Environmental stewardship is one of the main indicators of corporate performance and reputation among investors today. However, historical operational practices and accidents have created significant environmental lia...Environmental stewardship is one of the main indicators of corporate performance and reputation among investors today. However, historical operational practices and accidents have created significant environmental liabilities in the industrial sector, and now require significant investments for appropriate management and resolution. A strategic approach is imperative to assure that company’s financial resources are effectively allocated, and shareholders’ interests are protected. In addition, these liabilities must be appropriately and continuously reported, which require the use of robust forecasting techniques such as Monte Carlo Simulation. The present study results demonstrate that under an optimized strategic approach, liability management costs may be reduced in approximately 50%. In addition, the financial forecast under the selected approach may support appropriate reporting of company’s liabilities.展开更多
The paper analyzes the benefit and risk of liabilities operation in telecom enterprises and the advantages of internal and external conditions in liabilities operation. The quantitative model of liabilities scale is s...The paper analyzes the benefit and risk of liabilities operation in telecom enterprises and the advantages of internal and external conditions in liabilities operation. The quantitative model of liabilities scale is studied by analyzing the factors that act on the liabilities scale.展开更多
At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of dispute...At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of disputes related to violations of“sexual autonomy,”judicial biases have emerged during the trial process when courts determine the attribute of the right to“sexual autonomy.”This situation necessitates a clear legal analysis of the concept and attributes of“sexual autonomy”to establish its essential attribute as a personality right,and,from the perspective of legal doctrine,enable the justification of the right to“sexual autonomy”as either a general personality right or other personality interests,thereby providing theoretical support for courts to“adjudicate according to law.”By delineating and categorizing instances of violations of“sexual autonomy,”the constitutive elements and fundamental characteristics of such violations can be clarified.By examining the legal norms governing civil litigation and civil litigation associated with criminal cases concerning violations of“sexual autonomy,”the responsibility determination,remedies,and existing regulatory loopholes regarding violations of“sexual autonomy,”especially in cases involving both criminal and civil matters,can be defined.Based on this foundation,the legal basis,determination mechanism,and compensation standards for claiming compensation for mental damages resulting from violations of“sexual autonomy”can be elucidated.展开更多
The advent of the big data era has presented unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessmen...The advent of the big data era has presented unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessment,and liability.Traditional tort law is unable to provide a robust response for these challenges,which severely hinders human rights protection in the digital society.The dynamic system theory represents a third path between fixed constitutive elements and general clauses.It both overcomes the rigidity of the“allor-nothing”legal effect evaluation mechanism of the“element-effect”model and avoids the uncertainty of the general clause model.It can effectively enhance the flexibility of the legal system in responding to social changes.In light of this,it is necessary to construct a dynamic foundational evaluation framework for personal information infringement under the guidance of the dynamic system theory.By relying on the dynamic interplay effect of various foundational evaluation elements,this framework can achieve a flexible evaluation of the constitutive elements of liability and the legal effects of liability for personal information infringement.Through this approach,the crisis of personal information infringement in the era of big data can be mitigated,and the realization of personal information rights as digital human rights can be promoted.展开更多
Introduction:A growing belief that accounting can and should play a role in halting and reversing degradation of ecosystems is leading to conceptual and methodological develop-ments that recognize the cost of degradat...Introduction:A growing belief that accounting can and should play a role in halting and reversing degradation of ecosystems is leading to conceptual and methodological develop-ments that recognize the cost of degradation,attribute the cost to the entities responsible and assure that entities can't ignore the economic burden associated with it.Outcome:Demonstration accounts prepared around a scenario where agricultural use of land includes an obligation to maintain ecosystem condition.The accounts are compliant and coherent with both the intermational accounting standards for individual entities and the United Nations'System of Environmental-Economic Accounting.Discussion:Accounting for labilities for ecosystem degradation demonstrates that,where the liability reflects the lost economic value of the ecosystem,the accounts communicate a reduction in the total net worth of the economy and a redistribution of net worth away from the party responsible for the degradation.The inclusion of both libilties for degradation and the cost of degradation does not lead to double-counting the economic impact of degradation.Conclusion:Accounting principles and frameworks encourage greater accountability for entities responsible for ecosystem condition by providing greater visibility of the economic cost to individual entities,governments and nations.展开更多
The risk analysis evaluates the probability of occurrence with the impact of said risks.In the hydrocarbon sector,an environmental liability is an improperly abandoned facility,soil contaminated by spills or others.Th...The risk analysis evaluates the probability of occurrence with the impact of said risks.In the hydrocarbon sector,an environmental liability is an improperly abandoned facility,soil contaminated by spills or others.The objective of this work is to define a risk management plan.The characterization of the residue and the area was carried out.Hazardous events were identified:overflow spill,soil contamination by infiltration,as well as radiant heat and suffocating and toxic fumes from a fire.The matrix method was applied considering the probability of occurrence against vulnerability.The danger of infiltration implied a high level of risk.The risk management plan was drawn up,its main action being the liquidation of the pool and the sanitation of the area.展开更多
