Interaction between the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular strain and its relationship with coronary stenosis

BACKGROUND Coronary artery stenosis(CAS)is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death in both men and women globally.CAS occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle harden and become narrower due to plaque buildup-cholesterol and other material-on their inner walls.As a result,the heart muscle cannot receive the blood or oxygen it needs.Most heart attacks happen when a blood clot suddenly cuts off the hearts'blood supply,causing permanent heart damage.AIM To analyze the relationship between the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular strain(LVS),and coronary stenosis.METHODS A total of 190 participants were enrolled in this trail.The control group comprised 93 healthy individuals,and observation group comprised 97 patients with coronary heart disease who were hospitalized between July 2020 and September 2021.Coronary lesions were assessed using the Gensini score,and the LVEF and LVS were measured using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The interaction between the LVEF and LVS was examined using a linear regression model.The relationship between LVEF and coronary stenosis was examined using Spearman’s correlation.RESULTS The LVEF of the observation group was lower than that of the control group.The left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)and left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The longitudinal and circumferential strains(LS,CS)of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group;however,the radial strain(RS)of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).LVS,LS,and CS were significantly negatively correlated with the LVEF,and RS was positively correlated with the LVEF.There were significant differences in the LVEF,LVESV,and LVEDV of patients with different Gensini scores;the LVEF significantly decreased and the LVESV and LVEDV increased with increasing Gensini scores(P<0.05).In the observation group,the LVEF was negatively correlated and the LVESV and LVEDV were positively correlated with coronary stenosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The LVEF measured using MRI is significantly linearly correlated with LVS and negatively correlated with coronary stenosis.

Change and impact of left ventricular global longitudinal strain during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

BACKGROUND Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is a safe and effective treatment for aortic stenosis,it still carries some risks,such as valve leaks,stroke,and even death.The left ventricular global longitudinal strain(LVGLS)measurement may be useful for the prediction of adverse events during this operation.AIM To explore the change of LVGLS during TAVI procedure and the relationship between LVGLS and perioperative adverse events.METHODS In this study,61 patients who had undergone percutaneous transfemoral TAVI were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography.Before surgery,data on left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and LVGLS were collected separately following balloon expansion and stent implantation.Difference in values of LVGLS and LVEF during preoperative balloon expansion(pre-ex),preoperative stent implantation(pre-im)and balloon expansion-stent implantation(ex-im)were also examined.Adverse events were defined as perioperative death,cardiac rupture,heart arrest,moderate or severe perivalvular leakage,significant mitral regurgitation during TAVI,perioperative moderate or severe mitral regurgitation,perioperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction,reoperation,and acute heart failure.RESULTS The occurrence of perioperative adverse events was associated with differences in pre-ex LVGLS,but not with difference in pre-ex LVEF.There were significant differences between pre-LVGLS and ex-LVGLS,and between pre-LVGLS and im-LVGLS(P=0.037 and P=0.020,respectively).However,differences in LVEF were not significant(P=0.358,P=0.254);however differences in pre-ex LVGLS were associated with pre-LVGLS(P=0.045).Compared to LVEF,LVGLS is more sensitive as a measure of left heart function during TAVI and the perioperative period.Moreover,the differences in LVGLS were associated with the occurrence of perioperative adverse events,and changes in LVGLS were apparent in patients with undesirable LVGLS before the surgery.Furthermore,LVGLS is useful to predict changes in cardiac function during TAVI.CONCLUSION Greater attention should be paid to the patients who plan to undergo TAVI with normal LVEF but poor LVGLS.

Advances in the Research Application of Ultrasound Non-Invasive Stress-Strain Loop Technology in Cardiovascular Diseases

The ultrasound pressure-strain loop (PSL) technique is a non-invasive method of examining myocardial work, which takes into account the effect of cardiac afterload on deformation and combines the overall longitudinal strain force of the left ventricle with the changes in the left ventricular pressure, allowing earlier detection of possible subclinical cardiac damage in patients, and a more accurate and non-invasive assessment of the patient’s myocardial work performance. In this article, we will discuss the progress of PSL applications in cardiovascular diseases.

