Sensitivity impacts owing to the variations in the type of zero-range pairing forces on the fission properties using the density functional theory

Using the Skyrme density functional theory,potential energy surfaces of^(240)Pu with constraints on the axial quadrupole and octupole deformations(q_(20)and q_(30))were calculated.The volume-like and surface-like pairing forces,as well as a combination of these two forces,were used for the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov approximation.Variations in the least-energy fission path,fission barrier,pairing energy,total kinetic energy,scission line,and mass distribution of the fission fragments based on the different forms of the pairing forces were analyzed and discussed.The fission dynamics were studied based on the timedependent generator coordinate method plus the Gaussian overlap approximation.The results demonstrated a sensitivity of the mass and charge distributions of the fission fragments on the form of the pairing force.Based on the investigation of the neutron-induced fission of^(239)Pu,among the volume,mixed,and surface pairing forces,the mixed pairing force presented a good reproduction of the experimental data.

Monte Carlo simulations of biaxial structure in thin hybrid nematic film based upon spatially anisotropic pair potential

Hybrid nematic films have been studied by Monte Carlo simulations using a lattice spin model, in which the pair potential is spatially anisotropic and dependent on elastic constants of liquid crystals. We confirm in the thin hybrid nematic film the existence of a biaxially nonbent structure and the structure transition from the biaxial to the bent-director structure, which is similar to the result obtained using the Lebwoh-Lasher model. However, the step-like director＇s profile, characteristic for the biaxial structure, is spatially asymmetric in the film because the pair potential leads to K1 ≠ K3. We estimate the upper cell thickness to be 69 spin layers, in which the biaxial structure can be found.

Coherent charge transport in ferromagnet/semiconductor nanowire/ferromagnet double barrier junctions with the interplay of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, induced superconducting pair potential,and external magnetic field

By solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, the influence of the interplay of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, induced superconducting pair potential, and external magnetic field on the spin-polarized coherent charge transport in ferromagnet/semiconductor nanowire/ferromagnet double barrier junctions is investigated based on the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory. The coherence effect is characterized by the strong oscillations of the charge conductance as a function of the bias voltage or the thickness of the semiconductor nanowire, resulting from the quantum interference of incoming and outgoing quasiparticles in the nanowire. Such oscillations can be effectively modulated by varying the strength of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the thickness of the nanowire, or the strength of the external magnetic field. It is also shown that two different types of zero-bias conductance peaks may occur under some particular conditions, which have some different characteristics and may be due to different mechanisms.

Theoretical Analysis of Lattice Parameter Effect on Order-Disorder Transformation Based on Pair Potential

Based on pair potential, the Bragg Williams (B-W) model is modified to takeinto account the effect of the lattice parameter on theoretical order-disorder transformationanalysis. The main purpose of this work is to understand the basic aspects of this effect andrelated reasonable model on order-disorder transformation. In the present approach, theconfiguration free energy is chosen as function of the lattice parameter and the long-range order.This energy is calculated through Taylor's expansion, starting from the disordered state. It wasfound that the configuration free energy has been strongly modified when the lattice parameter istaken into account. It was also found only one type of order-disorder transformation exists in ABalloy and three kinds of order-disorder transformations for non-equiatomic alloy system such as A_3Balloy. This result is in agreement with experiments.

Spin Supercurrent in Phenomena of Quantum Non-Locality (Quantum Correlations, Magnetic Vector Potential) and in Near-Field Antenna Effect

