温湿度对越冬异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)存活的影响

为了明确温度和相对湿度对越冬异色瓢虫存活的影响，采用二次正交旋转组合设计，试验了秋冬季收集的异色瓢虫自然种群在不同温湿度组合下，经不同时间后的存活率和存活时间。结果表明，在试验条件下最佳温湿度组合为０℃，ＲＨ７５％。此条件下处理６个月以上时存活率仍达８０％以上，存活时间近９ｄ；温度对异色瓢虫的存活影响最大，湿度次之，温湿度的交互作用最不重要；由试验结果建立了不同处理时间下，温湿度与存活率和存活时间之间关系的一系列二次回归方程。对方程分析表明：０～４℃为异色瓢虫越冬的适宜温度，小于０℃的低温引起存活率下降和存活时间缩短，ＲＨ７０％～８０％为异色瓢虫越冬的适宜湿度，低于ＲＨ６０％和高于ＲＨ９０％不利于存活；处理后的异色瓢虫的存活率和存活时间随着处理时间的延长而减小。但处理时间为６个月以内时。

Investigation on Color Pattern Diversity of Overwintering Harmonia axyridis in Southern Suburb of Jiamusi

Five sampling points for Harmonia axyridis （Pallas） were set in Sifeng Mountain scenic spot and four school districts of Jiamusi University, and diversity of color pattern of overwintering H. axyridis was surveyed from October to December in 2010. Survey results found that there were 16 color patterns of H. axyridis in southern suburb of Jiamusi, 11 species showed yellow background, while the other 5 species were black background, accounting for 68.75% and 31.25% of all the species, respectively. The majority of H. axyridis with yellow background had 18 or 19 spots. Compared with the sampling data in 2006 and 2008, the propor- tions of the color patterns had no significant difference in different years, but it slightly varied with the changes of environment.

异色瓢虫(Hanmonia axyridis)视叶中GABA阳性神经元的分布

目的 :探讨异色瓢虫视叶中γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)能神经元的类型、形态特点、投射走向及分布规律。 方法 :树脂石蜡 (colophony paraffin ,CP ;专利号 :ZL9812 5 70 9.7)组织包埋切片技术结合免疫细胞化学链酶菌抗生物素蛋白 过氧化物酶 (streptavidin peroxidase ,SP)双染法。 结果 :GABA阳性纤维起源于大量细胞体 ,在视叶髓区具有广泛的分布 ,染色程度互不相同 ,并有分层现象 ,几条神经通路染色较浅 ;主要观察到 5种细胞类型 ,GABA能阳性细胞体染色显著 ,呈深褐色 ,根据其定位及神经突的走向可以区分为 8个细胞群。在本模型昆虫中还观察到视网膜后交叉和内髓板结构。结论 :GABA作为神经递质在传递视觉信息方面发挥重要的调节作用 ,且主要抑制局部神经活动 ,并在特定区域和 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)共同起作用。

SKP和LEIS技术在电化学腐蚀研究中的应用进展

介绍了扫描开尔文探针(SKP)和局部电化学阻抗谱(LEIS)两种先进的微区电化学测量技术的原理和优点以及目前主要的应用领域,综述了两种技术在缝隙腐蚀、点蚀和孔蚀、微生物菌腐蚀以及其他类型腐蚀研究中的应用进展。结果表明,两种测量技术对宏观的电化学测量技术有着很好的补充和完善作用。展望了两种技术的未来发展趋势。

原子高激发态的激光增强电离光谱(LEIS)

研究了可谐染料激光激励火焰中的Rb,K原子从基态跃迁到高激发态下的激光增强电离光谱(LEIS),检测到Rb原子从基态5s^2S_(1/2)跃迁到高激发态np^2P_(1/2,3/2)~0(n=13～20),K原子从基态4s^2S_(1/2)跃迁到高激发态np^2P_(1/2,3/2)~0(n=19～24)的LEI信号及Rb,K原子的光谱特征。

Rb原子的激光增强电离光谱(LEIS)

用可调谐染料激光激励火焰中的Rb原子,使从基态跃迁到高激发态,研究高激发态下的激光增强电离光谱(LEIS)。

异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(pallas)生物学初步研究

通过对异色瓢虫的田间观测及室内饲养，对其生物学特性进行研究。在通辽地区异色瓢虫Harmoniaaxyridis（pallas）一年发生3－4代，以成虫越冬。异色瓢虫的卵期3－4天，孵化率92％。幼虫期共四龄。异色瓢虫为通辽地区蚜虫天敌的优势种类。

Molecular cloning, expression profiling and RNA interference of a vitellogenin gene from Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

