New Measuring Method for Colorless Liquid Level Based on CLC100 Level Sensor and Powercast Wireless Sensor Kit

In this paper, a new wireless measuring method for colorless liquid level measurement was presented, based on latest CLC100 liquid level sensor and Powercast wireless sensor development kit. The wireless system is divided into two parts, level measurement and data transmission part as well as data receiving and display part. First part included the capacitive liquid level sensor CLC100 and the wireless senor board. CLC100 sensor was used for liquid level measurement. Wireless sensor kit from Powercast Corporation included one wireless sensor board, which was used for signal transmission. A built-in PIC microcontroller was embedded in the transmission module, for the purpose of processing and data transmitting. Due to CLC100 sensor’s output voltage exceeding the sensor board’s input limitation, a voltage convertor was designed to connect the sensor and the wireless sensor board. The final results were voltages corresponding to the liquid level, and were processed by an independent PIC development board, and then sent to PC’s hyper terminal via serial-port by this PIC microcontroller. Experiments showed that this wireless sensor node prototype worked well.

Ultrasensitive liquid level sensor based on slice-shaped composite long period fiber grating

In this paper,a novel liquid level sensor with ultra-high sensitivity is proposed.The proposed sensor is configured by a sliceshaped composite long period fiber grating(SSC-LPFG).The SSC-LPFG is prepared by polishing two opposite sides of a composite multimode-single-mode-multimode fiber structure using a CO;laser.The method improves the sensitivity of the sensor to external environment.Based on the simulation calculation,a liquid level sensor with a length of 3 mm is designed.The experimental transmission spectrum agrees well with the simulation result.The experimental results show that the sensitivity reaches 7080 pm/mm in the liquid level range of 0-1400 μm in water.The temperature sensitivity is24.52 pm/℃ in the range of 20℃-90℃.Due to the ultra-high sensitivity,good linearity,and compact structure,the SSC-LPFG has potential application in the field of high-Drecision liquid level measurement.

Weighted Multi-sensor Data Level Fusion Method of Vibration Signal Based on Correlation Function

As the differences of sensor＇s precision and some random factors are difficult to control,the actual measurement signals are far from the target signals that affect the reliability and precision of rotating machinery fault diagnosis.The traditional signal processing methods,such as classical inference and weighted averaging algorithm usually lack dynamic adaptability that is easy for trends to cause the faults to be misjudged or left out.To enhance the measuring veracity and precision of vibration signal in rotary machine multi-sensor vibration signal fault diagnosis,a novel data level fusion approach is presented on the basis of correlation function analysis to fast determine the weighted value of multi-sensor vibration signals.The approach doesn＇t require knowing the prior information about sensors,and the weighted value of sensors can be confirmed depending on the correlation measure of real-time data tested in the data level fusion process.It gives greater weighted value to the greater correlation measure of sensor signals,and vice versa.The approach can effectively suppress large errors and even can still fuse data in the case of sensor failures because it takes full advantage of sensor＇s own-information to determine the weighted value.Moreover,it has good performance of anti-jamming due to the correlation measures between noise and effective signals are usually small.Through the simulation of typical signal collected from multi-sensors,the comparative analysis of dynamic adaptability and fault tolerance between the proposed approach and traditional weighted averaging approach is taken.Finally,the rotor dynamics and integrated fault simulator is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed approach,it is shown that the multi-sensor data level fusion based on correlation function weighted approach is better than the traditional weighted average approach with respect to fusion precision and dynamic adaptability.Meantime,the approach is adaptable and easy to use,can be applied to other areas of vibration measurement.

量子传感(Ⅰ):基础理论与方法

作为当前三大核心量子技术之一的量子传感技术,是量子信息感知与获取的重要物理实现基础,也是发展历史最悠久、技术成熟度最高、实际应用范围最广、潜在应用最多的量子技术。文章是量子传感的第一部分,主要介绍量子传感的基础理论与方法。首先从理论上总结量子传感的定义及基本概念,指出量子传感“量子性”的由来,并从实际应用的角度,提出量子传感的技术外延以及分类依据;接着详细介绍了有关量子传感的基本实现架构,以及描述量子传感性能的核心技术指标,归纳了用于提高量子传感性能的物理原理及技术方法。

Analysis of Lifetime of Large Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiple Battery Levels

Due to the limited transmission range, data sensed by each sensor has to be forwarded in a multi-hop fashion before being delivered to the sink. The sensors closer to the sink have to forward comparatively more messages than sensors at the periphery of the network,and will deplete their batteries earlier. Besides the loss of the sensing capabilities of the nodes close to the sink, a more serious consequence of the death of the first tier of sensor nodes is the loss of connectivity between the nodes at the periphery of the network and the sink;it makes the wireless networks expire. To alleviate this undesired effect and maximize the useful lifetime of the network, we investigate the energy consumption of different tiers and the effect of multiple battery levels, and demonstrate an attractively simple scheme to redistribute the total energy budget in multiple battery levels by data traffic load. We show by theoretical analysis, as well as simulation, that this substantially improves the network lifetime.

