Dermatoscope for the diagnosis of erythema with purpura induced by lidocaine/prilocaine cream:A case report

BACKGROUND Lidocaine/prilocaine(EMLA)cream is a local anesthetic that is applied to the skin or mucosa during painful therapeutic procedures with few reported side effects.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the use of dermatoscopy to identify a case of erythema with purpura,a rare side effect,after the application of 5%EMLA cream.CONCLUSION We conclude that erythema with purpura is caused by irritation and toxicity associated with EMLA,but the specific mechanism by which the toxic substance affects skin blood vessels is unclear.In response to this situation and for cosmetic needs,we recommend tranexamic acid,in addition to routine therapy,to prevent changes in pigmentation in patients with dermatitis.

Analysis of the Effects of Local Injection of Epinephrine and Lidocaine on Postoperative Pain and Bleeding in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

Objective:To explore the effects of local injection of epinephrine and lidocaine on postoperative pain and bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy.Methods:Sixty-eight children who underwent a tonsillectomy in our hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected.The children were randomly divided into two groups of 34 cases each.The observation group received local anesthetic injections of lidocaine and the control group received local anesthetic injections of epinephrine.The postoperative pain,operation time,blood pressure changes,and intraoperative blood loss of the two groups of children were observed and analyzed.Results:The postoperative pain,operation time,and intraoperative blood loss scores of the children in the observation group were 4.36±0.69,0.36±0.09,and 39.36±1.78 respectively,which were significantly better than those of the children in the control group(P<0.05)at 5.36±0.77,0.79±0.05,and 45.36±1.56,respectively.The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the observation group 3 minutes before surgery and 180 minutes after surgery were no different from those of the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Local injection of epinephrine and lidocaine effectively relieved postoperative pain and reduced bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy as compared to epinephrine alone.

Efficacy of lidocaine wet compress combined with red-light irradiation for chronic wounds

BACKGROUND Chronic wounds that fail to progress through normal phases of healing present a significant healthcare burden owing to prolonged treatment and associated costs.Traditional wound care typically involves regular dressing changes,which can be painful.Recent approaches have explored the use of lidocaine to manage pain and red-light irradiation(RLI),known for its anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation effects,to potentially enhance wound healing.AIM To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of lidocaine wet compression(LWC)combined with RLI for chronic wounds.METHODS We enrolled 150 patients with chronic wounds from the Wound and Ostomy Outpatient Clinic of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April to September 2022.The wounds were treated with dressing changes.The patients were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups using a random number table and given the same first dressing change(2%LWC for 5 min and routine dressing change).From the second dressing change,in addition to 2%LWC for 5 min and routine dressing change,the experimental group received RLI,whereas the control group continued to receive the same LWC and dressing change.The first and second dressing changes were performed on days 1 and 2,respectively.The third dressing change was performed 3 d after the second change.The frequency of subsequent dressing changes was determined based on wound exudation and pain.Pain during the first three dressing changes was evaluated in both groups.The average number of dressing changes within 28 d and the degree of wound healing on day 28 were also recorded.RESULTS During the initial dressing change,no noticeable differences were observed in the pain levels experienced by the two groups,indicating similar pain tolerance.However,during the second and third dressing changes,the experimental group reported significantly less pain than the control group.Furthermore,over 28 d,the experimental group required fewer dressing changes than the control group.CONCLUSION Notably,the effectiveness of wound healing on the 28th day was significantly higher in the experimental group than that of in the control group.The combination of LWC and RLI was effective in reducing early-stage pain,promoting wound healing,decreasing the frequency of dressing changes,and enhancing patients’overall quality of life with chronic wounds.

