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Delivering forestry courses online:experiences,lessons learned,and future of forestry online education in the Asia Pacifi c
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作者 Anil Shrestha Jodi Crawford +4 位作者 Hailan Chen Shiyi Zhang Na Zhong Michelle Zeng Guangyu Wang 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第4期1175-1194,共20页
Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.Howev... Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-centered pedagogical development for online learning and provides insight into the ways forward for online higher forestry education,while repurposing existing OER courses in a post-Covid-19 era. 展开更多
关键词 Sustainable Forest Management Online forestry education Pedagogy innovation Covid-19 lessons learned Asia Pacifi c
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Lessons learned from hydrothermal to hot dry rock exploration and production
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作者 Shu Jiang Kai Zhang +1 位作者 Joseph Moore John McLennan 《Energy Geoscience》 2023年第4期59-70,共12页
In this paper,we investigate geothermal exploration and production in 189 hydrothermal projects and 42 hot dry rock projects around the world.The hydrothermal fields for a working hydrothermal system to generate elect... In this paper,we investigate geothermal exploration and production in 189 hydrothermal projects and 42 hot dry rock projects around the world.The hydrothermal fields for a working hydrothermal system to generate electricity should have the elements of heat source,water-saturated porous or fractured reservoir,caprock,heat transfer pathway,and good heat preservation condition and geothermal power energy intensity of 10-20 MW per km^(2)within at least 5 km^(2)area in tectonically active region.The hot water or steam flow rate in this hydrothermal system is normally larger than 40 L/s with temperature of 150℃or above.The power generated from enhanced geothermal system(EGS)in hot dry rock projects are generally less than 2 MW because the flow rate in most cases is much less than 40 L/s even with the hydraulic fractures using the modern stimulation technology learned from the oil and gas industry.The natural fracture in the subsurface is generally beneficial to the hydraulic fracturing and heat recovery in the hot dry rock.Moreover,the hydraulic fracture parameters,injection rate and well spacing,drilling strategy should be properly designed to avoid the short-circuit between injector and producer and low heat productivity.In the future,CO^(2)enhanced geothermal recovery associated with CO^(2)sequestration in the high temperature oil,gas,and geothermal fields maybe a good choice.On the other hand,both nearreal-time seismic monitoring to limit the pumping rate and the closed-loop of the Eavor-Loop style system without hydraulic fracture can contribute greatly to heat recovery of hot dry rocks and mitigate the risks of the hydraulic fracturing induced earthquake.Furthermore,the hybrid solar and geothermal system performs better than the stand-alone geothermal system. 展开更多
关键词 Geothermal lessons Hydrothermal system Hot dry rock Hydraulic fracturing Enhanced geothermal recovery CLOSED-LOOP
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互动 高效 创生——Unit 3 I like jiaozi best Lesson 9教学设计
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作者 王嘉慧 《中国信息技术教育》 2024年第4期15-17,共3页
创新整合点。本课借助信息技术教学有效地化抽象为具体,把难以理解的内容或者对理解知识起重要作用的内容,用多媒体展现出来,调动学生视觉功能,通过直观形象、生动的感官刺激,让学生最大限度地发挥潜能,在有限的时间里,全方位感知更多... 创新整合点。本课借助信息技术教学有效地化抽象为具体,把难以理解的内容或者对理解知识起重要作用的内容,用多媒体展现出来,调动学生视觉功能,通过直观形象、生动的感官刺激,让学生最大限度地发挥潜能,在有限的时间里,全方位感知更多的信息,提高教学效率,激活学习的内因。 展开更多
关键词 理解知识 视觉功能 化抽象为具体 感官刺激 信息技术教学 教学设计 LESSON 发挥潜能
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“以读促写”在高中英语阅读教学实践探索
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作者 房志城 《中学生英语》 2024年第16期55-56,共2页
本文以北师大版高中英语必修第一册教材Unit1 Life Choices,Lesson 3 Your Life Is What You Make It“Readand Explore”(以下简称“北师大高中英语教材Unit1-Lesson3‘R&E'”)板块语篇文本为例,论述说明了在学科核心素养视域... 本文以北师大版高中英语必修第一册教材Unit1 Life Choices,Lesson 3 Your Life Is What You Make It“Readand Explore”(以下简称“北师大高中英语教材Unit1-Lesson3‘R&E'”)板块语篇文本为例,论述说明了在学科核心素养视域下,将“以读促写”读写结合理念融入于高中英语语篇阅读教学实践之中的策略方法。主要体现在,读中提炼写作话题、读中积累写作素材、读中梳理写作框架三个方面上。意在通过对“以读促写”读写结合理念的深入开发与合理实践,切实改善当前高中英语教学中的阅读与写作独立、分化问题,为高中生英语学科核心素养的稳定发展助力。 展开更多
关键词 以读促写 读写结合 学科核心素养 高中英语 实践探索 WHAT LESSON 策略方法
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Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data
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作者 Gerasimos Vlassopoulos George Albert Karikas +4 位作者 Efstathia Papageorgiou Ioannis Psaromiligkos Niki Giannouli Pigi Vlassopoulou Petros Karkalousos 《Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications》 2024年第3期316-339,共24页
E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a mo... E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant. 展开更多