This paper explores the recent evolution of Chinese investment in the wine industries in the Bordeaux region of France and Western Australia (WA). The study identifies variations in the nature of the investments und...This paper explores the recent evolution of Chinese investment in the wine industries in the Bordeaux region of France and Western Australia (WA). The study identifies variations in the nature of the investments undertaken, which are not always consistent with existing theory. We explore how these differences impact on the liability of foreignness (LOF) experienced (Eden and Miller, 2004; Zaheer, 1995). We find evidence of all three of the categories of hazards identified by Eden and Miller (2004), with unfamiliarity being particularly significant, especially for wholly owned investments. We postulate that differences in context between home and host countries are a key factor explaining both the observed difficulties and the differences in experiences. The findings of our work on LOF, in terms of its nature and mitigating strategies, resonate well with existing theory, although we also find evidence of a Country of Origin (COO) effect, both in terms of Liability of Origin (LOR) and Assets of Foreigrmess (AOF). The variations in entry mode and LOF, however, are less consistent with existing research and pose questions in relation to the interaction between the home and host contexts, company strategy and LOF.展开更多
Product quality law refers to the combination of various economical relationships and legal norms in the process of production,circulation and administration.It combines the operation of the market with the state supe...Product quality law refers to the combination of various economical relationships and legal norms in the process of production,circulation and administration.It combines the operation of the market with the state supervision.Studying on the legislation style will be of theoretical and practical significance.展开更多
The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry and capital has become a particular concern for real estate enterprises.For a long time,China’s real estate enterprises rely on high-leverage development and c...The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry and capital has become a particular concern for real estate enterprises.For a long time,China’s real estate enterprises rely on high-leverage development and carry out high-debt and high-risk operations.The solvency of real estate enterprises has been the focus of stakeholders’attention.In August 2020,China’s regulatory authorities introduced new financing regulations for real estate enterprises.They set up“three red lines,”which brought real estate enterprises’solvency into focus once again.This article takes A-share listed companies in China’s real estate industry as an example,analyzes and evaluates its debt solvency,and gives suggestions based on new policies and regulations,hoping to provide specific references to the enterpriser’s manager and external decision-makers.展开更多
One of the most serious mining disasters in underground mines is rockburst phenomena.They can lead to injuries and even fatalities as well as damage to underground openings and mining equipment.This has forced many re...One of the most serious mining disasters in underground mines is rockburst phenomena.They can lead to injuries and even fatalities as well as damage to underground openings and mining equipment.This has forced many researchers to investigate alternative methods to predict the potential for rockburst occurrence.However,due to the highly complex relation between geological,mechanical and geometric parameters of the mining environment,the traditional mechanics-based prediction methods do not always yield precise results.With the emergence of machine learning methods,a breakthrough in the prediction of rockburst occurrence has become possible in recent years.This paper presents a state-ofthe-art review of various applications of machine learning methods for the prediction of rockburst potential.First,existing rockburst prediction methods are introduced,and the limitations of such methods are highlighted.A brief overview of typical machine learning methods and their main features as predictive tools is then presented.The current applications of machine learning models in rockburst prediction are surveyed,with related mechanisms,technical details and performance analysis.展开更多
This study presents a review of the various methods to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal and coal-shale. The relative propensity of coal to undergo self-heating can be established by different metho...This study presents a review of the various methods to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal and coal-shale. The relative propensity of coal to undergo self-heating can be established by different methods. These methods are well established in their usage, but the fact that no particular test method has become a standard to predict the spontaneous combustion liability indicates that doubt still exists as to the validity of all of them. The underlying principle of all the tests is that the more readily the coal undergoes exothermic oxidation, the more liable it is to self-heat. Comprehensive studies that centres on the international position on research being conducted by academics, different research institutes and industries on spontaneous combustion of coal and coal mine fires were evaluated. Relationships between the geochemical analysis (proximate and ultimate analysis, forms of sulphur, petrographic properties, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) and spontaneous combustion testing methods (numerical and experimental approaches) used to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal were reviewed. The combination of these tests provides a better understanding of the mechanism that controls the spontaneous combustion phenomena. However, irrespective of the extensive studies that have been conducted over time, spontaneous combustion is still a major problem in the coal value chain.展开更多