Correction of hypovitaminosis D improved global longitudinal strain earlier than left ventricular ejection fraction in cardiovascular older adults after orthopaedic surgery

Background Cardiovascular diseases and insufficient levels of vitamin D are risk factors for adverse surgical outcomes, and they are both commonly present among older adults undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Giving the cardiovascular effects of vitamin D, pre-operative diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D would be a valuable step for the implementation of supplementation protocols. We investigated if the nor- malization of serum 25 [OH] D could ameliorate cardiac performance of older adults suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Methods We enrolled 47 older adults scheduled for major orthopaedic surgery and suffering from hypovitaminosis D. Patients underwent 6-months cal- cifediol supplementation with a starting dose at first post-operative day of 50 ~tg/die in liquid preparation. Down-titration to 20 Ixg/die at 3-months assessment was planned. Cardiac performance was evaluated by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and global longitudinal strain （GLS） during pre-operative assessments and at 1-month, 3-months, 6-months follow-ups. Results Six months of cal- cifediol supplementation were associated with a significant improvement of both LVEF （＋ 3.94%; 95% CI： -4.0789 to -0.8232; P 〈 0.01） and GLS （＋ 18.56%; Z = -5.895; P 〈 0.0001）. Conclusions Calcifediol supplementation normalized serum 25 [OH] D concentration after 1-month treatment. GLS offered better insights into myocardial contractile amelioration than LVEF, thus being useful for detecting earlier subclinical changes that may anticipate hemodynamic modifications.

Quantification of Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Strain Rate Imaging

Objectives To detect and compare the systolic strain rate (SR) and strain in the infarct and ischemic myocardium by strain rate imaging (SRI), in order to explore the clinical value of SRI in evaluating regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Methods Patients with coronary artery disease were divided into angina pectoris (11 cases) and myocardial infarction (21 cases) groups. Twenty age-matched normal subjects served as the control group. Septal, lateral, anterior, inferior, anteroseptal and posterior walls of the left ventricle were respectively scanned using color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Then SR and strain curves were derived from TDI for basal, middle and apical segments of each wall. SRI parameters were: Systolic SR (SRsys), systolic strain (εsys) and maximum strain (εmax). Results Compared with normal segments, SRsys, εsys and εmax decreased significantly in the infarct and ischemic segments (P<0.01). Compared with ischemic segments, SRsys, εsys and εmax decreased significantly in the infarct segments (P<0.05). Conclusions SRsys, εsys and εmax measured by SRI can be used to quantitatively analyze regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease, and aid in differentiating infarct from ischemic myocardium.

Dual-chamber pacing confers better myocardial performance and improves clinical outcomes compared to single-chamber pacing

The deleterious effects of long term right ventricular pacing are increasingly being recognized today.Current clinical practice favors the implantation of dual-chamber permanent pacemaker which maintains atrioventricular synchrony and is associated with better quality of life.However,despite the popular belief and common sense surrounding the superiority of dual-chamber pacing over single chamber pacing,the same has never been conclusively verified in clinical trials.Some observational evidence however,does exists which supports the improved cardiac hemodynamics,lower the rate of atrial fibrillation,heart failure and stroke in dual-chamber pacing compared to single-chamber pacing.In the index study by Haque et al,right ventricular pacing,particularly in ventricular paced,ven-tricular sensed,inhibited response and rate responsive pacemaker adversely im-pacted the left ventricular functions over 9-months compared to dual pacing,dual sensing,dual responsive and rate responsive pacemaker.Although there are key limitations of this study,these findings does support a growing body of evidence reinstating the superiority of dual chamber pacing compared to single chamber pacing.