一种基于单片机控制的水位报警装置设计

基于单片机控制的水位报警装置,安装于路桥涵洞、城市地下道等合适位置,在道路积水严重的情况下,可实现声光报警,提示行人或各类型车辆谨慎通行。基本设计思路是:首先通过水位传感器采集模拟信号经模数转换器转换后形成数字信号,输入到单片机中进行分析判断,然后根据水位高度的不同输出不同的控制信号,控制信号经过光电耦合器后,驱动对应的报警模块进行声光报警。

霍尔效应实验自主分层次教学探究

为了解决2023版《理工科类大学物理实验课程教学基本要求》中分层次教学要求与现有仪器设备不完全匹配问题,我们结合本校实际探索了一条低投入高效能的自主化分层次实验教学途径。本文以霍尔效应实验自主化分层次教学实践为例,探究了如何在现有B层次的实验仪器上,细挖深究结合动手改造,开展C层次研究性实验和D层次设计性实验。在霍尔效应副效应研究性实验中,我们评估了所有效应的阶数,并定量测量了副效应引起的附加电势差;在角度传感器设计性实验中,我们完成了基于霍尔效应的角度传感器设计,并发展了一套两参量最小二乘法误差处理方法。自主化分层次实验教学有助于因地制宜地开展实验教学改革,提升实验教学质量。

基于单片机的造纸用液位自动化控制系统研究

为切实应对以往造纸用液位控制系统依赖于自动控制机理构建控制电路所造成的液位控制精确度低与自动化程度低等问题,由嵌入式技术重焕液位控制系统活力着手,针对造纸碱回收蒸发工段黑液液位控制需求,基于52单片机和超声波传感器搭建了液位自动化控制系统。系统测试结果表明,以单片机与传感器相结合的液位控制系统精准度高、自动化程度高,且安全稳定性更高,不仅可充分适应当前追求无人化、高效化的造纸工业生产体系,还可普遍推广应用于其他工业领域。

基于离散马尔可夫模型的液位感测系统分析

阐述一种新的测量原理及测量电容结构,其利用模型计算传统式电容液位测量方法中测量介质介电常数数据,分析定期标定的原因。新系统根据液位变化、介电常数、电容量关系,实现高精度测量。

基于正弦式波纹膜片的压差式FBG静力水准仪

为解决建筑物不均匀沉降长期、可靠监测的问题,基于连通器原理,推导了膜片半径r、刚度K、光纤自由段长度l、波长变化量Δλ_(B)等参数和沉降量的线性关系式。以此设计了带有正弦式波纹膜片的压差式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)静力水准仪,并通过标定试验验证压差式FBG静力水准仪的传感性能。结果表明:此静力水准仪灵敏度不小于13.2 pm/mm,综合误差不大于3.26%,相关性系数均在0.99以上。该型静力水准仪传感性能满足工程结构沉降测量的要求,丰富了FBG静力水准仪的研究,具有理论和现实意义。

准确检测液位的光纤Bragg光栅弹性膜片传感器

为了准确测量液位,研制了一种耦合光纤布喇格光栅和弹性膜片的液位传感器。该传感器由两个光纤光栅(FBG_1和FBG_2)、弹性膜片、弹性橡胶密封垫片、空心管(导气管)和光纤光栅固定装置组成。光纤光栅固定装置材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。FBG_1和FBG_2固定在弹性膜片表面。FBG_1用于监测液位高度和温度。将FBG_2封装在不锈钢毛细管中进行温度检测,消除液相温度变化对液位测量的负面影响。为了提高传感器检测液位的线性度,实验研究了弹性膜片厚度对液位测量结果的影响,并在此基础上研究了液位变化率和外部振动对液位测量精度的影响。结果表明,当弹性膜片厚度为2 mm时,传感器检测液位的线性范围为0~380 cm,灵敏度为(19.65±6.3)pm/cm。该传感器可在0~100 cm/min液位变化速率和0~5.27 mm/s外部振动强度范围内准确监测液位,最大检测误差为7.2%。

冒充性攻击下无线传感节点信息数据安全推荐算法

冒充性攻击伪装成合法的通信实体,向无线传感网络中的传感节点发送虚假的信息或命令,降低了网络信息数据推荐的效率,影响网络安全性。为此,研究了一种冒充性攻击下的无线传感信息数据安全推荐算法,以保证通信质量。计算冒充性攻击下的无线传感网络邻居节点的信任度,从中选取信任度取值比较高的节点组建备选推荐无线传感节点集合。对备选节点推荐集合展开数据去噪、冒充性攻击检测和重构处理,同时将用户自定义标签映射为标准标签,以此建立可躲避攻击节点模型。获取可躲避攻击的无线传感节点进行组网。仿真结果表明,所提算法在冒充性攻击下,查全率高于88%、平均响应时间低于390 ms、MAE和RMAE低于1.09%和0.95%。证明所提算法无线传感节点信息数据推荐效果较好,提高了无线传感网络通信质量和通信效率,保证了传输安全性和可靠性。