On-site investigations consistently show that the rock burst inherent to coal seams varies greatly with coal seam thickness.In this study,impact factors related to coal seam thickness and surrounding rock strength wer...On-site investigations consistently show that the rock burst inherent to coal seams varies greatly with coal seam thickness.In this study,impact factors related to coal seam thickness and surrounding rock strength were analyzed and a corresponding rock burst risk assessment method was constructed.The model reflects the influence of coal seam thickness on the stress distribution of surrounding rock at the roadway.Based on the roadway excavation range,a stress distribution model of surrounding roadway rock is established and the influence of coal seam thickness on rock burst risk is analyzed accordingly.The proposed rock burst risk assessment method is based on the equivalent surrounding rock strength and coal seam bursting liability.The proposed method was tested in a 3500 mining area to find that it yields rock burst risk assessment results as per coal seam thickness that are in accordance with real-world conditions.The results presented here suggest that coal seam thickness is a crucial factor in effective rock burst risk assessment.展开更多
Coal burst is a severe hazard that can result in fatalities and damage of facilities in underground coal mines.To address this issue,a robust unascertained combination model is proposed to study the coal burst hazard ...Coal burst is a severe hazard that can result in fatalities and damage of facilities in underground coal mines.To address this issue,a robust unascertained combination model is proposed to study the coal burst hazard based on an updated database.Four assessment indexes are used in the model,which are the dynamic failure duration(DT),elastic energy index(WET),impact energy index(KE)and uniaxial compressive strength(RC).Four membership functions,including linear(L),parabolic(P),S and Weibull(W)functions,are proposed to measure the uncertainty level of individual index.The corresponding weights are determined through information entropy(EN),analysis hierarchy process(AHP)and synthetic weights(CW).Simultaneously,the classification criteria,including unascertained cluster(UC)and credible identification principle(CIP),are analyzed.The combination algorithm,consisting of P function,CW and CIP(P-CW-CIP),is selected as the optimal classification model in function of theory analysis and to train the samples.Ultimately,the established ensemble model is further validated through test samples with 100%accuracy.The results reveal that the hybrid model has a great potential in the coal burst hazard evaluation in underground coal mines.展开更多
In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of...In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads. Various extreme load effects, such as earthquake and vessel collision, are on the same reliability-based platform. Since these extreme loads are time variables, combining them with not considered frequent. non- extreme loads is a significant challenge. The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications. Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers, many load combinations are insignificant in their states. This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states. This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms. Then, important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively,展开更多
The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of coal on a standard provides an understanding of its characteristics towards spontaneous combustion.The trend of linear relationships between coal recordi...The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of coal on a standard provides an understanding of its characteristics towards spontaneous combustion.The trend of linear relationships between coal recording standards(%air-dried(ad),%dry(db)and%dry ash free(daf)basis)of 30 selected coal samples from the Witbank coalfields and spontaneous combustion liability indices were evaluated.The spontaneous combustion liability indices of these samples were evaluated by crossing point temperature(XPT),Stage II Slope,FCC(Feng,Chakravorty,Cochrane)and the Wits-Ehac tests,while the coal properties were determined from the proximate and ultimate analyses.The results obtained from these coal properties were related to different liability indices to develop trends of linear relationships using regression analysis.The ad basis indicated higher correlation coefficients than the db and daf basis for the XPT and FCC index,while the daf showed higher correlation coefficients than the ad and db basis for the Wits-Ehac index.It was found that the trend of linear relationships of these coal properties differs from one liability index to the next.The XPTs showed a better trend followed by the Stage II Slope on the coal properties among the spontaneous combustion liability indices evaluated.展开更多
A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub...A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.展开更多
As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not reject...As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.展开更多
A series of experiments,using X-ray diffraction, electronic microscope investigation and SEM observation,are carried out to investigate the microstructure characteristics of bump-prone coal. The samples are from four ...A series of experiments,using X-ray diffraction, electronic microscope investigation and SEM observation,are carried out to investigate the microstructure characteristics of bump-prone coal. The samples are from four coal seams in two different coal mines,which compose of No.7,No.9 and No.12 coal seams in Zhaogezhuang mine and No.11 seam in Xinzhouyao mine.The microstructure parameters of coal are adopted to calculate the bump liability of展开更多
文摘Environmental stewardship is one of the main indicators of corporate performance and reputation among investors today. However, historical operational practices and accidents have created significant environmental liabilities in the industrial sector, and now require significant investments for appropriate management and resolution. A strategic approach is imperative to assure that company’s financial resources are effectively allocated, and shareholders’ interests are protected. In addition, these liabilities must be appropriately and continuously reported, which require the use of robust forecasting techniques such as Monte Carlo Simulation. The present study results demonstrate that under an optimized strategic approach, liability management costs may be reduced in approximately 50%. In addition, the financial forecast under the selected approach may support appropriate reporting of company’s liabilities.