In this study, the Harmonia axyridis vitellogenin gene 2 (HmVg2) sequence was identified from transcriptomic databases of female adult H. axyridis and cloned into pMD18-T vector. The HmVg2 gene was 5 460 bp in length, and formed with an open reading frame (ORF) of 5 361 nucleotides (GenBank accession no. KY794939). The putative molecular weight of the primary HmVg2 protein was 203.459 kDa and the predicted isoelectric point (pI) was 8.59. HmVg2 contained a signal peptide, vitellogenin N-terminal (vitellogenin-N) domain, domain of unknown function 1943 (DUF1934) domain and von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) domain. The developmental expression profiling showed that HmVg2 was extremely highly expressed in female insects, but was expressed at lower levels in male insects. In female insects, HmVg2 was mainly expressed in the wing and fat body. The double-stranded RNA-HmVg2/-GFP was injected into H. axyridis, and qRT-PCR results showed that the HmVg2 gene was specifically silenced. The eggs laid during the first five days and the hatching rate of eggs was lower than controls after dsHmVg2 injection. This investigation demonstrated that the HmVg2 gene plays an important role in H. axyridis reproduction and enriches the function of the insect vitellogenin gene.

Identification and tissue distribution of odorant binding protein genes in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)

The olfactory system of insects is crucial in modulating behaviors such as host seeking,mating,and oviposition.Odorantbinding proteins(OBPs)are involved in semiochemical recognition.OBPs recognize and bind odorants and transport them to odorant receptors located in olfactory neurons.Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)is a widely used predacious biological control agent for many agricultural and forestry pests.This study identified 19 OBPs in H.axyridis based on the antennal and whole-body transcriptomes of adults and obtained all the full-length open reading frames,including 11‘Classic’OBPs,7‘Minus-C’OBPs and 1‘Plus-C’OBP.They encoded 125 to 241 amino acid proteins with molecular weights ranging from 13.75 to 27.75 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.15 to 8.80.Phylogenetic analyses were used to study the relationships between H.axyridis OBPs and OBPs from other species of Coleoptera.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis showed that HaxyOBP2,3,5,8,10,12,13,14,and 15 were highly expressed in antennae of both adult females and males.Moreover,HaxyOBP2,3,5,12,and 15 were more abundantly expressed in antennae than other body parts,while HaxyOBP13 and HaxyOBP14 were expressed predominantly,and at similar levels,in the head and antennae.The other OBP genes were highly expressed in non-olfactory tissues including the thorax,abdomen,legs,and wings.These results provide valuable information for further study of H.axyridis olfaction,which may ultimately enhance its use as a biocontrol agent.

Survival and development of immature Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) feeding on Chaitophorus populeti (Panzer) propagated on transgenic Populus alba × P. glandulosa

Laboratory feeding experiments with the poplar aphid, Chaitophorus populeti （Panzer）, feeding on transgenic poplar （P. alba × P. glandulosa） varieties C13-5 and C013-5, were carried out to study the effect of transgenic poplar on the ladybird Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）. The mortality and development time of the immature stages, the eclosion rate and body mass of H. axyridis were measured. The results indicated that C. populeti feeding on different varieties of transgenic plants had no statistically significant ef- fect on the mortality ofH. axyridis larvae. The development time of larval and pupal stages were not significantly different between the two transgenic poplars and a non-transgenic poplar. Furthermore, the body mass and eclosion rate did not show any difference between the H. axyridis feeding on aphids reared on transgenic plants and those from non-transgenic plants. It is suggested that transgenic plants have no deleterious effect on the predatory ladybird.

利用LEIS和EIS研究铁红环氧酯底漆在海水介质中的失效行为

为了明确铁红环氧酯底漆在沿海潮湿环境中的劣化过程,采用局部电化学阻抗谱(LEIS)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了铁红环氧酯底漆在海水介质中干湿循环条件下的失效过程。结果表明:铁红环氧酯底漆在干湿循环条件下对Q345R钢的防护性能呈阶段性变化。在海水渗入初期,涂层表面随机分布大量的高阻抗点,涂层的防护性能与完好涂层相差很少;但在海水渗透涂层后,整体阻抗值明显降低,同时试样表面随机分布的高阻抗点数量有所减少,导致涂层防护性能发生明显下降,Q345R钢基材开始被腐蚀。

In situ FTIR and ex situ XPS/HS-LEIS study of supported Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)and Cu/ZnO catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation

