performed, with two groups emerging according to these results: Group A, 8 pts (26%), with reversible perfusion defects, in which the diagnosis of MVD was suspected, and Group B, 22 pts (74%), with either normal perfusion or minor septal/apical reversible defects (related to LBBB). All Group A pts, and 9 of the Group B pts, underwent coronary arteriography, with intracoronary acetylcholine and nitroglycerine infusion, thus evaluating vasomotor response as endothelium dependent (acetylcholine) or endothelium independent (nitroglycerine). During follow up, we reviewed functional class, 12 lead ECG and echocardiogram on a yearly basis. Results: All Group A patients had an abnormal acetylcholine response;only three of them had abnormal response to nitroglycerine infusion, suggesting endothelium dependent MVD. Of those in Group B, only one patient had abnormal acetylcholine response. At the end of the follow up period, 3 pts (37%) in Group A, showed functional class decrease vs 5 pts (22%) of those in Group B. In Group A, a significant increase of End Diastolic Left Ventricle Diameter (EDLVD) was found (51.6 ± 3.6 vs 59.3 ± 6.8 mm;p < 0.05) with significant decrease in LVEF (62 ± 4.8 vs 46% ± 3.7%, p variation. In neither group major complications (death, heart failure admissions) were found. Conclusion: We confirm the association between MVD and a worse clinical prognosis in isolated LBBB patients. Repeated ischemia and myocardial fibrosis are highlighted as possible physiopathological mechanisms, precluding a progressive left ventricular function decrease, with a higher mortality and arrhythmia risk. Endothelial function preserving strategies, both preventive and therapeutic, might be useful in improving LBBB with MVD patient’s prognosis.
文摘The evaluation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCT)remains a common dilemma for clinicians.Numerous algorithms exist to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis.Unfortunately,these algorithms are difficult to remember,and overreliance on them may prevent cardiologists from understanding the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias.One distinct subcategory of WCTs are those that present with a"typical"or"classic" left bundle branch block pattern.These tachycardias may be supraventricular or ventricular in origin and arise from functional or fixed aberrancy,bystander or participating atriofascicular pre-excitation,and bundle branch reentry.This review will describe these arrhythmias,illustrate their mechanisms,and discuss their clinical features and treatment strategies.
文摘Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and ventricular paced rhythm (VPR), hesitation exists amongst clinicians to use REG-SPECT due to the concern that the increased heart rate could cause false positive SPECT results. We sought to evaluate the comparability of A-SPECT and REG-SPECT in patients with LBBB and VPR. Methods: Retrospective study of 30 patients who served as their own controls. All 30 patients who underwent REG-SPECT (Grp 1) were compared to their prior A-SPECT (Grp 2) done within two years prior to REG-SPECT. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) parameters, ECG, stress perfusion and gated variables, SPECT ischemia, and side-effects were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Grp 1 and Grp 2 were comparable in hemodynamic parameters with increase in HR and decrease in systolic and diastolic BP with administration of adenosine and REG stress agents. However, there were no significant differences found in hemodynamic parameters and II degree AV block between the groups. All normal A-SPECT were found to be normal with REG-SPECT. No differences could be found between the two groups among SPECT parameters. Muscle pain was significantly higher in REG (10.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.083) and so was the use of aminophylline (16.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.025) to relieve the side-effect. Conclusion: REG-SPECT can be administered in patients with LBBB and VPR patients based on favorable and comparable hemodynamic responses and arrhythmia occurrences to A-SPECT. REG-SPECT can also be used for adequate interpretation of presence or absence of SPECT ischemia particularly in the LAD territory without any concern for false positive perfusion defects.