Associations of Infarct Size and Regional Myocardial Function Examined by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Strain Analysis with the Infarct Location in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the associations of infarct size,regional myocardial function examined by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking(CMR-FT)strain analysis with infarct location in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Cardiac magnetic resonance images were retrospectively analyzed in 95 consecutive STEMI patients with successful reperfusion.The patients were divided into the anterior wall myocardial infarction(AWMI)and nonanterior wall myocardial infarction(NAWMI)groups.Infarct characteristics were assessed by late gadolinium enhancement.Global and regional strains and associated strain rates in the radial,circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed by CMR-FT based on standard cine images.The associations of infarct size,regional myocardial function examined by CMR-FT strain analysis with infarct location in STEMI patients were evaluated by the Spearman or Pearsonmethod.Results There were 44 patients in the AWMI group and 51 in the NAWMI group.The extent of left ventricular enhanced mass was significantly larger in patients with AWMI compared with the NAWMI group(24.47±11.89,21.06±12.08%LV;t=3.928,P=0.008).In infarct zone analysis,strains in the radial,circumferential and longitudinal directions were remarkably declined in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group(z=-20.873,-20.918,-10.357,all P<0.001).The volume(end-systolic volume index),total enhanced mass and extent of enhanced mass of the left ventricular were correlated best with infarct zone strain in the AWMI group(all P<0.001).Conclusion In STEMI patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention,myocardial damage is more extensive and regional myocardial function in the infarct zone is lower in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group.

XStrain^(TM)技术评价尿毒症患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能

目的探讨XStrainTM技术测定尿毒症心肌病患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能的可行性。方法将28例尿毒症患者分两组,A组左心室非肥厚12例,B组左心室肥厚16例;C组为正常对照16名。经胸超声心动图采集并存储3个心动周期心尖四腔心、两腔心及三腔心切面二维灰阶图像。采用XStrainTM定量软件进行脱机分析,获得收缩期左心室壁16节段纵向/横向应变及应变率,对16节段应变参数取平均值获得整体纵向/横向应变数据,并对以上参数进行统计学分析。结果 16节段心肌收缩期纵向应变及应变率(除中间段后间隔外)、横向应变(除中间段前间壁和后间壁外)、横向应变率为C组>A组>B组(P均<0.05)。尿毒症患者左心室收缩期整体纵向及横向应变较C组明显减低(P<0.05)。结论 XStrainTM技术可清晰显示左心室心肌,评估左心室收缩功能,可用于定量评估尿毒症心肌病患者左心室局部与整体收缩功能。

Assessment of Regional Left Ventricular Myocardial Function in Rats after Acute Occlusion of Left Anterior Descending Artery by Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging

This study evaluated the change in regional left ventricular myocardial function in rats following acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging （2D-STI）. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, a myocardial infarction （MI） group, in which 50 rats were subjected to LAD occlusion for 30–45 min, and a sham-operated （SHAM） group that contained 10 rats serving as control. Echo-cardiography was performed at baseline and 1, 4 and 8 week（s） after the operation. High frequency two-dimensional images of left ventricular short axis at papillary muscle level were recorded. Peak systolic radial strain （PRS） and circumferential strain （PCS） were measured in the mid-ventricle in short-axis view by using EchoPAC workstation. Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole （LVIDd） and systole （LVIDs）, fractional shortening （FS）, ejection fraction （EF） and left ventricular mass （LVM） were measured by anatomical M-model echocardiography. Infarct size was measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining 1 week and 8 weeks after the operation. Fibrosis of left ventricu-lar myocardium was displayed using Van Gieson staining 1 week after the infarction. In terms of the TTC staining results, the left ventricle fell into three categories： infarcted, peri-infarcted and remote myocardial regions. Compared with those at baseline and in the SHAM group, （1） PRS and PCS in the infarcted, peri-infarcted and remote myocardial regions were significantly decreased in the MI group within 1 week after the operation （P〈0.05） and the low levels lasted 8 weeks; （2） Compared with those at baseline, LVIDd, LVIDs, FS, EF and LVM in the MI group showed no significant dif-ference 1 week after the operation （P〉0.05）. However, LVIDd, LVIDs and LVM were increased sig-nificantly 4 and 8 weeks after the operation （P〈0.05）, and FS and EF were decreased substantially （P〈0.05）. Van Gieson staining showed that fibrosis developed in all the three myocardial regions to varying degrees. It is concluded that 2D-STI is non-invasive and can be used to assess regional func-tion of myocardium with different blood supply in rats following acute occlusion of the LAD, and can be used as a sensitive and reliable means to follow up the process of left ventricular remodeling.