It is shown that such phenomena as quantum correlations (interaction of space-separated quantum entities), the action of magnetic vector potential on quantum entities in the absence of magnetic field, and near-field antenna effect (the existence of superluminally propagating electromagnetic fields) may be explained by action of spin supercurrents. In case of quantum correlations between quantum entities, spin supercurrent emerges between virtual particles pairs (virtual photons) created by those quantum entities. The explanation of magnetic vector potential and near-field antenna effect is based on contemporary principle of quantum mechanics: the physical vacuum is not an empty space but the ground state of the field consisting of quantum harmonic oscillators (QHOs) characterized by zero-point energy. Using the properties of the oscillators and spin supercurrent, it is proved that magnetic vector potential is proportional to the moment causing the orientation of spin of QHO along the direction of magnetic field. The near-field antenna effect is supposed to take place as a result of action of spin supercurrent causing secondary electromagnetic oscillations. In this way, the electromagnetic field may spread at the speed of spin supercurrent. As spin supercurrent is an inertia free process, its speed may be greater than that of light, which does not contradict postulates of special relativity that sets limits to the speed of inertial systems only.

Carrying Capacity and Utilization Potential Analysis of Groundwater Resources in Semiarid District in Heilongjiang Province

Irrigation water became the limiting factor to the persistent improvement of grain production. Based on the data from Gannan County, a semiarid area in the west of Heilongjiang Province, the present situation of the development and utilization of water resources and the suitable water saving irrigation mode were analyzed by using SPA model, which was significant to the efficient and rational utilization of water resources and the improvement of agriculture productivity. The result showed that the model could be applied well to the assessment of development and utilization of water resources and the multi-project optimal selection. Through calculation, it could be found that the utilization of water resources in Gannan County was still in the primary stage, and the integration technology of the optimized water saving irrigation should be combined to support the sustainable development of agriculture in the semiarid area.

Perturbation and variational approach for the equation of state for hard-sphere and Lennard-Jones fluids

The present work uses the concept of a scaled particle along with the perturbation and variation approach, to develop an equation of state （EOS） for a mixture of hard sphere （HS）, Lennar-Jones （L J） fluids. A suitable flexible functional form for the radial distribution function G（R） is assumed for the mixture, with R as a variable. The function G（R） has an arbitrary parameter m and a different equation of state can be obtained with a suitable choice of m. For m = 0.75 and m = 0.83 results are close to molecular dynamics （MD） result for pure HS and LJ fluid respectively.

基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法

为综合判断在区域水利高质量发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相互作用下区域水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统不断协同优化的系统高质量发展水平状态,构建了由发展目标、发展途径和发展条件3个子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展初步评价指标体系。为定量分析初步评价指标体系的专家咨询信息,根据专家指标排序合理性模糊关系的取值区间特点提出了相对联系数,用相对联系数的平均集对势估计各专家指标排序合理性的权重,进而可得各指标重要性的专家综合排序值,据此筛选初步评价指标体系,构建了基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法(SM-RCN)。SM-RCN在陕西省的应用结果表明:筛选后的指标体系汇聚了各专家对区域水利高质量发展主要影响指标的综合评判;SM-RCN可克服评价指标体系构建过程缺乏定量分析依据的不足,可识别不同专家、同一专家对不同评价方面的指标排序合理性的程度。该筛选方法在区域水利现代化、水资源空间均衡、水资源承载力等评价指标体系构建过程中具有应用前景。

基于集对分析的区域水利高质量发展评价方法

基于发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相作用形成的区域水利高质量发展系统结构和相对联系数的指标体系筛选方法,构建了由59个评价指标、11个发展方面、3个发展子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系;利用专家咨询和遗传层次分析法确定各指标权重,采用集对分析计算指标、方面、子系统和样本4个层次与区域水利高质量发展评价标准集对间的联系数,应用减法集对势判断4个层次区域水利高质量发展状态,建立了基于集对分析的区域水利高质量发展评价方法(SPA-HDEM),并将其应用于陕西省2020年10个地市的水利高质量发展评价中。结果表明:西安水利高质量发展状态处于中等偏较高等级,咸阳、汉中、渭南、安康、宝鸡、榆林均处于中等等级,延安、商洛、铜川均处于较低偏中等等级;非陕南的7个地市的发展条件均不佳,10个地市的发展途径均相对较低;各地市处于反势的指标中,西安有“人均水资源量”等11个、铜川有“防洪堤防达标率”等32个、宝鸡有“水利投资占GDP比重”等16个、咸阳有“人均生活用水量”等14个、渭南有“水资源开发利用率”等19个、延安有“供水模数”等21个、榆林有“供水模数”等22个、汉中有“防洪堤防达标率”等15个、安康有“防洪堤防达标率”等21个、商洛有“人均工资”等25个,重点调控这些反势指标是全省水利高质量发展工作中的重要任务。SPA-HDEM适用性强,在已知评价等级标准的实际区域水利高质量发展评价问题中具有应用前景。