文摘目的探讨左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔起搏技术对老年患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2022年2月至2023年3月期间于郴州市第一人民医院心血管内科接受永久性心脏起搏器植入术治疗的80例老年患者的临床资料,根据心脏起搏电极植入部位分为两组,即对照组、观察组各40例。对照组患者于右心室间隔处植入心脏起搏器,观察组患者于左束支区域植入心脏起搏器。分别于患者心脏起搏器植入术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月观察各指标变化,包括左心室收缩同步性参数[左心室收缩期纵向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak longitudinal strain standard deviation,Tls-SD)、最大差值(time to peak longitudinal strain maximum difference,Tls-dif),左心室收缩期径向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak radial strain standard deviation,Trs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak radial strain maximum difference,Trs-dif),左心室收缩期环向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak circumferential strain standard deviation,Tcs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak circumferential strain maximum difference,Tcs-dif)]以及心功能指标[左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心排血量(cardiac output,CO)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)]、心腔大小[右心房内径(right atrial inner diameter,RAD)、左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)]、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)浓度等。于术后12个月测定起搏参数(感知、阈值、阻抗、心室起搏比例),并统计心脏起搏器植入术后12个月内心力衰竭再入院、死亡等不良事件发生情况。结果术后各时间点观察组心功能指标LVEF、CO、CI略高于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后各时间点观察组心腔大小指标RAD、LAD、LVEDD、LVESD低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[RAD:(36.63±2.22)mm vs.(40.13±1.61)mm,LAD:(31.09±1.14)mm vs.(38.32±1.08)mm,LVEDD:(49.76±3.22)mm vs.(54.63±3.14)mm,LVESD:(40.64±2.11)mm vs.(48.11±3.24)mm,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组左心室收缩同步性指标LSDI、Tls-SD、Tls-dif、Trs-SD、Trs-dif、Tcs-SD、Tcs-dif均低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[LSDI:4.86%±0.83%vs.9.49%±0.48%,Tls-SD:(14.42±1.78)ms vs.(25.00±1.43)ms,Tls-dif:(50.92±4.53)ms vs.(90.17±8.41)ms,Trs-SD:(50.37±4.33)ms vs.(69.44±6.52)ms,Trs-dif:(141.03±15.64)ms vs.(179.04±18.42)ms,Tcs-SD:(37.85±3.41)ms vs.(48.10±4.62)ms,Tcs-dif:(130.09±14.53)ms vs.(158.09±18.57)ms,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组NT-proBNP浓度略低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组起搏阈值低于对照组[(0.66±0.10)V vs.(0.75±0.12)V,P<0.05];两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗、阈值均处于正常范围。观察组心室起搏比例低于对照组(43.23%±4.53%vs.73.43%±6.56%,P<0.05)。术后12个月观察组心力衰竭再入院发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(5.00%vs.22.50%,P<0.05)。结论左束支区域起搏技术在改善永久性心脏起搏器植入患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能方面优于右心室间隔起搏技术,术后12个月不良事件发生率较低,更有利于保护心功能,起搏参数稳定,属于一种有效且安全的起搏技术。
文摘目的探讨左束支区域起搏(left bundle branch area pacing,LBBaP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者术后新发心房颤动(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)和心房高频事件(atrial high rate episodes,AHREs)的影响。方法回顾性纳入84例行起搏治疗的三度房室传导阻滞(ⅢAVB)患者,根据心室电极位置分为LBBaP组(n=42)和右室间隔部起搏(RVSP)组(n=42)。比较两组患者术前术后QRS波时限(QRSd)、心室起搏参数,并发症、脑卒中事件和NOAF、AHREs发生率。结果(1)LBBaP组术后NOAF、AHREs发生率均低于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(2)LBBaP组的p-QRSd短于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(3)两组患者心室起搏参数、并发症及脑卒中事件发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相对于右室起搏,LBBaP术后AHREs、NOAF的发生率较低,可改善患者预后。
文摘目的评估右心室起搏后,患起搏诱导性心肌病的老年病人升级至希浦系统起搏的临床疗效和安全性。方法在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库检索希浦系统起搏对起搏诱导性心肌病疗效的相关文献,提取研究中有关临床获益和安全性的数据,在RevMan 5.4软件上进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8篇文献,包括185例病人,升级希浦系统起搏的成功率为95%。Meta分析结果显示:升级希浦系统起搏后,随访期间病人的左心室射血分数(MD=-11.73,95%CI:-14.74~-8.72,P<0.01)较升级术前提高,QRS波时限(MD=59.84,95%CI:55.98~63.70,P<0.01)较升级术前缩短,NYHA心功能分级(MD=1.05,95%CI:0.70~1.41,P<0.01)较升级术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义。起搏阈值(MD=-0.11,95%CI:-0.24~0.02,P=0.08)和R波振幅(MD=-0.35,95%CI:-1.94~1.24,P=0.66)升级术前后差异无统计学意义。同时研究中观察到2例病人死亡。结论对于老年起搏诱导性心肌病病人,可考虑升级起搏方式为希浦系统起搏,不仅可以纠正长期右心室起搏引起的心脏电不同步和心室重塑,同时也能改善病人的临床心功能并减少手术相关并发症。