文摘The paper analyzes the benefit and risk of liabilities operation in telecom enterprises and the advantages of internal and external conditions in liabilities operation. The quantitative model of liabilities scale is studied by analyzing the factors that act on the liabilities scale.
文摘At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of disputes related to violations of“sexual autonomy,”judicial biases have emerged during the trial process when courts determine the attribute of the right to“sexual autonomy.”This situation necessitates a clear legal analysis of the concept and attributes of“sexual autonomy”to establish its essential attribute as a personality right,and,from the perspective of legal doctrine,enable the justification of the right to“sexual autonomy”as either a general personality right or other personality interests,thereby providing theoretical support for courts to“adjudicate according to law.”By delineating and categorizing instances of violations of“sexual autonomy,”the constitutive elements and fundamental characteristics of such violations can be clarified.By examining the legal norms governing civil litigation and civil litigation associated with criminal cases concerning violations of“sexual autonomy,”the responsibility determination,remedies,and existing regulatory loopholes regarding violations of“sexual autonomy,”especially in cases involving both criminal and civil matters,can be defined.Based on this foundation,the legal basis,determination mechanism,and compensation standards for claiming compensation for mental damages resulting from violations of“sexual autonomy”can be elucidated.
基金the“Application of the Dynamic System Theory in the Determination of Infringement Liability for Immaterial Personality Rights in the Civil Code”(Project Approval Number 2022MFXH006)a project of the young scholar research program of the Civil Law Society of CLS in 2022。
文摘The advent of the big data era has presented unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessment,and liability.Traditional tort law is unable to provide a robust response for these challenges,which severely hinders human rights protection in the digital society.The dynamic system theory represents a third path between fixed constitutive elements and general clauses.It both overcomes the rigidity of the“allor-nothing”legal effect evaluation mechanism of the“element-effect”model and avoids the uncertainty of the general clause model.It can effectively enhance the flexibility of the legal system in responding to social changes.In light of this,it is necessary to construct a dynamic foundational evaluation framework for personal information infringement under the guidance of the dynamic system theory.By relying on the dynamic interplay effect of various foundational evaluation elements,this framework can achieve a flexible evaluation of the constitutive elements of liability and the legal effects of liability for personal information infringement.Through this approach,the crisis of personal information infringement in the era of big data can be mitigated,and the realization of personal information rights as digital human rights can be promoted.
基金This work was supported by the Fenner School of Environment and Society,Australian National University。
文摘Introduction:A growing belief that accounting can and should play a role in halting and reversing degradation of ecosystems is leading to conceptual and methodological develop-ments that recognize the cost of degradation,attribute the cost to the entities responsible and assure that entities can't ignore the economic burden associated with it.Outcome:Demonstration accounts prepared around a scenario where agricultural use of land includes an obligation to maintain ecosystem condition.The accounts are compliant and coherent with both the intermational accounting standards for individual entities and the United Nations'System of Environmental-Economic Accounting.Discussion:Accounting for labilities for ecosystem degradation demonstrates that,where the liability reflects the lost economic value of the ecosystem,the accounts communicate a reduction in the total net worth of the economy and a redistribution of net worth away from the party responsible for the degradation.The inclusion of both libilties for degradation and the cost of degradation does not lead to double-counting the economic impact of degradation.Conclusion:Accounting principles and frameworks encourage greater accountability for entities responsible for ecosystem condition by providing greater visibility of the economic cost to individual entities,governments and nations.
