Length estimation of extended targets based on bistatic high resolution range profile

The approach to estimate the length of extended targets by using the bistatic high resolution range profile（ H RRP） is analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the bistatic H RRP and the monostatic H RRP of extended targets are investigated. It is demonstrated by simulations that the target length measured by the bistatic H RRP is more meaningful and accurate than that by the monostatic HRRP,though the monostatic H RRP has been well developed and widely used in target recognizing and classification. The estimation results of a cone shaped target are present and compared at the end of the paper. To assure the reliability of the simulation,the bistatic H RRP is obtained through the scattering field data calculated by a fullwave numerical method,FE-BI-MLFMA.

Curve length estimation based on cubic spline interpolation in gray-scale images

This paper deals with a novel local arc length estimator for curves in gray-scale images.The method first estimates a cubic spline curve fit for the boundary points using the gray-level information of the nearby pixels,and then computes the sum of the spline segments’lengths.In this model,the second derivatives and y coordinates at the knots are required in the computation;the spline polynomial coefficients need not be computed explicitly.We provide the algorithm pseudo code for estimation and preprocessing,both taking linear time.Implementation shows that the proposed model gains a smaller relative error than other state-of-the-art methods.

Accurate Interconnection Length and Routing Channel Width Estimates for FPGAs

We study the problem of the prediction of interconnection dimensions for FPGAs, including estimating interconnection length and channel width. Experimental results show that our estimates are more accurate than those of existing methods.

Estimation of vehicle queuing lengths at metering roundabouts

Signalized metering roundabouts are equipped with advanced loop detectors and traffic signals that can reduce vehicle queuing lengths, especially on the dominant approach, when unbalanced traffic flow conditions occur. At a metering roundabout, changeable queuing lengths and the location of detectors determine signal phase times, which in turn affect queuing length on each approach. To date, most studies have focused on perfor- mance comparisons between normal and metered roundabouts, but have failed to evaluate the effect of detector locations on queuing formations. In addition, no guidelines have been developed to enable practitioners to select the appropriate detector location that would lead to optimum roundabout performance. This study, therefore, formulated a numerical model for the estimation of queuing length at a metering roundabout. The model consists of advance vehicle detectors on two approaches and one traffic signal. In order to calibrate and verify the model, queuing lengths were recorded using two drones for the Old Belair Road metering roundabout in Adelaide, South Australia. In order to assess the fitness of the model, an R2 test was conducted, and the results showed that the numerical model can predict queuing lengths on the controlling and metered approaches with up to 83% of R2 value. Moreover, the estimated queuing lengths were compared against those predicted by the software AIMSUN for the same location and under the same conditions. It is expectedthat the model will assist and guide practitioners in determining the best detector locations for metering roundabouts.

The role of zonal flows in reactive fluid closures

We will give an overview of results obtained by our reactive fluid model. It is characterised as a fluid model where all moments with sources in the experiment are kept. Furthermore, full account is taken for the highest moments appearing in unexpanded denominators also including full toroidicity. It has been demonstrated that the strength of zonal flows is dramatically larger in reactive fluid closures than in those which involve dissipation. This gives a direct connection between the fluid closure and the level of excitation of turbulence. This is because zonal flows are needed to absorb the inverse cascade in quasi 2D turbulence. This also explains the similarity in structure of the transport coefficients in our model with a reactive closure in the energy equation and models which have a reactive closure because of zero ion temperature such as the Hasegawa-Wakatani model. Our exact reactive closure unifies several well-known features of tokamak experiments such as the L-H transition, internal transport barriers and the nonlinear Dimits upshift of the critical gradient for onset of transport. It also gives transport of the same level as that in nonlinear gyrokinetic codes. Since these include the kinetic resonance this confirms the validity of the thermodynamic properties of our model. Furthermore, we can show that while a strongly nonlinear model is needed in kinetic theory a quasilinear model is sufficient in the fluid description. Thus our quasilinear fluid model will be adequate for treating all relevant problems in bulk transport. This is finally confirmed by the reproduction by the model of the experimental power scaling of the confinement time Te ~ P-2/3. This confirms the validity of our reactive fluid model. This also gives credibility to our ITER simulations including the H-mode barrier. A new result is here, that alpha heating strongly reduces the slope of the H-mode barrier. This should significantly reduce the effects of ELM＇s.

Probabilistic Models for Estimation of Random and Pseudo-Random Test Length

A new probabilistic testability measure is presented to ease test length analyses of random testing and pseudorandom testing.The testability measure given in this paper is oriented to signal conflict of reconvergent fanouts.Test length analyses in this paper are based on a hard fault set,calculations of which are practicable and simple.Experimental results have been obtained to show the accuracy of this test length analyser in comparison with that of Savir,Chin and McCluskey,and Wunderlich by using a pseudorandom test generator combined with exhaustive fault simulation.

The segmentation algorithm for handwritten numeral strings in bank-check recognition

In this paper,an integrated system of segmenting unconstrained handwritten numeral strings with unknowing number of digits is proposed,which consists of the extraction of connected components based on vertical projection and isolated components analysis,the length estimation of connected components using syntax analysis and waveform analysis and the segmentation of unconstrained connected handwritten numeral strings using innovative reverse“drop-falling”algorithm.This segmentation system which has promising results is then incorporated into a complete bank check character recognition system.