A Corpus-Based Study on Grammaticalization and Lexicalization in Medical English

Medical English,as a specialized form of English,has attracted considerable attention due to its unique linguistic features.Grammaticalization and lexicalization represent critical mechanisms in the evolution of language and are essential for understanding and mastering medical English.This study,drawing on the MEDLINE corpus,investigates the characteristics of grammaticalization and lexicalization in medical English from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,aiming to unveil its underlying cognitive foundations.The findings suggest that the processes of grammaticalization and lexicalization in medical English reflect cognitive mechanisms such as categorization,inferential processing,and pragmatic strategies.These insights provide novel approaches and methodologies for the teaching of medical English.

A Comparative Study of Semantic Component and Lexicalization Pattern of English and Chinese Verb Category“Drink”

Verb category“drink”is frequently used in people’s daily life.In this essay,the author analyses the semantic component and lexicalization pattern of English and Chinese verb category“drink”,in which the author finds there are semantic universals and particulars.It is found that the lexicalization pattern of this verb category in English and Chinese should be“motion+manner(cause)+X”.

The Grammaticalization and Lexicalization of Space Deixis:A cross-linguistic analysis

Space deixis is concerned with the specification of location in space relative to that of the participants at coding time in a speech event. Cross-linguistically, it is commonly expressed by the use of (i) demonstratives including both demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives, (ii) deictic adverbs of space, (iii) deictically marked third-person pronouns, and (iv) deictic directionals including both motion affixes, morphemes and particles, and motion verbs. In this article, I shall provide a descriptive analysis of the grammaticalization and lexicalization of space deixis. Data is drawn from a wide variety of genetically unrelated and structurally distinct languages to show the diversity and richness of spatial deictic systems in the world’s languages.

International Healthcare Terminologies for Morbidity New Era: SNOMED and ICD11

The Information Technology (IT) developments have changed the use of Healthcare terminologies from paper-based mortality statistics with the WHO international classifications of diseases (ICD) to the IT-based morbidity implementations for instance for Casemix-based healthcare funding and managing systems. This higher level of granularity is worldwide spread under the umbrella of several national modifications named ICD10 XM. These developments have met the increased use of the International Clinical Reference Terminology named SNOMED. When the updating of WHO ICD10 to WHO ICD11 was decided a merging was envisaged and a WHO SNOMED CT common work proposed a methodology to create a common formal ontology between the 11th version of the WHO International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems (ICD) and the most used in the world clinical terminology named Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine - Clinical Terms (SCT). The present work follows this unachieved work and aims to develop a SNOMED-based formal ontology for ICD11 chapter 1 using the textual definitions of ICD11 codes which is a completely new character of ICD and the ontology tools provided by SCT in the publicly available SNOMED Browser. There are two key results: the lexical alignment is complete and the ontology alignment is incomplete with the validated SNOMED concept model can be completed with not yet validated attributes and values of the SNOMED Compositional Grammar. The work opens a new era for the seamless use of both international terminologies for morbidity for instance for DRG/Casemix and clinical management use. The main limitation is that it is restricted to 1 out of 26 chapters of ICD11.

Lexical Characteristics and Translation Strategies of Rubber and Plastic Industry Terms

As a key part of the manufacturing industry,the rubber and plastic industry is widely used in a variety of fields such as automotive manufacturing,construction materials,and electronics.With technological innovation,global economic growth and infrastructure construction driving the demand for rubber and plastic materials,rubber and plastic materials play an important role in various fields,and accurate translation of the industry’s terminology is also crucial for international communication.The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth the lexical features of rubber and plastic industry terminology,including strong specialization,specialization of common vocabulary,and diversity of word formation.In view of these lexical features,relevant Chinese translation strategies are discussed to ensure the accuracy,specialization and comprehensibility of the translation of rubber and plastic industry terms.

Exploration of the Impact of Language Proficiency on Vocabulary Association Patterns in English Language Education

This paper explores the lexical association patterns of English as a second language and their relationship with language proficiency.Through the vocabulary association test,the study analyzes the differences in vocabulary association between learners with different language levels.The participants were 100 non-native English-speaking un-dergraduate students from a top 200 university,such as the University of Nottingham,and a university outside the top 200,such as the University of Aberdeen;the two groups of learners differed in their vocabulary size and learning style.It was found that the two groups of learners differed significantly in vocabulary size,language background,and learning experience.In addition,the study raises three core questions:first,learners’lexical association patterns,second,dif-ferences in association among learners with different language proficiency levels,and third,other variables that affect vocabulary association ability.The limitations of the study are that reaction time was not measured and the influence of native language background on word association was not fully considered;future research should further explore these aspects.

Grammar Model Based on Lexical Substring Extraction for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction

[Objective] To examine the grammar model based on lexical substring exac- tion for RNA secondary structure prediction. [Method] By introducing cloud model into stochastic grammar model, a machine learning algorithm suitable for the lexicalized stochastic grammar model was proposed. The word grid mode was used to extract and divide RNA sequence to acquire lexical substring, and the cloud classifier was used to search the maximum probability of each lemma which was marked as a certain sec- ondary structure type. Then, the lemma information was introduced into the training stochastic grammar process as prior information, realizing the prediction on the sec- ondary structure of RNA, and the method was tested by experiment. [Result] The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy and searching speed of stochastic grammar cloud model were significantly improved from the prediction with simple stochastic grammar. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the wide application of stochastic grammar model for RNA secondary structure prediction.