基于ADE优化的IPMSM全速域无传感器控制

为了实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)全速域的无传感器控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,提出了一种基于自适应差分进化(ADE)算法优化的复合控制方法。分别在零低速域、中高速域采用旋转高频电压注入法和滑模观测器法来对电机转速和转子位置进行估算,并在切换速域采用基于ADE算法的权重系数优化法来实现上述两种控制方法的平滑切换,从而实现IPMSM全速域无传感器控制。仿真结果表明:提出的复合控制方法能够实现电机全速域的无感控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,且具有良好的稳定性。

儿童维生素AD滴剂,这样吃才对

众所周知,维生素A、D对孩子的生长发育至关重要。而补充维生素A、D,最好选择专门的维生素AD制剂,比如维生素AD滴剂。但许多家长对其又不甚了解,有诸多疑问。以下,笔者将一一进行解答。

ADS-B信号在对流层大气波导中的传播性能

对流层大气环境存在特殊大气结构“大气波导”,可形成电波超视距传播或产生雷达盲区等。目前,通过雷达、GNSS信号等可以对大气波导进行一定程度的反演探测,但均存在一定的不足。ADS-B信号具有应用范围广、信号密度大、实时性高等特点,为此提出利用ADS-B信号受到不同大气环境影响后能量损耗不同的特点对ADS-B信号与对流层大气环境关联性进行分析研究。以武汉地区ADS-B信号数据为例,基于抛物方程传播理论对路径损耗进行仿真分析,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:ADS-B接收信号与仿真结果存在线性相关性并给出线性表述,为后续利用ADS-B信号反演大气波导提供参考依据。

星基ADS-B系统空天链路的建模与仿真

星基广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B,automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)系统是一种新型的航空器监视技术,在未来空中交通管理系统中具有广阔的应用前景。为了深入研究星基ADS-B系统中航空器到卫星的空天链路通信性能,将专业软件Matlab和STK(system tool kit)有效联合,构建符合国际标准的星基ADS-B空天链路完整模型;通过离散事件动态交互模拟ADS-B消息的发送与接收全过程,最后统计得出体现星基ADS-B空天链路通信性能的消息识别概率(POI,possibility of identify)、消息检测概率(POD,possibility of detective)、信号接收功率、信号冲突概率、卫星覆盖范围等指标。仿真结果表明,随着区域内航空器数量上升,POI、POD下降,消息冲突概率上升。

基于迁移学习-元学习的ADS-B攻击分类研究

准确分类通航领域ADS-B攻击类型,采取预防攻击措施,对保障通航运行安全性具有重要意义。针对通航领域ADS-B攻击数据样本少,提出一种基于迁移学习-元学习的ADS-B攻击分类模型。该模型将迁移学习与深度卷积自编码器相结合,建立ADS-B攻击特征提取模型,提取数据样本的攻击有效特征表示,并运用元学习策略在特征空间中实现ADS-B攻击准确分类。实例研究表明,基于迁移学习-元学习的攻击分类模型可有效分类小样本ADS-B攻击,且正确率在95%以上。

基于多时间特征融合网络的ADS-B实采信号分离

不同于以往单天线广播式自动相关监视(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,ADS-B)信号分离中利用仿真的ADS-B信号制作数据集,将单天线接收的真实飞机发射的ADS-B原始信号通过调整信号起始时间以及功率并人为增加噪声来制作数据集。为了提高信号分离的时域波形精度,提出一种多分辨率多时间特征融合重采样(Multi-Temporal fusion Resampling of Multi-Resolution Features,MTRM-RF)网络,通过卷积将信号转化成不同采样率的信号并分别使用多层堆叠逐渐膨胀的一维卷积提取不同时间间隔的特征,以获得更多的时间信息。对多种基于深度学习的语音分离网络进行比较发现,MTRM-RF网络能够有效地融合ADS-B信号的不同采样率、不同时间间隔采样点的特征进行训练。并且随着训练集数据量的增加,分离信号的平均解码正确率达到88.39%,证明该网络可有效分离单天线实采的ADS-B交织信号。