Global longitudinal strain is superior to ejection fraction for detecting myocardial dysfunction in end-stage renal disease with hyperparathyroidism

BACKGROUND The estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)by 2D echocardiography(2D-ECHO)is the most used tool to assess LV systolic function(LVSF).Global longitudinal strain(GLS)has recently been suggested as a superior method for several evaluations.This study explored the association and prevalence of LV systolic dysfunction(LVSD)by using these methods in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)and severe hyperparathyroidism(SHPTH);both associated with cardiovascular events(CEs).AIM To evaluate the myocardial function in patients with ESRD and SHPTH by using the GLS and LVEF measured through conventional 2D-ECHO.METHODS In 62 patients with ESRD and SHPTH,asymptomatic,and without a history of CEs,LVSF was evaluated by 2D-ECHO,obtaining the EF,by the Simpson biplane method,and GLS by speckle tracking.RESULTS The total patients with ESRD had a preserved LVEF(>50%)but abnormal GLS(<13.55%).Additionally,multivariate analysis showed an independent association of GLS and serum parathyroid hormone(PTH),LV mass index,and hemoglobin.Also,PTH was independently associated with lateral e'wave and tricuspid regurgitation velocity.CONCLUSION In patients with SHPTH linked to ESRD,the use of GLS by 2D-ECHO is a more sensitive tool than LVEF for detecting LVSD.

Assessment of Left Ventricular Function after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Sever Aortic Stenosis: A Speckle Tracking Imaging Study

Background: Long standing aortic stenosis leads to elevated left ventricular (LV) pressure and as a result LV hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis shall increase. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) usually remains adequately-preserved until advanced and late stages of aortic stenosis. But the preserved muscle of the LV is only limited to a portion of the entire myocardium. Speckle tracking echocardiography has proved its superiority to the standard two-dimensional echocardiography method in the detection of Left Ventricular (LV) function. Global Longitudinal strain (GLS) is considered as the most robust myocardial strain component.?Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the early course of left ventricular reverse remodelling after Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) in patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis.?Methods: 50 patients with severe symptomatic valvular aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI as decided by the heart team after comprehensive discussion.?Standard transthoracic echocardiography including Doppler analysis was performed. 2D speckle-tracking strain assessment of Global radial, circumferential and longitudinal strain at parasternal mid-ventricular short-axis view (at the level of papillary muscle) and from the apical long-axis, two-chamber and four-chamber views with a frame rate between 40 and 80 frames per second. Tracing of endocardial borders was done. Patients with significant coronary artery disease were fully revascularized by percutaneous coronary intervention prior to the study and the procedure. Results: 23 (46%) patients were males, while 27 (54%) were females. The patients’ stratification according to comorbidities/associated risk factors revealed that 54% of the patients had DM, 86% were hypertensive, 38% had chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 32% had a previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).?The mean age for our study participants ranged?from 60 to 92 years (Mean ± SD = 76.60 ± 5.96). Left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd) was 44.24?±?2.8?mm before TAVI that became 45.5?±?2.6?mm after TAVI, and ejection fraction (EF) increased from 52.82?±?6.3?before TAVI to 56.70?±?5.4?after TAVI, both with highly significant difference (P P value less than 0.001. Global circumferential strain (GCS) also improved significantly from -20.14?±?1.8 before TAVI to -21.72?±?1.7 after TAVI with a P value less than 0.001. Global radial strain (GRS) also increased significantly from 37.38?±?8 before TAVI to 41.68?± 6.3 after TAVI with a P value less than 0.001. Conclusion: TAVI is effective in improving left ventricular function presented not only by ejection fraction (EF%), but also in global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS).

Assessment of Left Ventricular Mechanical Function in Cardiac Syndrome X: Speckle Tracking Imaging Study