The Analysis of Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

I.IntroductionThe study of the.lexical approach focuses on the understanding ofa lexical-grammatical unit,which was called lexical phrase by Nattinger and Decarrieo and was called chunks by Michel Lewis.It is a multi-word unit of varying lengths,which has a fixed orrelatively fixed structure and expresses a certain meaning.It is prefabri-cated and frequently used.As a language teacher I think chunks arevery useful in language teaching and the lexical approach is a way of improving my teaching.They make sense in the classroom as they

Application of Lexical Approach to Teaching of Business English Correspondence

Because of poor vocabulary, improper use of lexis, and interference of first language, it is difficult for students in voca-tional school to learn Business English Correspondence well. Business English has close relations with lexical chunks, whichmakes it necessary to apply lexical approach to teaching of Business English Correspondence. This paper intends to explore its the-oretical foundations and emphasize how to apply lexical approach to teaching of Business English Correspondence in vocationalschool.

On Second Language Learners＇ Lexical Competence

The paper discusses SL learners＇ lexical competence from O＇Connor＇s Five Steps of Vocabulary Acquisition Theory, Collins ＆ Loftus＇s Semantic Network Theory and Fay ＆ Cutler＇s Mental Lexicon Theory. From the discussion, the author finds that second language learners＇ lexical competence includes the following aspects： the ability to recall the words which are similar to the target words in spelling and pronunciation; the ability to recall the synonyms of the target words; the ability to recall the antonyms of the target words; and the ability to recall the related words which come together with the target words in a context. Meanwhile it advances some strategies to develop the corresponding competence.

A Study of E-C and C-E Translation in the Light of Lexical Contrastive Analysis and Cultural Differences

The essay briefly illustrates E-C and C-E Translation strategies in the light of lexical similarity and differences of Lexical Contrastive Analysis, and explores lexical translation skills under the theory of Cultural Differences.

《英语词汇学》练习题(7)

Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature2. Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in

Stylistic Features of The Rainbow by D.H.Lawrence——A Stylistic Analysis on an Excerpt from the Novel

It should be presupposed that all writers and texts have their individual qualities before the analysis goes ahead.In this paper,the analysis will be made respectively in terms of the four categories listed as follows:lexical categories,grammatical categories,figures of speech,and cohesion and context.We can draw a conclusion that the style of D.H.Lawrence is simpleness and directness and he seems not fond of complicating the superficial account,and turns to the natural and the essential tools to reveal the most original and animalized nature of the human being which,in his mind,is the most important and the essence of the nature rules.

The System of Reference and Lexical Cohesion in Newspaper-An Example of Analyzing "Beijing and Shanghai in Race to Attract Top Foreign Talents"

Discourse analysis is gaining its prominence in teaching reading. The paper presents an example of analyzing the system of reference and lexical cohesion of a news report. It demonstrates how to involve discourse analysis into the teaching of newspaper reading in order to make students get a clear framework of reference and lexical cohesion in a functional-grammar-conscious manner.

Language in Politics: Bush's Influence on Public Opinions

Politicians are fond of choosing the strategies of classic rhetoric to compose messages to influence the attitudes and actions of the audience. This paper will be focusing on a discourse from George W. Bush, the former president of United States, to see how he convinces the public and persuades them to accept his views.

The Lexical Approach and College English Teaching in China

Traditionally,language is considered to be a grammar vocabulary dichotomy system,and grammar and vocabulary seem to be independent of each other.This deep-rooted notion is particularly prevalent in Chinese English teaching and learning.Michael Lewis,the author of the Lexical Approach challenged the standard view of dividing language teaching into grammar and vocabulary.He believes that language is grammaticalised lexis,not lexicalized grammar,and lexis is the core of language learning while grammar is subordinate to it.This paper intends to explore its theoretical foundations and emphasize the great significance of the Lexical Approach to college English teaching in China.

Multimodal Design of Lexical Chunks Teaching

Based on the concepts of Lexical Chunks and Multimodal Teaching,this paper focuses the input source of English vocabulary learning,integrating the advantages of Lexical Approach with Multimodal Teaching.As a new teaching exploration of English vocabulary,the teaching practice in classroom has shown that teachers should make full and reasonable use of various teaching means and resources to achieve multimodal teaching of lexical chunks,which is helpful to promote students to learn vocabulary quickly and effectively,and improve students'English language competence and performance.

Stylistic Analysis on English On-line Chat

Based on the fact that on-line chat has become the most developing language form in the information age, this article point out the stylistic features of on-line English chat. Though in written language form, such language is spoken language in nature, thus it is worthwhile to analyze this special phaenomenon in lexical and grammatical level.

Translation of Lexical Stylistic Devices from English to Chinese in Commercial Advertisements

With rapid development of China,a growing number of foreign products are entering the Chinese market.An excellent translation of a product’s advertisement from English to Chinese undoubtedly contributes to its successful promotion in the Chinese market.Although the translation practice contains multiple difficulties,the translation of lexical stylistic devices is a big challenge for translators.It is not simply because lexical stylistic devices are diverse and various in form,but also because most devices involve linguistic and cultural differences between English and Chinese.This thesis analyzed a number of current English to Chinese translations of the devices in commercial advertisements,which mainly come from two translation scholars’works and official websites of world-known brands.By analyzing the selected data,seven translation strategies are found to be the major translation strategies in this respect,namely literal translation,free translation,flexible translation,extended translation,adaptation translation,compensation translation and amplification translation strategies.Moreover,a number of linguistic and cultural issues which need to be considered by translators are also illustrated here.

Stylistic Analysis of Ezra Pound's Cathay

Cathay by Ezra Pound is the masterpiece in modern poetry in the West,and it contains nineteen Chinese poems.Based on literary stylistic theory,Pound’s translation style in Cathay is analyzed from lexical categories,aspects of syntax and figures of speech etc.It is found that the vocabulary and sentences in Cathay are very simple and brief,and the language is rich of images,which is the exact reflection of Pound’s idea of Imagism.