内蒙野丁香(Leptodermis ordosica H.C.Fuet E.W.Ma)的形态解剖学研究

内蒙野丁香(Leptodermis ordosica H.C.Fu et E.W.Ma)的各器官内薄壁细胞均含草酸钙针晶,是对其生长地土壤高含钙量的有效适应;叶表皮细胞的胞质粘稠,则增加了其保水能力;此外,茎中发达的木栓层是良好的隔热材料,可以抵挡高温对它的伤害。结果表明内蒙野丁香具明显的旱化结构特征,是对荒漠区山地干旱环境条件的协同适应。鉴于此种的观赏园艺特性,可以尝试在内蒙古中西部地区的城市绿化中加以利用。

Three new triterpenoids from Rubia schumanniana

Three new triterpenoids,3β-hydroxy-urs-30-p-Z-hydroxycinnamoyl-12-en-28-oic-acid(1),3β-hydroxy-olean-30-p-E-hydroxycinnamoyl-12-en-28-oic-acid(2)and 3β,6α-dihydroxy-urs-14-en-12-one(3),together with seven known triterpenoids,were isolated from the roots of Rubia schumanniana.Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis.All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity,and compounds 2-6 showed cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 10.75~18.87μg/mL.

Predicting the Potential Distribution of Rubia cordifolia L.in China

[Objectives]We intend to conduct a study to predict habitat suitability and geographic distribution of Rubia cordifolia L.,to find the most suitable ecological environment for its growth,and to provide a theoretical basis for the development and cultivation of R.cordifolia L.industry.[Methods]Based on the environmental factors and the occurrence data,we predicted the potential geographic distribution of R.cordifolia L.in China by combining the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.[Results]The training set and test set AUC were respectively 0.963 and 0.946,indicating that the MaxEnt model predicted well.The wettest monthly precipitation,precipitation in July,precipitation of driest season,and average monthly temperature in September and April were the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of R.cordifolia L.The highly habitable areas were mainly concentrated in central,eastern and northern China.[Conclusions]The results of this study can be used as a reference for the development of R.cordifolia L.industry in related areas.

Coagulant compounds in Rubia cordifolia L.

Rubia cordifolia L.belongs to Rubiaceae family.Its medicinal parts are mainly root and rhizome,which is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020),has the effect of cooling blood and stopping bleeding,removing stasis and channeling menstruation.However,studies on the hemostatic effect of R.cordifolia mainly focus on extracts,and the hemostatic components are less studied.Therefore,chemical constituents and coagulant activity of R.cordifolia were investigated in this paper.Eleven compounds were isolated and identified from R.cordifolia,including 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone(1),1,4-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone(2),palmitic acid(3),tricosanoic acid(4),ω-hydroxypachybasin(5),ursolic acid(6),oleanolic acid(7),rubilactone(8),β-sitosterol(9),cordifoliol(10),1,3-dihydroxy-2-ethoxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone(11).ω-Hydroxypachybasin was isolated from Rubia genus for the first time.1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone,rubilactone and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-ethoxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone could remarkably shorten the plasma calcium coating time in vitro,thus indicating that they had procoagulant activity.

茜草炭的质量标准提升研究

目的 在现行中国药典中茜草炭标准的基础上增加薄层鉴别和含量测定。方法 该研究于2022年6—8月以10批茜草和相应的茜草炭为研究对象,鉴别研究采用薄层色谱法,含量测定采用液相色谱法。结果 茜草炭薄层色谱中,在与异茜草素对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点,可明显区分茜草和茜草炭;含量测定以异茜草素为指标,在8.2~820.0mg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系(r=0.999 9),精密度、稳定性和重复性良好(RSD分别为0.6%、1.8%和2.4%),平均加样回收率99.1%。结论 建立的薄层鉴别和含量测定方法简便可行,可为茜草炭的生产及质量控制提供依据。