基于AD与TRIZ的加工中心主轴松拉刀机构优化设计

数控加工中心在加工过程中常出现主轴松刀力不足或无法松刀的现象。针对此问题,通过TRIZ系统组件分析明确现有松拉刀机构各组件间作用关系,利用因果链分析得出影响松刀的根本原因,最终应用TRIZ理论中的物场模型分析方法和AD独立性原理提出优化设计方案。根据新方案计算出实际工况下的主轴松刀力和螺杆强度,并对松刀杆进行建模和仿真。结果表明:最大位移量为6.995μm,最大应力为45.24 MPa,符合结构设计要求。最后,经过现场实物测试,当液压力为5 MPa时,松刀行程、松刀力以及打刀量均符合生产要求,验证了优化设计方案的合理性。

基于改进型多斜Ⅲ技术的7位半AD转换器设计

高精度测试仪器在环境试验中扮演着重要角色,而积分型AD转换器被广泛的应用在高精度测试仪器中。针对传统型积分型AD转换器转换速率较低的问题,提出了一种提高转换速率的改进型多斜ⅢAD转换器,详细的介绍了其原理和设计思路。该转换器以单片机与CPLD一同控制积分型ADC,在积分末尾利用单片机片内ADC测量积分器的残留电压,以达到提高转换速率的目的。经理论分析该AD转换器比传统型转换速率快836倍,分辨率可达到31位,在±10V直流电压测量中可实现7位半分辨率。

Intravesical Non-Alkalinized Lidocaine Instillation for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patients

Purpose: The effectiveness of daily or weekly instillation of non-alkalinized lidocaine for patients suffering interstitial cystitis and/or bladder pain syndrome was evaluated retrospectively. Patients and methods: Five female patients (40 - 71 years old) diagnosed as interstitial cystitis by cystoscopic findings and a 68 year-old bladder pain syndrome patient were enrolled. All patients, having interstitial cystitis, had undergone hydrodistention therapy previously and had not improved their symptoms by empirical therapies. Daily or weekly (upon their severity of symptoms) intravesical instillation of 20 ml of 4% non-alkalinized (pH 6.0 - 7.0) lidocaine solution was performed for several times, and patients were asked to keep them in the bladder as long as two hours each time. Previous medications such as anti-cholinergic drugs and analgesics were continued according to patient's requirements and symptoms. The treatment effect was evaluated comparing O'Leary-Sant Symptom Index for interstitial cystitis patients and visual analog pain scale before and after the series of lidocaine therapies. Results: Instillation was made 6 to 16 times. Patients with interstitial cystitis improved their symptoms from O'Leary-Sant Symptom Index 17.5 to 10, Problem Index from 14.8 to 6 in an average. Crouching pain disappeared in all these patients after the instillation therapy. Severe interstitial cystitis findings on cystoscopy disappeared completely in one patient after the therapy. One patient having bladder pain syndrome reduced her analgesics use, and bladder-filling pain decreased from 7 to 3 as a visual analog scale score. One patient complained palpitation at 11th instillation and abandoned treatment thereafter, otherwise, none of these patients showed side effect concerning lidocaine toxicity. Conclusions: Intravesical non-alkalinized lidocaine instillation therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients were an easy, safe and effective treatment.

Effects of propofol combined with lidocaine on hemodynamics, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, interleukin-6, and cortisol in children