Objective: Early detection of LV mechanical abnormalities in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Background: Cardiac syndrome X is a triad of angina pectoris, positive stress test for myocardial ischemia and angiographically free coronary arteries. Two dimensional speckle tracking?echocardiography (2D-STE) provides a more sensitive method for evaluation of global and segmental LV function than conventional two dimensional echocardiographic parameters. Subjects and Methods: Seventy patients proved to have CSX and 20 healthy control volunteers were included with a mean age of 49.43 ± 5.92 vs. 49.40 ±6.27 years respectively with no difference regarding sex for both patients and controls. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory diseases, myocarditis and arrhythmias were excluded. All included individuals were subjected to complete conventional echocardiographic assessment and left ventricular global and segmental mechanical function was assessed using 2D based strain and strain rate (longitudinal, radial and circumferential) imaging. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in LV conventional echo parameters between patients and controls. However, global mean longitudinal strain was significantly lower in patients than controls (-15.05 ± 3.28 vs. -20.22 ± 2.49;p 0.001). For radial and circumferential strain stain, there was no significant changes between patients vs. controls (29.75 ± 18.26 vs. 28.09 ± 15.48;p = 0.74) and (-19.88 ± 8.63 vs. -21.93 ± 5.69;p 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: In spite of normal conventional echo parameters among patients and controls, LV longitudinal strain and strain rate by 2D speckle tracking imaging were lower in the patients denoting subclinical left ventricular mechanical dysfunction in patients with CSX.

Value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in quantitative assessment of left ventricular function in patients with OSAS

Objective: To research the clinical application of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in quantitative assessment of left ventricular function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: From July 2016 to December 2018, 86 patients with OSAS were selected as OSAS group. According to sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), they were divided into mild OSAS group (24 cases), moderate OSAS group (29 cases) and severe OSAS group (33 cases). Another 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The left ventricular function of all patients was quantitatively assessed by 2D-STI. The left ventricular function of all patients was quantitatively assessed by 2D-STI. The results of routine echocardiography and left ventricular global strain parameters of the OSAS group, the control group and the OSAS patients with different severity were compared and analyzed. Result: There were no significant differences in the levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESd) between the two groups and OSAS patients with different severity (P>0.05). The levels of IVST, LVPW and LVMI in the OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the levels of end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in the severe OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate OSAS group, and the levels of IVST, LVPW and LVMI in the moderate OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the mild OSAS group, there were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The levels of GLS, GRS and GCS in the OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). GLS, GRS and GCS levels in the severe OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the mild OSAS group and the moderate OSAS group, while the levels of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) in the moderate OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the mild OSAS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The left ventricular systolic function of OSAS patients is obviously impaired. Left ventricular function in OSAS patients can be assessed timely and accurately by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging.

超声心动图监测45例法布雷病患者心脏早期受累的特征分析

【目的】分析45例临床确诊的法布雷病(AFD)患者的临床特征,同时应用超声心动图二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STE)评估法布雷病患者应变图像,以期探索法布雷患者心脏早期受累在超声心动图(UCG)上的表现。【方法】本研究为观察性研究。共纳入确诊为AFD的患者45例,根据UCG测量左室壁有无肥厚,分为左室壁肥厚组(17例,室间隔或左室后壁厚度≥12 mm)和无左室壁肥厚组(28例)。收集患者基线资料,并对所有患者进行常规UCG检查及二维斑点追踪超声心动图分析。应用TomTec工作站分析超声心动图图像,比较两组的临床基线资料、UCG常规参数及心肌应变特征。【结果】本研究共纳入45例AFD患者,年龄(32.33±16.11)岁,其中男性27例(60.00%)。左室壁肥厚组17例(37.78%),无左室壁肥厚组28例(62.22%)。45例患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)均正常(>50%)。与无左室壁肥厚组相比,左室壁肥厚组患者的靶器官受累比例明显增加。与无左室壁肥厚组相比,左室壁肥厚组患者的E/A,平均E/E'明显升高(P<0.05);左室壁肥厚组的整体、心肌层、心内膜以及各节段的纵向应变(LS),周向应变(CS)及径向应变(RS)的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。AFD患者心肌层的整体和各节段LS、CS的绝对值均低于心内膜的对应值(P值均<0.05)。AFD患者的中间段的LS、RS绝对值较基底段和心尖段高(P值均<0.05)。【结论】早期收缩功能障碍与左室壁厚度无明显关系。2D-STE心肌应变可以早期监测AFD室壁肌层受累较心内膜严重,而中间段受累较心尖段和基底段轻。