茜草种子质量检验方法与分级标准研究

参照《中国农作物种子检验规程》,对茜草种子的质量检验方法进行研究,以期为制定科学合理的茜草种子分级标准提供依据。种子质量测定采用百粒法,千粒重为11.6139 g;茜草种子浸种时间设为11 h;种子水分测定采用种子粉碎高温(130±2)℃处理;种子萌发时发芽床选用沙子;冷冻处理作为茜草种子的前处理,在20℃下,24 h全黑暗作为茜草种子发芽时的光照条件;采用TTC浓度0.3%,染色时间12 h,染色温度35℃,可较好测定种子的生活力,快速检测茜草种子发芽潜力。

茜草根茎中蒽醌的提取工艺研究

以乙醇为溶剂,采用超声波辅助法提取茜草根茎中的蒽醌类化合物。通过超声时间、溶剂用量和溶剂浓度等单因素试验探寻蒽醌的提取条件,并利用三因素三水平的Box-Behnken响应面分析法试验设计优化提取工艺,得到最佳提取条件为超声时间31.29 min、溶剂用量13.47 mL、溶剂浓度81.15%,茜草根茎中蒽醌提取率的理论预测值为7.64%。验证试验结果表明,此条件下茜草根茎中蒽醌提取率为7.62%,与理论预测值较为接近。因此,响应面分析法可得到最优的提取工艺。最后通过紫外和红外光谱法对其结构进行了表征。

基于piggyBac转座子系统的西方蜜蜂Rubia基因转移研究

为探讨piggy Bac载体在西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)中的基因转移功能,并检测其可行性,研究以西方蜜蜂为实验材料,利用piggy Bac转座子系统将外源性Rubia红色荧光蛋白基因转移至西方蜜蜂受精卵中,分析检测外源基因的整合与荧光表达情况。PCR扩增和测序分析结果显示piggy Bac转座子能够将外源性Rubia红色荧光蛋白基因整合到蜜蜂基因组上,且在显微注射组中检测到微弱的红色荧光蛋白表达。本研究证实piggy Bac转座子系统可将外源性基因植入蜜蜂基因组。为今后的蜜蜂转基因基础研究和分子育种技术开发提供支撑。

Efficacy of Qiancao(Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Haipiaoxiao(Endoconcha Sepiellae), a traditional Chinese herb pair, on abnormal uterine bleeding in rats with incomplete abortion

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the most effective weight ratio of Qiancao(Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Haipiaoxiao(Endoconcha Sepiellae) used to produce decoction for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) in rats with incomplete abortion, and to study the possible mechanism. METHODS: The models of AUB were established by incomplete drug abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in pregnant rats. The therapeutic effects of decoctions made by eight different weight ratios of Qiancao(Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Haipiaoxiao(Endoconcha Sepiellae) were observed. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that the most effective weight ratio of Qiancao(Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Haipiaoxiao(Endoconcha Sepiellae) to treat AUB in this study was 2∶1. CONCLUSION: The insights gained from this study would improve understanding of the mechanisms involved in the effect of Qiancao(Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Haipiaoxiao(Endoconcha Sepiellae) on AUB.

国家药品抽检茜草饮片质量问题分析

通过国家药品抽检,分析茜草饮片的总体质量和存在的主要问题,为药品监管提供技术支持。从全国不同环节抽取茜草样品,依据现行法定标准进行检验,并进行探索性研究。共抽检173批茜草样品,按现行质量标准检验,不合格11批,不合格项目为性状,显微鉴别、总灰分和浸出物;经探索性研究发现,掺混品主要为大茜草Rubiamagna P.G.Xiao和大叶茜草Rubia schumanniana Pritz.。茜草样品的总体质量状况为“一般”,存在的问题主要为掺伪和非药用部位超标。

茜草炭配方颗粒UPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立茜草炭配方颗粒的超高效液相(UPLC)指纹图谱,为茜草炭配方颗粒的质量控制提供科学依据。方法:采用UPLC法,ACQUITY UPLC BEH 300 C 18(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7μm)为色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为260 nm。结果:建立了茜草炭配方颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱,确定了7个共有峰,并指认其中1个化学成分,为异茜草素,其相似度结果均在0.9以上。结论:所建立的茜草炭配方颗粒指纹图谱精密度高、稳定性好,可为茜草炭配方颗粒的化学成分研究及质量控制提供参考。

