Complete mitochondrial genome of the laced fritillary Argyreus hyperbius(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)

We investigated the complete mitochondrial genome（mitogenome） of Argyreus hyperbius.The 151 56 bp long genome harbored the gene content（13 protein coding genes,22 tRNA genes,2 rRNA genes and an A＋T-rich region） and the gene arrangement was identical to all known lepidopteran mitogenomes.Mitogenome sequence nucleotide organization and codon usage analyses showed that the genome had a strong A＋T bias,accounting for A＋T content of 80.8%,with a small negative AT skew（？0.019）.Eleven intergenic spacers totaling 96 bp,and 14 overlapping regions totaling 34 bp were scattered throughout the whole genome.As has been observed in other lepidopteran species,12 of the 13 protein-coding genes（PCGs） were initiated by ATN codons,while the COI gene was tentatively designated by the CGA codon.A total of 11 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA,while the COI and COII genes ended at a single T residue.All of the 22 tRNA genes showed typical clover structures except that the tRNASer（AGN） lacks the dihydrouridine（DHU） stem which is replaced by a simple loop.The intergenic spacer sequence between the tRNASer（AGN） and ND1 also contained the ATACTAA motif,which is conserved in all other lepidopterans as well.Additionally,the 349 bp A＋T-rich region was not comprised of large tandem repetitive sequences,but harbored a few structures common to other lepidopteran insects,such as the motif ATAGA followed by a 20 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like（AT）9 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,and a 5 bp poly-A site present immediately upstream of tRNAMet.The mitochondrial genomic sequence features found in this study not only contribute to genetic diversity information of the group,but also are useful in future studies of the endangered nymphalid butterfly in population genetic dynamics,species conservation,phylogeography and evolution.

Complete mitogenome of the Lesser Purple Emperor Apatura ilia(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae:Apaturinae) and comparison with other nymphalid butterflies

The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia （GenBank accession no. JF437925） was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN, except for the COI＇s using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the A. ilia mitogenome with ten other Nymphalidae species showed nearly identical gene orientation and arrangement, with only a few alterations in non-coding fragments. The nucleotide composition and codon frequency all fell into the range estimated for the order Lepidoptera. The A. ilia mitochondrial genome had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with an unique exception of tRNAs^r （AGN）. The mitochondrial genes from A. ilia were overlapped in a total of 33 bp at 9 locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 155 bp intergenic spacers, spread over 12 regions with the size ranging from 1 to 49 bp. Furthermore, the spacer between ND6 and Cyt b harbored a microsatellite-like repeat （TA）23 not found in other completely sequenced nymphalid genomes. The 403 bp AT-rich region harbored two conserved motifs （ATAGA, ATTTA）, a 21 bp polyT stretch, a 10 bp poly-A region, along with two microsatellite-like repeats （ （TA）10 and （TA）7）, as detected in other nymphalid butterflies.

A Study on the Genus Nymphicula Snellen, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Nymphulinae) from China, with Description of One New Species

This paper reports seven species of the genus Nymphicula Snellen from China. Nymphicula concaviuscula, sp. nov. is described as new to science. Nymphicula saigusai Yoshiyasu is reported for the first time from China. The genitalia of the new species are illustrated. A key to the Chinese species of Nymphicula is provided.

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Gypsochares Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae: Pterophorinae) from China

Two new species, Gypsochares bicruris sp. nov. and Gypsochares longispinus sp. nov., are described in this paper. The male genital structures of the new species are figured. A checklist of the described species in the world and a key to the Chinese species are given. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

Discovery of the Male Adult of Celaenorrhinus kiku Hering, 1918 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Ninety years after Celaenorrhinus kiku was reported as new to science, the male of this species was discovered and described for the first time in the present paper. Both external and genitalic characters proved it to be a good species.

A New Record Genus and Species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) from China

Based on 61 specimens reared from leaf-mining larvae on Carmona microphylla in Guangdong, Dialectica geometra （Meyrick, 1916）, which represents the genus Dialectica Walsingham newly recorded from China, is described and illustrated, and its DNA barcode was cloned and registered. The specimens are deposited in Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha and Zhuhai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhuhai, China （ZHCIQ）.