关键词 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Distance Learning E-Learning Students’ Opinions Education in Greece I.C.T. in Greece STUDENTS Pupils Adults Adult Students MOODLE MOOC (V.H.S.) Vocational High Schools (S.H.V.T.) Schools of Higher Vocational Training VOCATIONAL Profession Interactive lessons Courses Training Laboratory Course Secondary Education Automotive Systems Car Systems
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Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by growth factors and exosomes:lessons from mesenchymal stem cells 被引量:4
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作者 Ben Mead Stanislav Tomarev 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期228-229,共2页
Retinal ganglions cells (RGCs) are responsible for propagating electrochemical information from the eye to the brain along their axons which make up the optic nerve. The loss of RGCs is characteristic in several con... Retinal ganglions cells (RGCs) are responsible for propagating electrochemical information from the eye to the brain along their axons which make up the optic nerve. The loss of RGCs is characteristic in several conditions such as glaucoma and trau- matic optic neuropathy and leads to visual loss and blindness. While no therapy exists to directly treat RGCs, the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has shown promise in eliciting significant RGC neuroprotection. 展开更多
关键词 BMSCS Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by growth factors and exosomes lessons from mesenchymal stem cells PDGFR
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Medical mountain rescue in the Yushu Earthquake: Have lessons been learned? 被引量:7
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作者 Wu Tianyi 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2013年第2期5-16,共12页
On April 14,2010,an earthquake reaching Richter scale 7.1 struck Jiegu Town of Yushu,a mountain rescue operation promptly launched. All injurers had a direct assess to take medical care,and were immediately rescued an... On April 14,2010,an earthquake reaching Richter scale 7.1 struck Jiegu Town of Yushu,a mountain rescue operation promptly launched. All injurers had a direct assess to take medical care,and were immediately rescued and rapidly evacuated by air to Xining and Golmud at lower altitudes and admitted to advanced hospitals. Almost all of the injurers have been completely recovered. Yushu Earthquake was one of the highest earthquakes in the world,with a high incidence of acute altitude illness,which was observed in about 80 % of the lowland rescuers at an altitude of 4 000 m."Rescue the rescuers"became the major task of Qinghai-Tibetan rescue teams,all the severe patients were rapidly descended to Xining and treated promptly and effectively. The outcome was excellent,all patients survived. After the earthquake,it is a long and arduous task to reconstruct what has been destroyed. Medical teams continue to work in the Yushu Earthquake area because about 30 000 workers and carders are now here for rebuilding the earthquake center. Thus the prevention and treatment of altitude illness are still critical tasks for medical teams. Although all the fights are successful,there are more experiences and lessons we have learned from the medical mountain rescue during the earthquake and the reconstruction,and reports here are to sum up our experiences from the medical mountain rescue operation in Yushu Earthquake and draw the lessons that we should learn. With the increasing of earthquake probability occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we also should prepare against earthquake disasters and for further rescue training in the high mountains. 展开更多
关键词 Yushu Earthquake medical mountain rescue experiences lessons
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Exercise and hippocampal neurogenesis: a dogma re-examined and lessons learned 被引量:4
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作者 Patrick Z.Liu Robin Nusslock 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第8期1354-1355,共2页
Exercise is a potent force of nature with significant potential for extending longevity and boosting physical fitness. It is also be- ing increasingly used as a prophylactic and curative measure for various physical a... Exercise is a potent force of nature with significant potential for extending longevity and boosting physical fitness. It is also be- ing increasingly used as a prophylactic and curative measure for various physical ailments, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. 展开更多
关键词 a dogma re-examined and lessons learned Exercise and hippocampal neurogenesis
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Impact of host genetics on gut microbiome: Take-home lessons from human and mouse studies 被引量:5
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作者 Inbal Cahana Fuad A.Iraqi 《Animal Models and Experimental Medicine》 CSCD 2020年第3期229-236,共8页