PLA/莫代尔混纺织物茜草色素染色及防护性表现研究

文章通过浸染染色实验,研究了65%PLA/35%莫代尔混纺织物茜草色素染色工艺,确定了最佳染色工艺条件,研究了染色后织物的防紫外性、抗菌性。结果表明,温度100℃,时间30 min、pH值为6时,颜色鲜艳且得色深度K/S值较高,茜草染色后可赋予织物优异的防紫外性,并能使织物保持较高抗菌性。

“Eastern”Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)and“Western”Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.):Across the Regions

Qian Cao(Radix et Rhizoma Rubiae)is a perennial grass with red and yellow pigments in its roots.It has been used since ancient times for fabric dyeing and painting,and it’s the oldest red dye in both Europe and China.Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)spread from the East to the West,while Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.)spread from the West to the East.Both were integral in the development of Chinese and Western color cultures.Nowadays,although it is no longer commonly used in dyes and paints,Qian Cao is still used in clinical medicine as a medicinal herb.

茜草蒽醌提取物纯化及抗氧化与抗运动疲劳作用研究

采用大孔树脂纯化茜草蒽醌提取物,并分别通过体内、外实验评价不同样品的抗氧化与抗运动疲劳活性。采取静态吸附与洗脱试验确定最佳树脂型号后,通过动态吸附-洗脱试验确定蒽醌提取物的最佳纯化条件,并考察不同样品对羟基自由基(OH·)与超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)^(-)·)的清除率和运动耐力评价指标的影响。结果显示,采用HPD-300大孔树脂的最佳纯化条件:上样浓度为6.0 mg/mL、上样液pH为5.0、上样流速2.0 mL/min、上样液体积60 mL、洗脱液乙醇体积分数75%、洗脱流速1.5 mL/min、洗脱液体积160 mL,所得产物的蒽醌纯度由26.8%增大至67.2%。相同浓度的茜草蒽醌纯化产物较提取物对OH·和O_(2)^(-)·的清除率明显提高,IC_(50)值分别减小1.5和1.7倍。茜草蒽醌纯化产物可明显延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,降低运动后体内CK活力与MDA浓度,且有利于增强GSH-Px活力,具有较好的抗氧化和抗运动疲劳活性,从而可为相关食品的开发提供基础。

茜草叶绿体全基因组序列及其系统发育分析

以茜草科(Rubiaceae)植物茜草(Rubia cordifolia L.)为研究对象,采用Illumination高通量测序技术对其叶绿体全基因组进行测序,并运用MAGA11等生信学工具进行全基因组解析及系统发育分析。结果表明,(1)茜草叶绿体基因组呈典型的四分环状结构,总GC含量37.2%,长153959 bp,其中包含大单拷贝(LSC)区83844 bp、小单拷贝(SSC)区17083 bp和2个反向重复(IR)区26516 bp;共注释得到124个基因,包括79个蛋白质编码基因、37个tRNA和8个rRNA。(2)序列共鉴定到169个SSR位点,以A、T组成为主,包括129个单核苷酸、18个双核苷酸、11个三核苷酸、9个四核苷酸和2个五核苷酸,六核苷酸SSR未检测到;边界分析显示,茜草叶绿体基因组LSC区差异性最大,变异程度最高,而IRa区则差异性最小,最为保守。(3)最大似然法(ML)构建系统发育树显示,样品茜草与同属植物Rubia horrida以100%支持率聚为一类,茜草亚科、仙丹花亚科与金鸡纳亚科聚为姐妹类群,证明茜草科植物在进化过程中保守发育。

Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis by Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Uganda