文摘The risk analysis evaluates the probability of occurrence with the impact of said risks.In the hydrocarbon sector,an environmental liability is an improperly abandoned facility,soil contaminated by spills or others.The objective of this work is to define a risk management plan.The characterization of the residue and the area was carried out.Hazardous events were identified:overflow spill,soil contamination by infiltration,as well as radiant heat and suffocating and toxic fumes from a fire.The matrix method was applied considering the probability of occurrence against vulnerability.The danger of infiltration implied a high level of risk.The risk management plan was drawn up,its main action being the liquidation of the pool and the sanitation of the area.
文摘This paper explores the recent evolution of Chinese investment in the wine industries in the Bordeaux region of France and Western Australia (WA). The study identifies variations in the nature of the investments undertaken, which are not always consistent with existing theory. We explore how these differences impact on the liability of foreignness (LOF) experienced (Eden and Miller, 2004; Zaheer, 1995). We find evidence of all three of the categories of hazards identified by Eden and Miller (2004), with unfamiliarity being particularly significant, especially for wholly owned investments. We postulate that differences in context between home and host countries are a key factor explaining both the observed difficulties and the differences in experiences. The findings of our work on LOF, in terms of its nature and mitigating strategies, resonate well with existing theory, although we also find evidence of a Country of Origin (COO) effect, both in terms of Liability of Origin (LOR) and Assets of Foreigrmess (AOF). The variations in entry mode and LOF, however, are less consistent with existing research and pose questions in relation to the interaction between the home and host contexts, company strategy and LOF.
文摘Product quality law refers to the combination of various economical relationships and legal norms in the process of production,circulation and administration.It combines the operation of the market with the state supervision.Studying on the legislation style will be of theoretical and practical significance.
文摘The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry and capital has become a particular concern for real estate enterprises.For a long time,China’s real estate enterprises rely on high-leverage development and carry out high-debt and high-risk operations.The solvency of real estate enterprises has been the focus of stakeholders’attention.In August 2020,China’s regulatory authorities introduced new financing regulations for real estate enterprises.They set up“three red lines,”which brought real estate enterprises’solvency into focus once again.This article takes A-share listed companies in China’s real estate industry as an example,analyzes and evaluates its debt solvency,and gives suggestions based on new policies and regulations,hoping to provide specific references to the enterpriser’s manager and external decision-makers.
文摘One of the most serious mining disasters in underground mines is rockburst phenomena.They can lead to injuries and even fatalities as well as damage to underground openings and mining equipment.This has forced many researchers to investigate alternative methods to predict the potential for rockburst occurrence.However,due to the highly complex relation between geological,mechanical and geometric parameters of the mining environment,the traditional mechanics-based prediction methods do not always yield precise results.With the emergence of machine learning methods,a breakthrough in the prediction of rockburst occurrence has become possible in recent years.This paper presents a state-ofthe-art review of various applications of machine learning methods for the prediction of rockburst potential.First,existing rockburst prediction methods are introduced,and the limitations of such methods are highlighted.A brief overview of typical machine learning methods and their main features as predictive tools is then presented.The current applications of machine learning models in rockburst prediction are surveyed,with related mechanisms,technical details and performance analysis.
文摘This study presents a review of the various methods to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal and coal-shale. The relative propensity of coal to undergo self-heating can be established by different methods. These methods are well established in their usage, but the fact that no particular test method has become a standard to predict the spontaneous combustion liability indicates that doubt still exists as to the validity of all of them. The underlying principle of all the tests is that the more readily the coal undergoes exothermic oxidation, the more liable it is to self-heat. Comprehensive studies that centres on the international position on research being conducted by academics, different research institutes and industries on spontaneous combustion of coal and coal mine fires were evaluated. Relationships between the geochemical analysis (proximate and ultimate analysis, forms of sulphur, petrographic properties, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) and spontaneous combustion testing methods (numerical and experimental approaches) used to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal were reviewed. The combination of these tests provides a better understanding of the mechanism that controls the spontaneous combustion phenomena. However, irrespective of the extensive studies that have been conducted over time, spontaneous combustion is still a major problem in the coal value chain.