The intestinal microbiome has emerged as an important component involved in various diseases.Therefore,the interest in understanding the factors shaping its composition is growing.The gut microbiome,often defined as a... The intestinal microbiome has emerged as an important component involved in various diseases.Therefore,the interest in understanding the factors shaping its composition is growing.The gut microbiome,often defined as a complex trait,contains diverse components and its properties are determined by a combination of external and internal effects.Although much effort has been invested so far,it is still difficult to evaluate the extent to which human genetics shape the composition of the gut microbiota.However,in mouse studies,where the environmental factors are better controlled,the effect of the genetic background was significant.The purpose of this paper is to provide a current assessment of the role of human host genetics in shaping the gut microbiome composition.Despite the inconsistency of the reported results,it can be estimated that the genetic factor affects a portion of the microbiome.However,this effect is currently lower than the initial estimates,and it is difficult to separate the genetic influence from the environmental effect.Additionally,despite the differences between the microbial composition of humans and mice,results from mouse models can strengthen our knowledge of host genetics underlying the human gut microbial variation. 展开更多
关键词 host genetic background intestinal microbiome in human and mouse microbial variations and profiles take-home lessons
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Effectiveness Study of Lead-in of New Lessons in Classroom Teaching 被引量:1
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作者 雷达 宋薇 《海外英语》 2011年第4X期40-41,共2页
English teaching is an integral part of education,which shoulders the responsibility of rendering rudimentary knowledge of English to the students,providing the students with the listening,speaking,reading and writing... English teaching is an integral part of education,which shoulders the responsibility of rendering rudimentary knowledge of English to the students,providing the students with the listening,speaking,reading and writing ability,as well as the obligation of carrying out ideological education and cultivating their noble and healthy sentiment.In teaching,the teachers should pay special attention to the students' thirst for English learning and give full play to their initiative,which demands enough lead-in preparation before class.The lead-in of new lessons bears a direct impact on the quality of the classroom teaching.This thesis will make an analysis of this problem in two aspects. 展开更多
关键词 ENGLISH TEACHING LEAD-IN of lessons CLASSROOM TEACHING
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Lessons learned from Wenchuan earthquake for seismic safety of large dams 被引量:2
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作者 Chen Houqun 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2009年第2期241-249,共9页
This paper describes some special features of the Wenchuan earthquake that affected dam safety. Damage and performance of dams, primarily for four dams over 100 m high located in the affected earthquake area, are brie... This paper describes some special features of the Wenchuan earthquake that affected dam safety. Damage and performance of dams, primarily for four dams over 100 m high located in the affected earthquake area, are briefly described. Lessons learned related to dam safety from this devastating earthquake are preliminarily drawn. As the seismic safety of high dams during strong earthquakes has gained more attention around the world, some critical issues related to dam construction in China are considered and extensively discussed. Questions such as "Why is dam construction necessary in earthquake prone countries such as China?", "Can we accurately evaluate the seismic safety of high dams in China?", "Did reservoir impounding of the Zipingpu and Three Gorges Projects trigger the Wenchuan Earthquake in some way?" and "What is the strategic priority of dam safety for large dams in China?" are discussed. Finally, the corresponding tactics with response to the challenge are suggested and recent preliminary progress mainly achieved in IWHR is briefly introduced. 展开更多
关键词 Wenchuan earthquake dam safety LESSON reservoir earthquake strategic priority
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Digital Water Developments and Lessons Learned from Automation in the Car and Aircraft Industries 被引量:1
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作者 Dragan Savic 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2022年第2期35-41,共7页