左室压力-应变环评估终末期肾病透析患者左室收缩功能的临床价值

目的探讨左室压力-应变环(LV-PSL)评估终末期肾病血液透析和腹膜透析患者左室收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选取于我院就诊的79例慢性肾脏病5期患者,其中血液透析组29例、腹膜透析组27例及未透析组23例,均行常规超声心动图检查并获取相关参数,应用自动心肌功能成像分析软件获取左室整体纵向应变(GLS)及心肌做功指数(MWI),包括整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有效功(GCW)、整体无效功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE),比较各组上述参数的差异。分析MWI与常规超声心动图参数、GLS、血压、透析时间、透析方式的相关性。结果各组常规超声心动图参数和GLS比较差异均无统计学意义。血液透析组GWI、GCW均低于腹膜透析组和未透析组,GWW高于腹膜透析组和未透析组,GWE低于腹膜透析组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,GWI、GCW与GLS、左室射血分数(LVEF)、收缩压、舒张压均呈正相关,与室间隔厚度(IVS)、透析时间、透析方式均呈负相关(均P<0.05);GWW与透析方式呈正相关,与GLS呈负相关(均P<0.05);GWE与GLS、LVEF均呈正相关,与IVS、左室后壁厚度、透析方式均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论血液透析对终末期肾病患者左室收缩功能的影响较腹膜透析更大,LV-PSL能准确评估该类患者左室收缩功能,具有较好的临床应用价值。

分层应变技术联合左心室压力-应变环对儿童胸部霍奇金淋巴瘤放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值

目的 分析采用分层应变技术和左心室压力-应变环(PSL)对胸部霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)患儿放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值。方法 抽取2020年1月至2022年12月河南省肿瘤医院接受放疗的胸部HL患儿52例,所有患儿均在放疗前进行PSL及分层应变技术检查,并于放疗后进行心肌标志物与影像学检查,统计儿童放疗后心肌损伤发生情况,并根据结果分为心肌损伤组与非心肌损伤组。比较心肌损伤组与非心肌损伤组患者的PSL检测参数[做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)]、分层应变技术检测参数[心外膜层收缩期纵向峰值应变(LPS-epi)、中层纵向收缩期峰值应变(LPS-mid)、心内膜层纵向收缩期峰值应变(LPS-endo)],采用点二列相关性分析PSL与分层应变技术检查与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤的相关性,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析分层应变技术联合PSL对患儿放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值。结果 经过检查后发现,52例胸部HL患儿中出现心肌损伤占比61.54%,未出现占比38.46%;心肌损伤组GWI、GCW、GWW与GWE低于非心肌损伤组(P<0.05);心肌损伤组LPS-epi、LPS-mid与LPS-endo高于非心肌损伤组(P<0.05);经点二列相关性分析显示,GWI、GCW、GWW、GWE与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),LPS-epi、LPS-mid、LPS-endo与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,分层应变技术联合PSL对胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤发生的曲线下面积>0.7,联合具有一定的评估价值。结论 分层应变技术联合PSL在胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤情况中具有重要的临床评估价值,能够有效评估患儿心肌损伤情况,为临床患儿的防治提供依据。

左室压力-应变环定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者左室心肌做功改变的应用价值

目的 探讨左室压力-应变环(left ventricular pressure-strain loop,LV-PSL)定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者左室心肌做功改变的应用价值。方法 选取2021年8月—2023年8月在南宁市第二人民医院45例确诊为甲状腺功能亢进的患者为研究对象,根据甲亢程度分为A组(临床甲亢,n=33)与B组(亚临床甲亢,n=12),同期选取健康人群45名作为对照(C组)。收集患者一般资料,应用LVPSL技术获取整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)、整体做功指数(global myocardial work index,GWI)、整体有用功(globalmyocardialconstructivework,GCW)、整体无用功(globalmyocardial wasted work,GWW)及整体做功效率(global myocardial work efficiency,GWE),比较三组间上述参数的差异、血清甲状腺功能指标[促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)]、常规超声心动图指标[左心房内径(left atrial dimension,LAD)、左室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall,LVPW)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(interventricular septal thickness at diastole,IVSD)、左心室舒张末期容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF)]。结果 A组TSH[(0.19±0.06)mIU/L]和B组TSH[(0.23±0.02)mIU/L]均低于C组[(2.08±0.36)mIU/L];A组FT4[(25.15±2.18)pmol/L]、FT3[(9.19±1.24)pmol/L]和B组FT4[(20.48±1.98)pmol/L]、FT3[(6.14±0.93)pmol/L]均高于C组FT4[(14.25±1.57)pmol/L]、FT3[(3.14±1.01)pmol/L],差异有统计学意义(F=612.913、304.926、290.891,P均<0.05)。A组和B组甲亢患者与C组的各项常规超声心动图指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。A组和B组的GLS、GWI、GCW、GWE均低于C组,GWW高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 LV-PSL可以定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者的心肌功能改变,不同类型的甲状腺功能亢进患者的甲状腺激素水平存在一定的差异,有利于临床对于甲状腺功能亢进类型的辨别。

