In 2008,the Malaysia land code,named the National Land Code 1965(NLC 1965),was amended to add Part Five(A)to deal with the disposal of underground space.In addition,the Circular of the Director General of Lands and Mi...In 2008,the Malaysia land code,named the National Land Code 1965(NLC 1965),was amended to add Part Five(A)to deal with the disposal of underground space.In addition,the Circular of the Director General of Lands and Mines No.1/2008 was issued to assist the application of Part Five(A)of the NLC 1965.However,the legislation is still questiona ble and has instigated many arguments among numerous actors.Therefore,this research was undertaken to examine legal considerations for the development of underground space.The focus is on four legal considerations,namely underground space ownership,the bundle of rights,depth,and underground space utilization.Rooted in qualitative methods,interviews were conducted with respondents involved in the development of under-ground space in Malaysia.The obtained data were then analyzed descriptively.The findings diferentiated the rights of landowners for surface land and underground space,and their liability for damages and the depth.It was indicated that the current legislation in Malaysia,namely Part Five(A)of the NLC 1965 and the Circular of the Director General of Lands and Mines No.1/2008,is adequate to facilitate the development of underground space in terms of legal considerations.However,to further facilitate the development of underground land in the future,based on the research,four enhancements are recommended for legal considera tions pertaining to the development of underground space in M alaysia.展开更多
The objectives are to provide the ethical rationale as to why the conduct of scientific research in the pediatric population is moral responsibility?Also,the roles and responsibilities of the research ethics board are...The objectives are to provide the ethical rationale as to why the conduct of scientific research in the pediatric population is moral responsibility?Also,the roles and responsibilities of the research ethics board are emphasized;Institutional Review Board to maintain and receive formal training and education to meet the ethical and regulatory standards for conducting scientific researches in the pediatric population.Another rationale is to ensure that the trial protocol involving the pediatric population conforms to ethical and legal requirements and to protect them while facilitating their participation in the scientific research process.Ethical and legal issues form a huge part of recent research;frauds and malpractices have been shown to throw a big part of healthcare funding and harm pediatrics health;however,improvements have been shown,but flaws are still there.展开更多
文摘In 2008,the Malaysia land code,named the National Land Code 1965(NLC 1965),was amended to add Part Five(A)to deal with the disposal of underground space.In addition,the Circular of the Director General of Lands and Mines No.1/2008 was issued to assist the application of Part Five(A)of the NLC 1965.However,the legislation is still questiona ble and has instigated many arguments among numerous actors.Therefore,this research was undertaken to examine legal considerations for the development of underground space.The focus is on four legal considerations,namely underground space ownership,the bundle of rights,depth,and underground space utilization.Rooted in qualitative methods,interviews were conducted with respondents involved in the development of under-ground space in Malaysia.The obtained data were then analyzed descriptively.The findings diferentiated the rights of landowners for surface land and underground space,and their liability for damages and the depth.It was indicated that the current legislation in Malaysia,namely Part Five(A)of the NLC 1965 and the Circular of the Director General of Lands and Mines No.1/2008,is adequate to facilitate the development of underground space in terms of legal considerations.However,to further facilitate the development of underground land in the future,based on the research,four enhancements are recommended for legal considera tions pertaining to the development of underground space in M alaysia.
文摘The objectives are to provide the ethical rationale as to why the conduct of scientific research in the pediatric population is moral responsibility?Also,the roles and responsibilities of the research ethics board are emphasized;Institutional Review Board to maintain and receive formal training and education to meet the ethical and regulatory standards for conducting scientific researches in the pediatric population.Another rationale is to ensure that the trial protocol involving the pediatric population conforms to ethical and legal requirements and to protect them while facilitating their participation in the scientific research process.Ethical and legal issues form a huge part of recent research;frauds and malpractices have been shown to throw a big part of healthcare funding and harm pediatrics health;however,improvements have been shown,but flaws are still there.