BACKGROUND Children are a unique patient population.Anesthesia for pediatric abdominal surgery has long been achieved mainly with intravenous amiodarone and propofol alone or combined with other anesthetics.The incidence of complications and postoperative adverse reactions is relatively high owing to the imperfect development of various protocols for children.Choosing the most appropriate anesthesia program is an important means of reducing adverse reactions.AIM To explore the clinical value of propofol combined with lidocaine-assisted anesthesia in pediatric surgery.METHODS A total of 120 children who underwent abdominal surgery at our hospital from January 2016 to March 2018 were selected and divided into groups A and B using the random number table method,with 60 patients in each group.Group B received ketamine for anesthesia,while group A received ketamine,propofol,and lidocaine.The pre-and postoperative heart rate(HR);mean arterial pressure(MAP);arterial oxygen saturation(SpO_(2));serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),interleukin-6(IL-6),and cortisol(Cor)levels;restlessness score during the recovery period[Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale(PAED)];and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The HR,MAP,and SpO_(2) Level at five minutes before initiating anesthesia were compared between groups A and B,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).At 10 and 20 minutes after anesthesia initiation,the HR and MAP were lower in group A compared with group B(P<0.05).The differences in preoperative serum ACTH,IL-6,and Cor levels between groups A and B were not statistically significant(P>0.05);however,the postoperative serum ACTH,IL-6,and Cor levels in group A were lower compared with group B(P<0.05).Furthermore,the visual analog scale scores of group A at 2 h and 8 h postoperative were lower than those in group B,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The mean PAED score in group A was lower than that in group B(P<0.05),and the incidence of restlessness in group A was 23.33%lower than that in group B(36.67%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in group A than in group B(6.25%vs 16.25%).CONCLUSION The anesthetic effect of propofol combined with lidocaine and ketamine in pediatric surgery was better than that of ketamine alone,and had less influence on hemodynamics and pediatric stress response indices,lower incidence of restlessness in the recovery period,and lower incidence of adverse reactions.

基于FPGA与AD9786的调制解调电路的设计

谐振式光学陀螺因其高理论精度、小型化以及高稳定性受到了国内外的强烈关注。针对于谐振式光学陀螺检测信号微弱的特点,需要对该信号进行调制解调,以实现陀螺的稳定输出,设计了一种基于FPGA和AD9786的高精度模拟信号源,该信号以FPGA作为核心控制单元,AD9786作为数模转换器,实现16位的高精度DA转换,通过上位机实现指令的通信过程,可实现不同频率的交流信号。该实验结果表明,该系统符合陀螺测试系统调制解调要求,通过上位机对不同输出信号进行测试,且测试结果无纹波时输出噪声Vrms269μV,交流信号精度达到0.01%,最高频率可达到2M,稳定性高。

基于AD7616的16通道数据采集系统设计

针对传统数据采集系统因通道不足或数据量过大,无法满足多通道同步采集的问题,设计了一种基于AD7616的16通道数据采集系统。系统以Xilinx系列FPGA作为主控芯片,ADI公司的AD7616作为模数转换芯片,DDR3 SDRAM作为缓存单元。介绍了各个模块硬件的设计思路,重点介绍了FPGA控制AD7616模数转换模块、DDR3 SDRAM缓存模块的软件程序设计,并对系统的多通道采样功能、同步性能以及实际水下超声信号的采集能力进行了实验验证,结果表明,系统可以完成水下超声信号的多通道同步采集。

Comparative efficacy of ketamine,lidocaine,acetaminophen,and dexmedetomidine combined with morphine patient-controlled analgesia in treating opium-addicted patients undergoing tibia fracture surgery:A randomized clinical trial

Objective:To compare the effect of ketamine,lidocaine,acetaminophen,and dexmedetomidine combined with morphine patient-controlled analgesia for opium addicts after tibial fracture surgery.Methods:This double-blind clinical trial included opium-addicted patients undergoing tibia fracture surgery.Patients were recruited and randomized to four different groups including the ketamine group,the lidocaine group,the acetaminophen group,and the dexmedetomidine group.The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure,and arterial SaO2,alongside visual analog scale pain scores,sedation assessed by Ramsay score,nausea and vomiting,and opioid use were recorded and compared among the four groups.Results:This study included 140 patients,aged 37(32,41)years,with 92 males and 48 females,and each group had 35 patients.Dexmedetomidine-sedated subjects had the lowest blood pressure from 1 to 24 h after surgery,decreased HR at 12 and 24 h after surgery,and more satisfactory sedation(P<0.05).Notwithstanding no significant difference was noted in the pain scores,or nausea and vomiting among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine has a better sedation effect compared to ketamine,lidocaine,and acetaminophen for pain control,but the final choice hinges on the patients’physical condition and the anesthesiologist's preference.Clinical registration:It is registered in Iranian Registry Clinical Trial by code IRCT20141209020258N146.