Early Detection of Regional and Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Function Using Strain and Strain-rate Imaging in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Background：Strain and strain-rate imaging （SRI） have been found clinically useful in the assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic function as well as providing new insights in deciphering cardiac physiology and mechanics in cardiomyopathies,and identifying early subclinical changes in various pathologies.The aim of this study was to evaluate the regional and global left ventricular （LV） myocardial function in metabolic syndrome （MS） with SRI so that we can provide more myocardial small lesions in patients with MS,which is robust and reliable basis for early detection of LV function.Methods：Thirty-nine adults with MS were enrolled in the study.There was a control group of 39 healthy adults.In addition to classic echocardiographic assessment of LV global functional changes,SRI was used to evaluate regional and global LV function.Including：Peak systolic strain （S）,peak systolic strain-rate （SR-s）,peak diastolic strain-rate （SR-e）.Results：There were no statistically significant differences between MS and controls in all traditional parameters of LV systolic function.On the other hand,significant differences were observed between MS and the control group in most of the parameters of S,SR-s,SR-e in regional LV function.Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that S and SR significantly were negatively correlated with blood pressure,waist circumference,fasting plasma glucose,uric acid,suggesting that risk factories were relevant to regional systolic dysfunction.Conclusion：In MS with normal LV ejection fraction,there was regional myocardial dysfunction,risk factors contributed to the impairment of systolic and diastolic function of the regional myocardium.Assessment of myocardial function using SRI could be more accurate in MS patient evaluation than conventional echocardiography alone.

左室压力-应变环技术预测急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后早期左室重构

目的:探讨左室压力-应变环技术对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后早期左室重构(LVR)的预测价值。方法:收集2021年10月—2022年7月佛山市第一人民医院心血管重症监护室行直接PCI术的102例STEMI患者,根据术后3个月左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)是否增大≥15%分为重构组(n=42)与非重构组(n=60)。收集患者的一般资料,术后48h、术后1个月、术后3个月对患者进行常规二维超声心动图检查(2D-TTE)、左室纵向应变(LVGLS)及心肌做功参数检查,心肌做功参数包括整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE),比较两组间以上参数的差异。结果:两组术后48h各参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1个月、术后3个月重构组的左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、LVESV高于非重构组,左室射血分数(LVEF)低于非重构组,术后3个月重构组的左房内径高于非重构组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),余参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48h,术后1个月、术后3个月重构组LVGLS、GWE、GWI、GCW低于非重构组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),GWW高于非重构组,但仅术后1个月的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术后48 h GWI≤1307 mmHg%及术后1个月GWE≤88%是行直接PCI术后的STEMI患者出现LVR的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:术后48h GWI≤1307mmHg%和术后1个月GWE≤88%是STEMI患者行直接PCI术后早期出现LVR的独立危险因素。

超高压爆破片设计爆破压力的半经验计算公式

针对超高压正拱型爆破片提出设计爆破压力的半经验计算公式,开展超高压爆破片预拱变形后非均匀减薄壁厚的测量试验,借助试验数据对爆破片变形后非均匀减薄壁厚的理论计算公式进行修正,同时,为进一步简化半经验公式及过程,选取不同材料、爆破压力和挠曲高度的试验数据,建立爆破片挠曲高度和材料应变硬化指数之间的关联关系,对设计爆破压力半经验公式化繁为简,利用试验方法,对爆破片的爆破压力进行试验验证,试验结果与理论计算结果吻合较好,其误差分别为3.72%和6.59%,对实际工程应用具有指导意义。