基于集对分析的用水定额评估方法及应用

为深入贯彻落实“四水四定”原则,提升水资源节约集约安全利用水平,建立由覆盖性评估、规范性评估、合理性评估、先进性评估和实用性评估构成的用水定额评估指标体系及分级标准。基于集对分析理论构建用水定额评估模型,采用五元减法集对势识别出较差的单指标。将该方法应用于我国华北缺水地区典型工业行业用水定额评估中,结果表明,山东省医药制造业重点工业产品用水定额总体评估结果为“宽松”,行业类别覆盖比例等7个指标的集对势处于反势或偏反势,可作为用水定额修订需要重点完善的内容。基于集对分析的用水定额评估方法系统实用,克服了评估指标覆盖不全面的缺陷,可以给出用水定额合理客观的评估结论,对于确保用水定额始终满足节水管理的需求具有重要意义。

基于潜在关系的实体关系联合抽取模型

实体关系联合抽取的作用是从特定文本中识别出实体和对应关系,同时它也是知识图谱构建和更新的基础。目前的联合抽取方法在追求性能的同时都忽略了抽取过程中的信息冗余。针对此问题,提出基于潜在关系的实体关系联合抽取模型,通过设计一种新的解码方式来减少预测过程中关系、实体和三元组的冗余信息,从整体上分为提取潜在实体对、解码关系两步来完成从句子中抽取三元组的任务。首先通过潜在实体对提取器预测实体间是否存在潜在关系,同时筛选出置信度高的实体对作为最终的潜在实体对;其次将关系解码视作多标签二分类任务,通过关系解码器预测每个潜在实体对之间全部关系的置信度;最后通过置信度确定关系数量和类型,以完成三元组的抽取任务。在两个通用数据集上的实验结果表明,所提模型相比基线模型在准确率和F1指标上的效果更好,验证了所提模型的有效性,消融实验也证明了模型内部各部分的有效性。

基于热传递减法集对势的区域水资源承载力评价

为有效评估区域水资源承载力系统演变特征并诊断脆弱性影响因素,引入物理学热传递思想,在集对分析传统减法集对势基础上进一步深化确定性项和不确定项之间的势差概念,构建了基于热传递减法集对势的区域水资源承载力评价方法,并应用于安徽省江淮丘陵区。结果表明:2011—2018年安徽省江淮丘陵区除合肥市外,其余地市水资源承载力水平整体有所改善,合肥市水资源承载力等级较低;人均水资源量、产水模数、生态用水率等因素是影响安徽省江淮丘陵区水资源承载力变化的重要脆弱性因素。整体而言,本文计算分析结果与传统减法集对势及半偏减法集对势计算结果基本一致,这表明构建的基于热传递减法集对势的水资源承载力评价方法计算结果合理有效,且丰富和发展了集对势的内涵,可为开展区域水资源承载力评价及脆弱性因素识别提供新的研究途径。