基于微波原理的高精度液位传感器

本文提出并演示了一种基于微波谐振原理的带有电阻消能结构的高精度液位传感器,在0~50 mm的量程范围内,分辨率可达微米级。微波谐振原理传感器第一反射点是传感器自带的固定点,第二反射点为液面,即为可变点,两反射点之间形成谐振腔结构。当液面的高度发生变化时,第二反射点发生移动,会导致两个反射点之间的距离发生变化,因此改变谐振腔长,通过测量谐振腔长的大小即可确定液位的变化量。同时,所加入的电阻在提高量程范围的基础上,还大幅提升了频谱质量和测量精度。实验结果表明,该液位传感器在0~50 mm的量程范围内具有1μm数量级的分辨率和-1.927 2 mm/mm(谐振波长变化/液位)的灵敏度。该新型微波液位传感器具有机械鲁棒性强、易于制造、成本低和高分辨率等优点,有望应用于水利水电的量水堰监测等领域。

基于数据拟合法的三角形薄壁堰明渠流量测量不确定度优化

针对三角形薄壁堰明渠流量计非定点使用时测量准确度水平较低的问题,基于不确定度预评估结果,提出了以曲线拟合替代线性插值计算流量系数,采用了数字输出磁致伸缩水位传感器测量水头,显著降低了原方法中贡献较大的不确定度分项。基于弗劳德相似准则改进了频率采样方法,提升了测量结果的准确度水平。测量方法改进后不确定度由1.6%提高到0.56%。通过标准表法明渠流量流速标准装置对三角形薄壁堰明渠流量计进行了标定实验,实验结果表明:测量方法改进后标定误差(偏差)由2%降低到1%。

高精度城市道路积水监测网络设计及实现

以STM32为控制模块,利用高精度电容式水位传感器为感应探头及24位高精度模数转换芯片ADS1218实现城市道路积水水位的精确测量,采用无线传输模块EC20 R2.1传输各测量节点水位数据形成高精度城市道路积水监测网络.

加热式差分热电阻水位传感器动态特性仿真

由于液位变化、传热方式以及环境温度等因素,加热式差分热电阻水位传感器的动态特性不稳定,为此对其展开仿真分析。在分析传感器测量原理基础上,模拟传感器热时间常数响应下传感器输出响应,确认动态性能影响因素。仿真结果表明,测试环境温度越高,水位传感器的温度动态特性的变化越平缓,反之则曲线越陡峭;水位逐渐上升时的响应时间仅需要几秒,当水位开始下降时,响应时间较长;经所提方法优化调节传感器温度动态特性后,水位测量值最大误差仅为-0.08 cm,测量相对误差的平均值为0.03 cm,有效提高了传感器的准确性。

基于FDC2214的非接触式液位检测系统的设计

为解决有腐蚀性、易气化、易固化等特殊液体液位测量的问题,提出了一种基于FDC2214电容式传感器的非接触式液位测量系统。设计了由STM32F103主控芯片、FDC2214电容传感器等组成的非接触式液位测量硬件系统,通过对电容值变化量与温度的变化曲线进行数据分析,搭建了对应的温度补偿系统。此外,系统采用卡尔曼滤波算法对测量数据进行滤波处理,有效地提高了系统的测量精度和稳定性。实验测试结果表明:液位测量系统对10组不同的液位进行测量,液位计灵敏度为190.5 pF/m;液位测量系统可以在不改变液体容器结构的情况下完成液位测量;卡尔曼滤波算法可以有效提高液位计的测量精度和稳定性。

面向架空输电线路的防外破装置设计

针对传统防外破技术抗干扰能力弱、适配性低、报警效果差以及平板电容型传感器对称结构中存在的边缘效应问题,研制一种适用于多组态与多电压等级架空输电线路的防外破装置。首先,分析感应电压与场强关系,进行等位环结构改进并完成PCB设计制作,利用Ansys Maxwell搭建多组态与多电压等级架空输电线路仿真模型,为报警阈值设定提供理论依据;其次,完成防外破装置的硬件与软件设计,实现不同线路情况下的电压档位选择、电场信号采集处理以及声光报警等功能;最后,搭建10 kV模拟架空输电线路高压实验环境并进行现场验证,测试分析装置的工作性能。结果表明,所设计的防外破装置感应电压测量平均相对误差在3%以内,与测试电压线性相关系数R=0.9997,其变化规律符合电场分布规律;现场报警成功率为100%,装置稳定可靠、兼顾精准性与线性度要求。

雷达物位计在电厂中的选型及应用

随着生产自动化和智能化的不断深化,物位测量技术也逐渐智能化。在电厂中,物位计被视为测量存储设备中物料位置的核心设备。文章阐述了电厂内物位计的工作原理、种类及其在电厂中的实际应用。物位计可根据需要选择不同类型,并通过安装位置来实现对储料仓内物高数据的监测与控制。借助物位计技术,对存储设备中的储料物位进行准确监测,从而提高电厂的生产效率并确保其稳定和安全的运行。