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health challenge and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. TB is preventable and curable. However, treatment of tuberculosis has continued to be difficult as a result of rapid increase of multidrug and extensively drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Medicinal plants have for centuries been traditionally used in treatment of tuberculosis and similar ailments. They possess antimicrobial properties which render them a new hope as a source of novel bioactive leads in the development of antimycobacterial agents. In this study, 2 plant species commonly used traditionally in Uganda for treatment of tuberculosis, Zanthoxylum leprieurii and Rubia cordifolia were screened for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains;pan sensitive MTB H37Rv, Rifampicin resistant TMC 331 strain and two wild strains (one rifampicin resistant and another one rifampicin susceptible). Antimycobacterial activity of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic plant extracts was determined using Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA). Both plant extracts exhibited significant in vitro antimycobacterial activity against all strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of methanolic crude extracts of both plants ranged from 23.4 μg/mL to 187.5 μg/mL. Comparatively, methanol extracts of both plants possessed superior antimycobacterial activity against all Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Our findings indicated that both plants exhibited activity against susceptible and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While antimycobacterial activity of Z. leprieurii confirms results from previous studies, activity of the extracts of R. cordifolia is reported for the first time in East Africa. Further studies aimed at determining the effects of combination of these plant extracts and standard anti-TB drugs should be carried out.

以标准汤剂为基准的小红参配方颗粒量值传递研究

目的以标准汤剂中出膏率、小红参萘酚苷A含量和特征图谱为基准,研究配方颗粒的量值传递规律。方法制备小红参标准汤剂样品,建立小红参萘酚苷A含量及特征图谱测定方法,以其为基准进行药材-饮片-标准汤剂-配方颗粒量值传递研究。结果15批标准汤剂结果表明,出膏率范围为15.3%~28.4%;小红参萘酚苷A的含量范围为15.83~29.39 mg·g^(-1),转移率范围为21.79%~40.47%;共标定6个特征峰,指认峰1小红参萘酚苷A、峰4小红参醌苷乙2个特征峰。收集不同来源15批次小红参药材、饮片及3批中试配方颗粒,并测定小红参萘酚苷A含量及特征图谱,小红参药材中小红参萘酚苷A含量范围为14.32~19.79 mg·g^(-1);小红参饮片中小红参萘酚苷A含量范围为12.71~18.81 mg·g^(-1);小红参配方颗粒中小红参萘酚苷A含量范围为18.71~19.80 mg·g^(-1);其饮片-药材转移率范围为64.41%~119.62%;标准汤剂-饮片转移率范围为21.79%~40.47%;饮片-配方颗粒转移率为26.10%~28.73%。特征图谱结果中小红参药材、饮片、配方颗粒均检测出6个特征峰,且相对保留时间均在规定范围内。结论以小红参标准汤剂为基准,其药材-饮片-标准汤剂-配方颗粒中小红参萘酚苷A,6个特征峰的传递规律稳定,均在标准汤剂范围内,说明小红参配方颗粒制备工艺及质量稳定,与标准汤剂等效。

川滇野丁香化学成分研究

目的:了解川滇野丁香Leptodermis pilosa全株的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、MCI、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱对川滇野丁香全株的化学成分进行分离纯化,依据理化性质和现代波谱分析技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从川滇野丁香全株75%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸(1)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(2)、阿江榄仁素(3)、东莨菪内酯(4)、咖啡酸甲酯(5)、丁香酸(6)、水杨酸(7)、胡萝卜苷(8)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物2~7为首次从野丁香属植物中分离得到。

茜草饮片炒炭前后止血机制的比较

目的:探讨茜草及茜草炭止血作用机制。方法:比较茜草和茜草炭对小鼠凝血时间、出血时间、血小板计数、毛细血管通透性、肝素和华发林所致病理性出血模型以及大鼠凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的影响。结果:茜草和茜草炭均能抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性,均能明显缩短大鼠TT、PT、APTT,但茜草炭作用强于茜草。茜草大小剂量和茜草炭饮片大剂量能提高小鼠血小板计数,明显对抗肝素及华发林的出血作用,茜草作用强于茜草炭。结论:茜草主要通过提高血小板计数,对抗肝素及华发林的出血来发挥止血作用;茜草炭主要通过抑制毛细血管通透性,缩短TT、PT、APTT来发挥止血作用;茜草和茜草炭的止血作用机制不同。

中国茜草与欧茜草的X射线粉末衍射分析

对植物中国茜草（ＲｕｂｉａｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｌｉａＬ．）和欧茜草（Ｒ．ｔｉｎｃｔｏｒｕｍ）首次采用Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析方法进行了鉴定研究，获得令人满意的结果。该法快速、准确、重现性好。