Speckle reduction using phase plate array and lens array

In this paper,a solution for speckle reduction using phase plate array(PPA)and lens array(LA)in a motionless way is proposed.The specially designed PPA is composed of sub-phase plates,which are constituted by phase patterns formed by Hadamard sub-matrices.Each component of the proposed optical system should satisfy the stated relationships.The incident laser beam will be incoherent after passing through PPA,and superpose on the screen under the action of LA and main lens.Speckle reduction can be achieved by the averaging of the incoherent speckle patterns.Because of abandoning the mechanical movement,it will be suitable for laser displays and images.

The Computer Analysis of the Excimer Laser Beam Intensity Uniformization by Rotational Lens Array

The excimer laser has important applications in many fields. Because of its non-uniform intensity distribution there are some limits in applications. This paper introduces rotational lens array to improve intensity distributions. The intensity variation is reduced to 1 percent by computer simulation.

A novel fabrication technique for three-dimensional concave nanolens arrays

A novel facile technique is proposed for fabricating three-dimensional(3D)concave nanolens arrays on a silicon substrate.The technique leverages an inherent characteristic of the polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resist during inductively coupled plasma(ICP)etching.The tendency for plasma ions to accumulate at the edge of the PMMA resist helps create a local electric field that causes the ions to etch the sidewall of the PMMA resist.This process progressively increases the uncovered area,resulting in a graded etched depth or a concave structure in the substrate.In addition,using a given ICP etching recipe,the time required for a PMMA resist to be removed by sidewall etching is determined by its width.The use of PMMA resist of different widths enables one to achieve structures of varying etched depths and thus a 3D lens array.Optical characteristics of the fabricated nanolens were simulated using the FDTD(Finite-difference time-domain)method,and focal lengths ranging from 150 nm to 420 nm were obtained.This type of nanolens is very useful in ultraviolet optical devices and CMOS image sensors.

Rapid fabrication of mini droplet lens array with tunable focal length

A rapid and cost-effective method for fabricating mini lens arrays is proposed. The lenses are made of silicone oil droplets and filled inside a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) elastomer. The lens arrays of different initial focal lengths and apertures can be fabricated by using the droplets of different volumes. Due to good elastic behavior of PDMS, the droplet lenses can be flexibly deformed, and the focal length and numerical aperture can be tuned by applying an external force on the PDMS elastomer. Furthermore, an apparatus for focal length tuning is designed and employed in the imaging system.

Theoretical analysis of lens array for uniform irradiation on target in multimode fiber lasers

We propose and demonstrate a scheme to smooth and shape the on-target patterns in multimode fiber lasers, which includes expanding-collimating system and lens array （LA）. A smooth pattern with flat-top and sharp-edge profiles can be obtained with the irradiation nonuniformity decreasing significantly. We analyze the effects of the parameters such as defocus distance, the tilt angles, the number of the incident fiber lasers, and the diffraction-weakened LA on the uniformity irradiation of target by numerical simulations.

Liquid crystal Fresnel lens display

A novel see-through display with a liquid crystal lens array was proposed.A liquid crystal Fresnel lens display（LCFLD） with a holographic screen was demonstrated.The proposed display system has high efficiency,simple fabrication,and low manufacturing cost due to the absence of a polarizer and color filter.

Integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with large viewing angle

Light field 3D display technology is considered a revolutionary technology to address the critical visual fatigue issues in the existing 3D displays.Tabletop light field 3D display provides a brand-new display form that satisfies multi-user shared viewing and collaborative works,and it is poised to become a potential alternative to the traditional wall and portable display forms.However,a large radial viewing angle and correct radial perspective and parallax are still out of reach for most current tabletop light field 3D displays due to the limited amount of spatial information.To address the viewing angle and perspective issues,a novel integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with a simple flat-panel structure is proposed and developed by applying a compound lens array,two spliced 8K liquid crystal display panels,and a light shaping diffuser screen.The compound lens array is designed to be composed of multiple three-piece compound lens units by employing a reverse design scheme,which greatly extends the radial viewing angle in the case of a limited amount of spatial information and balances other important 3D display parameters.The proposed display has a radial viewing angle of 68.7°in a large display size of 43.5 inches,which is larger than the conventional tabletop light field 3D displays.The radial perspective and parallax are correct,and high-resolution 3D images can be reproduced in large radial viewing positions.We envision that this proposed display opens up possibility for redefining the display forms of consumer electronics.

Electrical Responses and Stable Behavior of Polyaniline-polyurethane Concave Lens Array Film in Electrolyte

We present a synthetic methodology of polyaniline-polyurethane（PANI-PU） copolymer using interfacial in situ polymerization. PANI-PU copolymer was obtained through in situ polymerization of aniline precursor and the concave lens array film was molded by water drops. The fabrication of unique structured film was obtained through a solvent evaporation self-formed system. The detailed nanostructures of the film were illustrated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） images, which showed homogeneous structure in a close-packed hexagonal arrangement. The di- mension of well-structured hexagon ranged from 10.8 ~tm to 12.9 lxm. Sensitive electrical responses of the concave lens array film resulted in the changes of swelling/shrinkage ratio in electrolyte under various conditions. Dimen- sional control of the film was achieved via adjusting a series of parameters including time, voltage, concentration and type of electrolyte. The electrical responses resulted rearranged molecular chain caused by redox reaction via powered PANI. Most importantly, the film maintained its response characteristics after 16 cycles. The high stability of film could be directly attributed to PU doping, which could help the PANI enhancing the mechanical strength and chemical solubility in solution.

Influence of Parameters in the Design of a Faceted Structure for Incoherent Beam Shaping

A reflective faceted structure is proposed to reshaping an incoherent light beam into two focalized spots-To obtain the desired irradiance distribution on a detector,custom optimization function is written,and the two dimensional tilt angles of each facet are optimized automatically in a pure non-sequential mode in Zemax OpticStudio 16.The result is also confirmed inside LightTools&2 from Synopsys.For measuring the quality of the optimization result in the case of two spots focalization,four factors including efficiency on the detector,uniformity,the root mean square error and the correlation coefficient are calculated.These four factors are used to evaluate the influence of several parameters on the irradiance distribution.These parameters include the incidence angle,the divergence angle,the facet size,the source type and the resolution of the facet angular positions.Finally,an analysis of those parameters is made and the performance of this type of component is demonstrated.

360° light field 3D display system based on a triplet lenses array and holographic functional screen

A 360° light field 3D display system is presented, which consists of a liquid crystal display, a novel triplet lenses array, and a holographic functional screen （HFS）. The mapping relationship among pixels, 3D objects, and view- ing positions are investigated. The aberration analysis of the single lens is carried out both in the simulation and the experiment, which shows that it cannot provide an excellent 3D image to the viewers. In order to suppress the aberrations, ＂the primary aberration theory＂ and ＂the damped least-squares method＂ are used for optical analysis and lens design. A 3D image with aberration correction can be viewed around the proposed display system.

Arrayed Lensed Fibers Collectively Fabricated Utilizing UV-Curable Fluorinated Polymer

A novel fabrication method for lensed fiber array has been proposed utilizing UV-curable fluorinated polymer, whose refractive index is matched to fused silica. The structure is composed of three segments; single mode fiber, coreless silica fiber and UV-curable polymer lens-tip. Flexible control of the curvature of lens-tip was realized by control of deposited volume of the liquid polymer and free-space interconnection performances are characterized.