The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide.The size,complexity,and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management o... The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide.The size,complexity,and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management of these systems extremely difficult.Following the digital revolution in many areas of our lives,the water sector has begun to benefit from digital transformation.Effective utilization of remotely sensed weather and soil moisture data for more efficient irrigation(i.e.,for food production),better detection of anomalies and faults in pipe networks using artificial intelligence,the use of nature-inspired optimization to improve the management and planning of systems,and greater use of digital twins and robotics all exhibit great potential to change and improve the ways in which complex water systems are managed.However,there are additional risks associated with these developments,including—but not limited to—cybersecurity,incorrect use,and overconfidence in the capability and accuracy of digital solutions and automation.This paper identifies key advances in digital technology that have found application in the water sector,and applies forensic engineering principles to failures that have been experienced in industries further ahead with automation and digital transformation.By iden-tifying what went wrong with new digital technologies that might have contributed to high-profile acci-dents in the car and aircraft industries(e.g.,Tesla self-driving cars and the Boeing 737 MAX),it is possible to identify similar risks in the water sector,learn from them,and prevent future failures.The key findings show that:①Automation will require“humans in the loop”;②human operators must be fully aware of the technology and trained to use it;③fallback manual intervention should be available in case of tech-nology malfunctioning;④while redundant sensors may be costly,they reduce the risks due to erroneous sensor readings;⑤cybersecurity risks must be considered;and⑥ethics issues have to be considered,given the increasing automation and interconnectedness of water systems.These findings also point to major research areas related to digital transformation in the water sector. 展开更多
关键词 DIGITALIZATION AUTOMATION Water sector Potential risks lessons
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Serotonin controls axon and neuronal regeneration in the nervous system:lessons from regenerating animal models 被引量:1
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作者 daniel sobrido-cameán maría celina rodicio antón barreiro-iglesias 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期237-238,共2页
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a mechanical injury to brain tissue that leads to an impairment of function and a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities; often, it is followed by diffuse axonal injury, which ca... Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a mechanical injury to brain tissue that leads to an impairment of function and a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities; often, it is followed by diffuse axonal injury, which causes denaturation of the white matter and axon retraction, leaving patients with severe brain damage or even in a persistent vegetative state. 展开更多
关键词 AMP HT lessons from regenerating animal models Serotonin controls axon and neuronal regeneration in the nervous system TBI
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The Development of Danish Agriculture and Agribusiness: Lessons to Be Learned in a Global Perspective 被引量:1
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作者 H. O. Hansen M. Lund 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2011年第4期463-472,共10页
The agri and food industry is a major industrial sector in Denmark. Compared to other countries on a similar level of economic development Denmark has an extremely important agriculture and agribusiness sector. Danish... The agri and food industry is a major industrial sector in Denmark. Compared to other countries on a similar level of economic development Denmark has an extremely important agriculture and agribusiness sector. Danish agri and food cooperatives seem to have been successful in obtaining international competitiveness. The transformation and the structural development of the cooperative sector have more or less been completed. The development of the industrial structure among Danish agricultural cooperatives has been very rapid during the latest decades. Through mergers and acquisitions the number of firms has fallen dramatically, and the result has been increasing concentration ratios in almost all groups of the food industry. Structural development, concentration and globalization in recent decades have resulted in agri and food companies now being among the largest in Europe. To a large extent, agriculture all over the world faces similar problems and challenges. For this reason, it is essential that know-how, experiences and lessons can be transferred and adopted by agriculture in other countries around the world. In many ways, the experience and the success behind Danish agriculture and agribusiness can be transferred to other countries. However, profound studies of specific needs and conditions are necessary. 展开更多
关键词 Agribusiness agricultural cooperative Danish agriculture lessons key success factors competitiveness.