Cu-based catalysts are commonly used in industry for methanol synthesis.In this study,supported catalysts of 5 wt%Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)and 5 wt%Cu/ZnO were prepared,and their surface characteristics during H_(2) reduction and CO_(2)hydrogenation were investigated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and high sensitivity low energy ion scattering spectroscopy.During the H2 reduction and CO_(2)hydrogenation processes,it was found that Al_(2)O_(3)can stabilize Cu^(+).In situ FTIR spectra indicated that the 5 wt%Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)can adsorb large amounts of bicarbonate and carbonate species,which then convert into formate during CO_(2)hydrogenation.For the 5 wt%Cu/ZnO,it was found that Cu nanoparticles were gradually covered by a highly defective ZnOx overlayer during H2 reduction,which can effectively dissociate H2.During CO_(2)hydrogenation,the adsorbed bicarbonate or carbonate species can convert into formate and then into a methoxy species.Using these surface sensitive methods,a more in-depth understanding of the synergistic effect among the Cu,Al_(2)O_(3),and ZnO components of Cu-based catalysts was achieved.

微卫星标记LEI0258在重庆地方鸡中的多态性研究

本研究应用LEI0258微卫星标记来研究鸡主要组织相容性复合体(Major Histocompatibility Complex,MHC)的遗传多态性,并对鸡群体的遗传结构进行挖掘。利用毛细管电泳技术原理,选用8个地理分布来源差异明显的群体(德化黑鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、白来航鸡、重庆城口山地鸡、大宁河鸡、南川土鸡、增福土鸡和秀山土鸡)共计275只鸡进行分型,并使用STRUCTURE软件对8个鸡群体的群体遗传结构进行挖掘。结果显示,8个群体的期望杂合度(He)均大于观测杂合度(Ho),且多态信息含量(PIC)均在0.5以上,表现出高度的多态性,多数群体偏离哈代-温伯格(HWE)平衡且存在近交的风险;LEI0258位点上检测到67个等位基因,每个群体都有特异性等位基因,基因频率分布不均匀,家禽中MHC等位基因可能因家禽生产集约化而有所不同;从群体间差异(Fst)来看,8个群体的Fst分布在0.016 3(ZF vs NC)至0.237 0(WL vs XS)间,具有较大的遗传分歧;STRUCTURE分析发现不同重庆地方鸡群体有一些共同的遗传结构成分;相较于标准化生产品种,本地品种在MHC-B区域具有较高的遗传多样性,MHC基因的多态性在家禽中与多种传染病的抗性存在高度相关性,提示重庆本地鸡具有较强的抗病能力。本研究在探究出8个家鸡群体呈现出较高遗传多样性的同时,为地方品种的保护及家禽抗病育种提供参考。

Fast-GC Quantification of Harmonine,the Major Defense Alkaloid of the Multicolored Asian Ladybird Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)

These last few years the multicolored Asian ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), previously introduced in Europe and North America as a biological control agent, has swiftly spread out on those territories and turns out to be a pest in several ways. In order to improve understanding of several key points of the biology of this ladybird, a novel fast-GC method of quantification of harmonine, the main defense alkaloid of H. axyridis, has been designed and validated using the accuracy profile concept for concentrations ranging from 13 to 264 μg/individual. This method allows quantifying harmonine in a single insect with a maximal error risk of 20%. For ladybirds collected in spring, mean harmonine concentration observed was 106.6 μg/individual with a very high standard deviation of 80.2 μg/individual, which can easily be explained by the strong asymmetry of the results distribution. Males and females seem equally chemically protected as the harmonine concentration did not significantly differ between sexes. This method is currently used to improve our comprehension of several key points of H. axyridis biology including aggregation behavior and aposematism.

基层央行推广应用全球法人识别编码(LEI)的难点及对策建议——以黔西南州为例

全球法人识别编码(LEI)旨在加强全球范围内对法人身份的识别。目前,LEI已覆盖全球160余万家金融机构和企业,并作为全球通用的法人识别编码在国际上广泛使用。但基层央行在具体推广应用过程中遇到一些困难,文章结合人民银行黔西南州中心支行工作实际,深入分析其难点和原因,并针对性提出对策建议,以便更好地推动LEI在更多领域的应用,切实提升企业在国际市场的竞争力。