基于集对分析和信息扩散的区域农业旱灾脆弱性评价与诊断

农业旱灾脆弱性评价是农业旱灾风险防控的重要依据。该文基于信息扩散改进指标值隶属度计算方法,构建样本指标值与评价等级标准之间的联系数,采用级别特征值法确定区域旱灾脆弱性等级,完成利用减法集对势对子系统发展态势进行分析。同时,识别出农业旱灾脆弱性主要诱导因子,建立了基于集对分析和信息扩散的区域农业旱灾脆弱性评价与诊断模型。该文将模型应用于安徽省宿州市,结果表明:宿州市在2007—2017年的农业旱灾脆弱性处于中等程度,且总体呈下降趋势;农业旱灾暴露性改善明显,灾损敏感性降低且发展较平缓,防灾减灾能力有所提升,但仍处于较弱水平。宿州市农业旱灾脆弱性主要诱导因子依次为:监测预警能力、单位面积应急浇水能力、农业GDP占地区生产总值比例、节水灌溉率、复种指数、灌溉指数、单位面积现状供水能力、耕地率、农业人口比例、库容系数。

随机模拟半偏减法集对势的区域水资源承载力评价方法

为准确评价区域水资源承载力状态,探讨以联系数和集对势为理论基础构建评价模型,分析普通半偏减法集对势的整体结构及物理意义,为进一步挖掘联系数半偏减法集对势的不确定信息,建立了联系数差异度系数与半偏减法集对势差异度系数的关系,提出了半偏减法集对势差异度系数的三角模糊数随机模拟方法,建立了随机模拟半偏减法集对势差异度系数的区域水资源承载力评价方法。将评价方法应用于安徽省蚌埠市水资源承载力评价中,发现态势变化呈现由偏反势过渡到均势再到偏反势;评价等级值整体处于2~3级之间,说明蚌埠市整体水资源承载状态较差,但有好转趋势。评价模型应用结果与实际情况吻合,为保障区域水资源高质量发展提供了新的评价方法。

动态差异度系数在淮北平原水资源承载力评价中的应用

为科学有效地评价区域水资源承载力,基于现有动态差异度系数的相关研究,充分挖掘评价样本与等级标准之间的不确定性信息,推导出随样本值变化而变化的差异度系数计算式,构建了基于动态差异度系数的四元联系数值法的区域水资源承载力定量评价方法。该方法在安徽省淮北平原的应用结果表明:2015—2019年安徽省淮北平原六市水资源承载状况均处于2级临界可载与3级临界超载之间,说明水资源承载状况较差;联系数值法得出的评价结果与级别特征值法、四元减法集对势基本相同,联系数值法较其他两种方法更客观,灵敏度更高;联系数值法可准确判断集对系统的发展趋势,为解决水资源、水环境等领域类似评价提供参考。

基于组合赋权-集对分析的城市供水安全评价

为更精准地评价城市供水安全,将集对分析法与主客观组合赋权法相结合,建立区域城市供水安全评价模型,即用最小相对信息熵原理确定指标综合权重并耦合到指标联系度中,构建出城市供水安全的组合赋权-集对分析的评价体系,通过五元减法集对势确定城市供水安全等级,并对昆明市2011~2020年的供水安全评价划分安全等级。结果表明,2011~2013年昆明市供水处于安全等级,其中2011、2012年更倾向于基本安全等级;2014~2020年昆明市供水处于非常安全等级但更倾向于安全等级,供水状态相对安全和稳定。所提方法一定程度上解决了城市供水安全评价等级中的不确定性和多指标性问题,为城市供水安全评价提供了一种新思路。

基于综合基尼系数和减法集对势的区域水资源空间均衡评价与诊断

为支撑经济社会发展和水利高质量发展,科学判断区域水资源空间均衡状态至关重要。为此,构建水资源与人口数量、GDP匹配的洛伦兹曲线,对人口数量和GDP进行赋权,根据计算得到的区域水资源匹配各要素的综合基尼系数判断空间均衡状态,采用减法集对势识别影响区域水资源空间均衡的弱区域,建立了基于综合基尼系数和减法集对势的区域水资源空间均衡综合评价模型。模型应用于重庆市,结果表明,2015—2022年重庆市水资源空间均衡总体处于不均衡状态。中心城区、渝西地区和渝东新城大部分区域常年处于不均衡状态,且减法集对势为偏反势或反势,是影响重庆市水资源空间均衡状态的弱区域,未来应以这些区域为重点采取调控措施改善均衡状态。评价模型可为区域水利高质量发展和水资源优化配置提供参考。