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How physical and motor training affect cognitive performance: lessons from an inflammatory molecule
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作者 Margherita Maffei Marco Mainardi 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第12期2689-2690,共2页
Our phenotype includes not only physical features,but also behavioral outputs such as motor schemes and learned skills,and is the result of a complex interaction between genetic background and environment.In fact,a go... Our phenotype includes not only physical features,but also behavioral outputs such as motor schemes and learned skills,and is the result of a complex interaction between genetic background and environment.In fact,a good fraction of last decades’biomedical efforts were dedicated to understanding how different elements(e.g.,genetic polymorphisms,lifestyle components)participate in this interplay,ultimately contributing to affect a given phenotype up to the point of steering it towards pathology.Genetic and epigenetic elements are relatively easy to analyze individually using a reductionist approach,for instance via loss-or gain-of-function studies in cellular and animal models;the effects of nutrients,drugs,pollutants can be similarly tested as single specific stimuli. 展开更多
关键词 instance DRUGS LESSON
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Lessons learned from the TIMI trials in rescue interventions for elderly patients after failed fibrinolytic therapy:look beyond the TIMI flow
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作者 Thach Nguyen 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第1期15-16,共2页
In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute reperfusion of the infarct-related artery (IRA)is the main goal in the early minutes after the patient seeks medical attention. Fibrinolytic therapy (FT) an... In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute reperfusion of the infarct-related artery (IRA)is the main goal in the early minutes after the patient seeks medical attention. Fibrinolytic therapy (FT) and/or primary coronary intervention (PCI) were proven to be effective in opening the IRA. 展开更多
关键词 TIMI lessons learned from the TIMI trials in rescue interventions for elderly patients after failed fibrinolytic therapy STEMI FLOW
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Responding to fire in an intensive care unit: Management and lessons learned
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作者 Navneet Dhaliwal Ranjitpal Singh Bhogal +1 位作者 Ashok Kumar Anil Kumar Gupta 《World Journal of Emergency Medicine》 SCIE CAS 2018年第2期154-156,共3页
Healthcare institutions are vulnerable to disruptionfrom events such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, andthe damage incurred can endanger the lives of patientsin the hospital.[1] In this type of scenario hospital st... Healthcare institutions are vulnerable to disruptionfrom events such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, andthe damage incurred can endanger the lives of patientsin the hospital.[1] In this type of scenario hospital staffhave primary responsibility for the hospitalized patients'safety, since patients are neither fit to respond to sucha disaster, nor do they know how to respond.[2,3] Thesituation becomes more difficult and challenging if thedisaster occurs in critical care areas such as intensivecare units (ICUs) and operating rooms. 展开更多
关键词 Responding to fire an intensive care unit:Management lessons learned
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Implementation of the Active TB Case Finding in Nigeria;Processes, Lessons Learnt and Recommendations
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作者 Oluremilekun Comfort Kusimo Richard Olukolade +8 位作者 Queen Ogbuji John Osho Adeyinka Onikan Abiodun Hassan Oladapo Alabi Ladipo Oladipo Owoyomi Joseph Bakare Simeon Onyemaechi Adebola Lawanson 《Journal of Tuberculosis Research》 2018年第1期10-18,共9页
Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health issue in Nigeria with the country ranking seventh among the 30 high TB burden countries. Nigeria is among the three countries that account for half of the 4.3 m... Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health issue in Nigeria with the country ranking seventh among the 30 high TB burden countries. Nigeria is among the three countries that account for half of the 4.3 million “missing” TB cases globally. One untreated TB case is able to infect about 10 - 20 people annually. Hence, it is pertinent that TB is controlled effectively through the use of active case finding strategies to find the missing TB cases. Objective: This article highlights the best practices and key lessons learnt during the implementation of the active house to house TB case finding strategy in Nigeria. Lessons Learnt and Recommendations: Strategic community engagement, massive awareness creation using mass media and local means of communication, mapping of locations where registered TB cases live, to inform home visits for contact tracing and strengthening of laboratory systems, are viable mechanisms to improve TB case finding. Conclusion: Active TB case finding interventions should be implemented in the context of a strengthened diagnostics system, strategic community engagement and media involvement. 展开更多
关键词 Active Case Finding TUBERCULOSIS lessons Learnt Community ENGAGEMENT
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Population-Based Tuberculosis Disease Prevalence Survey in Ghana: The Role and Lessons Learnt from the Laboratory
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作者 Kennedy Kwasi Addo Samuel Ofori Addo +8 位作者 Christian Bonsu Ezekiel Mensah Sarah Edusei Prosper Dedzo Michael Amo Omari Samuel Kudzawu Honesty Ganu Samuel Kumah Atiadevie Frank Adae Bonsu 《Journal of Tuberculosis Research》 2019年第2期95-108,共14页
Background: Bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) cases used in calculating TB prevalence in a country are obtained through laboratory examination of sputum specimens. Objective: This article describes laborat... Background: Bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) cases used in calculating TB prevalence in a country are obtained through laboratory examination of sputum specimens. Objective: This article describes laboratory processing of specimens, results overview, conclusions and key lessons learnt from the perspective of laboratory personnel involved in the conduct of TB disease prevalence survey in Ghana in 2013. Methods: Symptoms screening and Chest X-ray suggestive of TB were used to select participants who produced sputum to confirm TB cases using microscopy, culture and Xpert&reg;MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert). Results: A total of 15,935 single and paired sputum specimens were received from eligible participants. About half of Ziehl-Nielsen (129/263) and Auramine O (122/246) stained smear positives were scanty positive. Culture positivity rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was 266/14,994 (1.7%) and 100/15,179 (0.7%) in Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media respectively;while non-tuberculous mycobacterium was 294/14,994 (1.96%) and 167/15,179 (1.1%). Total contamination rates in MGIT (5.4%) were higher than in LJ (1.7%). Prevalence of smear positive TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB among adult population (≥15 years) was estimated at 111 (95% CI: 76 - 145) and 356 (95% CI: 288 - 425) per 100,000 population respectively. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt: Direct supervision of specimen collection by well-trained laboratory personnel, timely transportation of specimens from field to laboratory, prompt specimen processing and use of electronic data management systems are essential for a reliable TB disease prevalence survey data. More importantly, strengthening human and logistical capacity of the laboratory must be of utmost priority. 展开更多
关键词 PREVALENCE Survey TUBERCULOSIS LABORATORY lessons Learnt Ghana
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Lessons from International Financial Crisis
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作者 宿景祥 《Contemporary International Relations》 1998年第10期10-18,共9页
Since the advent of the 1990s, international financial crises broke one after an-other with ever greater frequency. They appear in a variety of forms and canbe traced to highly complicated factors. Yet measures could ... Since the advent of the 1990s, international financial crises broke one after an-other with ever greater frequency. They appear in a variety of forms and canbe traced to highly complicated factors. Yet measures could be taken to nip them inthe bud. In the west, stress has been focused on regulating the behavior of finan- 展开更多
关键词 In lessons from International Financial Crisis US OVER
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