不同虫龄异色瓢虫对棉蚜的潜在控制能力评价

为明确天敌昆虫对黄瓜害虫的自然控制作用,以优势天敌昆虫异色瓢虫为对象,黄瓜棉蚜为猎物,采用HollingⅡ功能反应数学模型、寻找效应模型和HasselⅡ数学模型,研究不同虫龄异色瓢虫对黄瓜棉蚜的捕食功能反应。结果表明,在试验范围内,不同虫龄异色瓢虫对棉蚜的捕食量与棉蚜密度正相关,捕食功能曲线符合HollingⅡ模型,1~4龄异色瓢虫对棉蚜的最大日捕食量分别为31.25、66.225、192.308和370.370头,成虫最大日捕食量为124.20头;4龄幼虫对棉蚜的控制能力最强,a′/T_(h)值最高(372.119),其次为3龄幼虫、成虫、2龄幼虫,1龄幼虫对棉蚜的控制能力相对最弱,a′/T_(h)值最低(27.366)。不同龄期异色瓢虫的寻找效应与棉蚜密度均呈负相关,且在相同猎物密度下,4龄异色瓢虫对棉蚜的寻找效应相对最高。异色瓢虫成虫的捕食作用存在较强的种内干扰反应,拟合模型为E=0.6625P^(-0.8307)。综上表明,不同虫龄异色瓢虫对棉蚜均具有不同程度的捕食能力,尤其高龄幼虫和成虫捕食作用较强。

基于数据挖掘探讨《医方类聚·咳嗽门》用药规律

目的 探讨《医方类聚·咳嗽门》中治疗咳嗽病用药规律,为临床提供参考和借鉴。方法 纳入《医方类聚·咳嗽门》所载咳嗽病治疗处方,对方中使用药物的用药频次、性味归经、功效等进行频数统计,对高频药物进行药物类别、关联规则及聚类分析。结果 共纳入方剂1 332首,包括中药378味,药味多在12味以下,高频药物包括甘草、半夏、人参、杏仁、陈皮、茯苓、生姜、五味子等,药性以温性为主,药味以辛、苦、甘味为主,主要归肺经、脾经,功效类别以化痰止咳平喘药及补虚药为主;关联规则共得出2联组合18项,3联组合34项,4联组合3项,多为健脾祛湿、宣肺化痰药物组合,同时得出核心药物组为二陈汤加减,聚类分析得出6个药物组群,具有清肺润肺、理气健脾、燥湿化痰及温阳功效特点。结论 明代以前医家对咳嗽病的处方用药相对精简,以温化为主,润燥合宜,肺脾同治,重视理气化痰。

关于四川彭州竹瓦街出土“列罍”问题的再研究

20世纪50年代后,四川彭县竹瓦街的两处窖藏出土过两批青铜罍。第一批在1959年,一号窖藏出土五件青铜罍;第二批在1980年,二号窖藏出土四件青铜罍。冯汉骥认为一号窖藏出土的五件青铜罍可视之为列罍,而后赵殿增赞同冯汉骥的观点,并认为二号窖藏原来应为五件,由于某种原因有一件未埋入坑中。本文认为竹瓦街的青铜罍不符合所谓“列罍”标准。从理论上来说,窖藏铜器的性质不同于墓葬铜器,组合关系不可信,利用窖藏资料来研究青铜器的组合关系,是有风险的。从实际情况来看,竹瓦街一号窖藏出土五件罍,二号窖藏出土四件罍,已经显示出两处出土罍的数量不同,而且其中有成双成对的三组罍,也明显不符合“列器”的规则。况且,迄今为止,还没有发现竹瓦街以外的中国其他地区有出土所谓“列罍”的考古实例。

两部《名医类案》辨治肺痨经验探骊

《名医类案》与《续名医类案》两书体例相同,内容相近,互为补充,均为重要的医案类著作。通过系统梳理两书“劳瘵”篇章的内容,探究历代医家诊治肺痨的辨证思路与用药经验。肺痨主要证型可分3期,初期脾虚阳郁证、肺肾阴亏证,中期气阴两虚证,以及后期阴虚血瘀证、蛊毒侵肺证,并提出健脾散郁、补肺益肾、益气养阴、滋阴活血、攻毒杀虫等相应治法。目前尚未有学者对古代肺痨医案进行分析,且中医临床指南也未对攻毒杀虫法进行详细阐述,因此探究古代医案中蕴含的临证经验,对于当前临床诊治肺痨具有一定启发意义。

高校“雷锋式”学生党员队伍培育标准化策略探讨

高校大学生党员是青年群体的中坚力量和先锋骨干,高校学生党员队伍标准化建设是加强高校党建工作的重要环节,是深化高校学风建设与校园文化建设的重要内容。以雷锋精神引领高校学生党员队伍标准化建设,是高校内涵式发展与人才培养质量的核心内容,关系着高校和谐健康发展,关系着新时代高校如何培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。基于此,本文探讨了高校“雷锋式”学生党员队伍培育的标准化策略,旨在不断提高学生党员队伍党性修养、道德品质、自身素质,实现为党育人、为国育才目标。