Title>A Review of the Genus uscoptilia Arenberger(Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)

The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng) and Fuscoptilia jarosi Arenberger are described for the first time in science. The adults are photographed, and the male and female genital structures are figured. A key to the described species in the world is given.

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Eucoenogenes(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae:Olethreutinae) from China

This paper deals with six species of the genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick from China. Two species, Eucoenogenes elongata, sp. nov. and Eucoenogenes wuyiensis, sp. nov., are described as new to science. E. cyanopsis (Meyrick) is reported for the first time in China. The adult photographs and the genital structure of the new species are provided. A key to all the known Chinese species is given.

Checklist of the Skipper Genus Pelopidas (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae) from China with Description of a New Species

The skipper genus Pelopidas contains 11 species worldwide. 7 species are recorded in China. Pelopidas grisemarginata from Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province,China is described and illustrated as a new species.

First record of the genus Zamarada Moore,1887(Lepidoptera:Geometridae:Ennominae) with one newly recorded species in China

A newly recorded genus Zamarada Moore, 1887 of Geometridae and a newly recorded species Z. excisa Hampson, 1891 from China are reported. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are given.

New Species of Meleonoma Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) from China

Three new species of the genus Meleonoma are described in this paper: Meleonoma polychaeta sp. nov., Meleonoma foliata sp. nov. and Meleonoma echinata sp. nov. The photographs of the adults and the genital structures are provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.

Taxonomic Study on the Genus Antich-lidas (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae:Olethreutinae),with Description of a New Species

This paper deals with two species of the genus Antichlidas Meyrick. Antichlidas trigonia sp. nov. is described as new to science. The adult photograph and the genital structures of the new species are provided. A key to the described species is given.

Last-instar Larval Descriptions of Three Species of Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Korea

The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.

New Tineid Genus and Species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from China

A new genus Unilepidotricha gen. nov. is proposed based on the type species U. gracilicurva sp. nov. collected from Yunnan, China. The photographs of the adult and the genitalia as well as the drawings of the wing venation are provided.

THE FIRST RECORD OF LUQUETIA LERAUT (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHO RIDAE) IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIP TION OF ONE NEW SPECIES

The present paper reports the genus Luquetia Leraut for the first time from China, with Luquetia largimacularis, sp. nov. described as new to science. Another species Luquetia lobella (Denis & Schiffermller) is newly recorded from this country. The genital structures are illustrated.

Larval Descriptions of Three Species of Epipaschiinae(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from China

The last-instar larval external morphologies of Orthaga achatina Butler, Macalla sp. and Locastra muscosalis （Walker） of Epipaschiinae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Collection of College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, China. Biological information such as living habit also is included.

Last-instar Larval Descriptions of Three Species of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea

The last-instar larval external morphologies of Illiberis tenuis (Butler), Chalcosia remota (Walker) and Pryeria sinica Moore of Zygaenidae are described and illustrated. All the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.

DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF TRIBE GRAPHOLITINI (LEPIDOPTERA:TORTRICIDAE)

The present paper describes 5 new species of Tribe Grapholitini, viz. Grapholita curviphalla Liu et Yan, sp. nov., G. dactyla Liu et Yan, sp. nov., G. globovalva Liu et Yan, sp. nov., G. globella Liu et Yan, sp. nov. and Cydia curvivalva Liu et Yan, sp. nov.. All the types specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

One new species of the genus Eudonia Billberg(Lepidoptera:Crambidae:Scopariinae) from China

Eudonia abrupta sp. nov. is described from Jiangxi, China. Photographs of the adult and the genitalia are provided.

A Taxonomic Study on the GenusMutuuraia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China

Two species of the genus Mutuuraia Munroe from China are reported in this paper. Among them, M. flavimacularis sp. nov., is described as new to science with male genital structure illustrated.