基金supported and financed from Special Funds for Basic Research Business Fees of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology(Nos.2016JBKY16,2017JBKY05)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0804603)Subject of Beijing Science and Technology Commission(No.Z171100002317008)
文摘On-site investigations consistently show that the rock burst inherent to coal seams varies greatly with coal seam thickness.In this study,impact factors related to coal seam thickness and surrounding rock strength were analyzed and a corresponding rock burst risk assessment method was constructed.The model reflects the influence of coal seam thickness on the stress distribution of surrounding rock at the roadway.Based on the roadway excavation range,a stress distribution model of surrounding roadway rock is established and the influence of coal seam thickness on rock burst risk is analyzed accordingly.The proposed rock burst risk assessment method is based on the equivalent surrounding rock strength and coal seam bursting liability.The proposed method was tested in a 3500 mining area to find that it yields rock burst risk assessment results as per coal seam thickness that are in accordance with real-world conditions.The results presented here suggest that coal seam thickness is a crucial factor in effective rock burst risk assessment.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.72088101 and 41807259)the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(No.2020CX040)the Shenghua Lieying Program of Central South University(Principle Investigator:Dr.Jian Zhou)。
文摘Coal burst is a severe hazard that can result in fatalities and damage of facilities in underground coal mines.To address this issue,a robust unascertained combination model is proposed to study the coal burst hazard based on an updated database.Four assessment indexes are used in the model,which are the dynamic failure duration(DT),elastic energy index(WET),impact energy index(KE)and uniaxial compressive strength(RC).Four membership functions,including linear(L),parabolic(P),S and Weibull(W)functions,are proposed to measure the uncertainty level of individual index.The corresponding weights are determined through information entropy(EN),analysis hierarchy process(AHP)and synthetic weights(CW).Simultaneously,the classification criteria,including unascertained cluster(UC)and credible identification principle(CIP),are analyzed.The combination algorithm,consisting of P function,CW and CIP(P-CW-CIP),is selected as the optimal classification model in function of theory analysis and to train the samples.Ultimately,the established ensemble model is further validated through test samples with 100%accuracy.The results reveal that the hybrid model has a great potential in the coal burst hazard evaluation in underground coal mines.
基金Federal Highway Administration at the University at Buffalo under Contract No.DTFH61-08-C-00012
文摘In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads. Various extreme load effects, such as earthquake and vessel collision, are on the same reliability-based platform. Since these extreme loads are time variables, combining them with not considered frequent. non- extreme loads is a significant challenge. The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications. Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers, many load combinations are insignificant in their states. This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states. This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms. Then, important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively,
文摘The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of coal on a standard provides an understanding of its characteristics towards spontaneous combustion.The trend of linear relationships between coal recording standards(%air-dried(ad),%dry(db)and%dry ash free(daf)basis)of 30 selected coal samples from the Witbank coalfields and spontaneous combustion liability indices were evaluated.The spontaneous combustion liability indices of these samples were evaluated by crossing point temperature(XPT),Stage II Slope,FCC(Feng,Chakravorty,Cochrane)and the Wits-Ehac tests,while the coal properties were determined from the proximate and ultimate analyses.The results obtained from these coal properties were related to different liability indices to develop trends of linear relationships using regression analysis.The ad basis indicated higher correlation coefficients than the db and daf basis for the XPT and FCC index,while the daf showed higher correlation coefficients than the ad and db basis for the Wits-Ehac index.It was found that the trend of linear relationships of these coal properties differs from one liability index to the next.The XPTs showed a better trend followed by the Stage II Slope on the coal properties among the spontaneous combustion liability indices evaluated.
基金Projects(71102174,70971036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(9123028) supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(20111101120019) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(11JGC106) supported by the Beijing Philosophy&Social Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(NCET-10-0048,NCET-10-0043) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of ChinaProject(2010YC1307) supported by the Excellent Young Teacher in Beijing Institute of Technology of China
文摘A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.
文摘As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.
文摘A series of experiments,using X-ray diffraction, electronic microscope investigation and SEM observation,are carried out to investigate the microstructure characteristics of bump-prone coal. The samples are from four coal seams in two different coal mines,which compose of No.7,No.9 and No.12 coal seams in Zhaogezhuang mine and No.11 seam in Xinzhouyao mine.The microstructure parameters of coal are adopted to calculate the bump liability of