碰撞激活诱导的双势阱势能面可以实现9-甲基-8-氧鸟嘌呤-9-甲基腺嘌呤碱基对阳离子自由基的质子转移

8-氧鸟嘌呤(OG)是最常见的核碱基氧化损伤,它在复制过程中可以用Hoogsteen的模式与腺嘌呤(A)错误配对.0G.A碱基对不仅可以诱发G·C→T·A的颠换突变,而且由于OG的电离势和氧化电位低于天然DNA碱基更容易受到电离辐射和单电子氧化的影响,本文报道了[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)碱華对阳离子自由基的形成.和碰撞诱导解离,该碱基对利用9-甲基8-氧鸟嘌呤(9MOG)和9-甲基腺嘌呤(9MA)模拟相对应的核苷酸.实验通过电喷雾产生Cu(Ⅱ)碱基复合物继之以氧化分离产生[9MOG·9MA]^(·+),并使用导向离子束串级质谱仪检测[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)的碰撞诱导解离、通过测量在不同碰撞能量下的解离产物和反应截面,可以得出[9MOG-H]+[9MA+H]^(+)(主要解离通道)和9MOG^(·+)+9MA(次要通道)的0 K解离阈能分别为1.8和1.65 eV.使用密度泛函理论对[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)的结构计算发现其所有重要构象都发生了质子转移生成[9MOG-H]^(·)·[9MA+H]^(+).另一方面,9MOG^(·+)+9MA的解离通道却需要9MOG^(·+)9MA作为中间体.看似矛盾的结果可以用碰撞活化后反应势能面上出现的双重势阱和由此触发的激发态质子转移平衡([9MOG-H]^(·)·[9MA+H]^(+))^(*)→←(9MOG6(·+)·9MA)^(*)来解释.本文实验和理论研究揭示了这种生物学上重要的非规范碱基对如何在氧化和电离损伤时发生解离.

考虑裂纹故障的时变啮合刚度计算研究与分析

以传动系统中存在裂纹故障的直齿轮为研究对象,综合考虑轮齿接触、弯曲、剪切、径向压缩和弹性变形等因素,提出了一种修正裂纹直齿轮副时变啮合刚度的算法。通过简化齿轮为悬臂梁的方式,分析裂纹的长度、深度、角度等参数对直齿圆柱齿轮啮合刚度的影响,采用MATLAB编程实现了时变啮合刚度的修正计算。研究结果为直齿圆柱齿轮副裂纹失效机理提供了理论基础。

Paired associative stimulation improves synaptic plasticity and functional outcomes after cerebral ischemia

Paired associative stimulation is a relatively new non-invasive brain stimulation technique that combines transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. The effects of paired associative stimulation on the excitability of the cerebral cortex can vary according to the time interval between the transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. We established a model of cerebral ischemia in rats via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We administered paired associative stimulation with a frequency of 0.05 Hz 90 times over 4 weeks. We then evaluated spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze. Changes in the cerebral ultra-structure and synaptic plasticity were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and a 64-channel multi-electrode array. We measured mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the hippocampus using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Paired associative stimulation treatment significantly improved learning and memory in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. The ultra-structures of synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia were restored by paired associative stimulation. Long-term potentiation at synapses in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus was enhanced as well. The protein and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 increased after paired associative stimulation treatment. These data indicate that paired associative stimulation can protect cog-nition after cerebral ischemia. The observed effect may be mediated by increases in the mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1, and by enhanced synaptic plasticity in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China(approval No. TJ-A20151102) on July 11, 2015.