脉冲电流对轧辊用AD180高碳半钢材料力学性能及组织的影响

为分析电流处理对轧辊材料的影响规律,通过改变电流密度和处理时间来调整AD180高碳半钢的微观组织和力学性能。使用万能拉伸试验机对电流处理后的试样进行单轴拉伸实验,并对试样进行SEM断口截面分析和EBSD微观表征,研究其力学性能和微观组织的变化规律。拉伸结果表明,在电流密度11.88 A·mm-2、通电5 min时,试样的综合性能最好,屈服强度提高6.5%,抗拉强度提高12.1%,伸长率提高了25.4%。通过断口截面分析发现,拉伸试样均为脆性断裂,未通电试样存在大量孔洞缺陷,而合适的电流密度和通电时间可以促进试样内部孔洞缺陷的“愈合”,其中,电流密度为11.88 A·mm^(-2)、通电5 min时,试样断口上的缺陷最少。EBSD微观表征结果表明,脉冲电流使试样在较低温度下发生了再结晶,细化了晶粒。由此可见,脉冲电流可以改善试样内部的组织结构和治愈微缺陷,提高其综合力学性能。

基于动态离散模型的机场ADS-B攻击威胁影响研究

随着航空业信息技术的发展,空中交通管制系统面临着多种网络攻击的威胁。广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)系统因其明文广播的数据传输方式,存在着被网络攻击的安全问题。依据“等待降落-降落-停泊-排队起飞-起飞”的航班运行全流程,建立了WLPQD动态离散模型,研究机场流量和航班延误。模型引入了系统冗余能力、处理速率等参数,模拟了攻击场景;通过受影响飞机数量和延误时间等指标研究了机场航班延误的传播影响。模型展示了ADS-B消息注入攻击对降落、起飞航班造成的延误,提出了两种攻击缓解方法。结果表明,延误规模的大小与攻击强度呈现正相关,且攻击对起飞航班的延误影响更大;提升对“幽灵飞机”和合法飞机的处理速率都可提升机场系统的抗毁性,但前者对提升机场系统冗余能力的效果更加显著。所做研究为机场系统抵御网络攻击、增强抗毁性提供了决策分析的参考依据。

采用AD654芯片的直流电压传感器及其温度漂移补偿

提出一种基于电压-频率变换的光电式电压传感器及电压传感信号温度漂移的补偿方法。电压传感系统主要包括电阻分压器、电压-频率变换芯片、发光二极管、光纤、光电探测与信号处理单元等。利用两块AD654型芯片分别作为被测电压和温度传感单元,通过对两路光传感信号进行非线性数据拟合等方式实现了对电压传感信号温度漂移的实时补偿。实验测量了0.6 kV~5.0 kV范围内的直流电压,并实现了电压传感信号的温度漂移补偿,在-40℃~+60℃的温度范围内,电压传感信号温度漂移的平均相对误差约为±0.7%。

面向Ad-Hoc协作的局部观测重建方法

在多智能体强化学习的研究中,如何进行Ad-Hoc协作,也就是说如何适应种类和数量变化的队友,是一个关键问题。现有方法或者有很强的先验知识假设,或者使用硬编码的规则进行合作,缺乏通用性,无法泛化到更一般的Ad-Hoc协作场景。为解决该问题,提出一种面向Ad-Hoc协作的局部观测重建算法,利用注意力机制和采样网络对局部观测进行重建,使得算法认识到并充分利用不同局面中的高维状态表征,实现了在Ad-Hoc协作场景下的零样本泛化。在星际争霸微操环境和Ad-Hoc协作场景上与代表性算法的性能进行对比与分析,验证了算法的有效性。