Use of mobile-stroke risk scale and lifestyle guidance promote healthy lifestyles and decrease stroke risk factors

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Mobile-Stroke Risk Scale and Life Style Guidance(M-SRSguide)in promoting a healthy lifestyle and reducing stroke risk factors in atrisk persons.Methods:This research was an clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test control group design.The accessible population is persons at risk of stroke in the community(West and East Kalimantan Province,Indonesia).Thirty-two participants in the intervention group and 32 participants in the control group participated in this study.The sampling method was systematic random sampling.We allocate the sample into the intervention and control groups using a randomized block design.The intervention group used the M-SRSguide.The control group used manual book for a self-assessment of stroke risk.The measurement of a healthy lifestyle and the stroke risk factors was performed before and six months after the intervention.Results:There are no significant differences in healthy lifestyle and stroke risk factors between the two groups after the intervention(P>0.05).Analysis of healthy lifestyle behavior assessment items in the intervention group showed an increase in healthy diets,activity patterns,and stress control after the use of the M-SRSguide(P<0.01).Conclusion:The use of M-SRSguide is effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Contribution of attachment insecurity to health-related quality of life in depressed patients

AIM: To examine the individual contributions of insecure attachment styles and depression symptom severity to health-related quality of life(HRQo L) in patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder(AJD) with depressed mood. METHODS: Participants were 67 patients diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth edition AJD with depressed mood, who completed standardised self-report questionnaires measuring study variables. Mean scores and SDs were computed for the outcome and predictor measures. Pearson correlations among the measures were computed. The study hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance(ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses. All analyses were performed using the SPSS-17 software package(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States).RESULTS: ANOVA showed a significant main effect of the insecure attachment styles on depression symptom severity and life satisfaction scores. The results suggestthat depressive symptoms were more severe(F = 4.13, df = 2.67, P < 0.05) and life satisfaction was poorer(F = 5.69, df = 2.67, P < 0.01) in both anxious-ambivalently and avoidantly attached patients compared with their securely attached counterparts, whereas the two insecure groups did not significantly differ by these variables. The anxious/ambivalent attachment style and depression symptom severity significantly contributed to HRQo L, accounting for 21.4% and 29.7% of the total variance, respectively [R2 = 0.79; Adjusted R2 = 0.77; F(5, 67) = 33.68, P < 0.0001], even after controlling for gender, marital and employment status confounders.CONCLUSION: The results show that the anxious/ambivalent attachment style together with depression symptom severity substantially and independently predict the HRQo L outcome in AJD with depressed mood.

Self-assessed health and its aspects in the case of Mongolia

Self health assessment is a simple indicator that is widely used for measuring an individual’s perception of his or her overall health. Many studies have been conducted by way of showing which particular aspects should be included in health self assessment, especially in developed world. In the developing world, however, very few studies have examined self health assessment. The aim of this study was to identify particular aspects and associations in self health assessment and differences between subgroups in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The area sampling approach and Kish tables were used for selecting respondents. Total 500 respondents were surveyed by paper-based questionnaires. Spearman’s analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to show relations between variables. Sociodemographic status, such as age and gender, proved to be important in self health assessment. Other factors affecting self health assessment included the number of family members, daily life and lifestyles, social environment, community motivation, and utilization of health services. Women, the elderly, or people with less-than- normal access to information suffer from poor self-assessed health. People who are socially inactive and who have poor living conditions are less likely to use health care services and are likely to assess their health as “poor.” In order to reduce the poor self-assessed health status it is important to address disparities in socioeconomic factors, such as age, gender, employment, and residential area. In addition, more attention should be paid to community and health services, as well as to health promotion and empowerment activities, including income-generation activities. Further research is also needed, however, for better understanding of about the local people and their health-related issues.

Study of the Effect of Food Habit, Lifestyle and Daily Trip on Physical and Mental Status of Subjects at Islamic University in Kushtia, Bangladesh

This is a qualitative (study that used framework analysis) to examine by interviews among University personnel who live inside and outside the Islamic University campus in Kushtia, Bangladesh. In the present study, we found that subjects who live inside of the University feel better physically and mentally than the nonresident subjects. It was found that residents are more fit and feel better during and after class time. Resident subjects have less stress and maintain balanced diet for which they have good average BMI value than the nonresident subjects. In addition nonresident subjects have suffered diseases comparatively much more than resident subjects.

Evaluation of health determinants for sustaining workability in aging US workforce

Growth of older population in United States requires multi-generational evaluation to characterize health measures for sustaining workability. Investigation of measures that working population would need and use with their work-life in an attempt to stay healthy and fit, could potentially reveal significant association that could extend workability and enhance work productivity such as performance, presenteeism, job satisfaction. Evaluation with selective longitudinal health profiling;employment prerequisites;socio-economic and psychological scales could characterize health measures significantly associated with work sustainability. Such health measures could potentially be employed by US working population early in their life and occupation to sustain and improve workability in their later epoch.

Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease among Women

Stroke falls under the umbrella of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the number one killer of Americans. CVD, including stroke and heart disease, takes about 267,000 women’s lives every year [1]. In the present study, a health risk assessment of a population of women residing in North-eastern Pennsylvania was conducted to provide an estimate of vulnerability to stroke on the basis of medical history, genetic predisposition, and other lifestyle factors. Using the Health Belief model of Rosenstock, Strecher, and Becker [2] and the stage model of Prochaska, Diflemente, and Norcross [3], a health promotion plan was developed to address the needs of that population. An evaluation of risks that can and cannot be modified is developed to help people understand the basic lifestyle changes that could be made to prevent CVD, which includes stroke. An action plan was developed to lower the risk of stroke among women based on their individual needs and to raise awareness throughout the United States. Individuals should take the essential precautions for their personal cases. This will substantially lower the risk of CVD, especially stroke, among women.

Risk factors for major gastrointestinal bleeding in the general population in Finland

BACKGROUND Data on non-drug related risk-factors for gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)in the general population are limited,especially for life-style factors,clinical measurements and laboratory parameters.AIM To identify and investigate non-drug risk factors for major GIB in the general population of Finland.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the FINRISK health examination surveys,which have been conducted every 5 years across Finland from 1987 to 2007.Participants were adults aged 25 years to 74 years,excluding those with a previous hospitalization for GIB.Follow-up from enrollment was performed through linkage to national electronic health registers and ended at an event of GIB that led to hospitalization/death,death due to any other cause,or after 10 years.Covariates included demographics,socioeconomic and lifestyle factors,clinical measurements,laboratory parameters and comorbidities.Variable selection was undertaken using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)and factors associated with GIB were identified using Cox regression.RESULTS Among 33,508 participants,403(1.2%)experienced GIB[256 men(63.5%);mean age,56.0 years(standard deviation(SD)±12.1)]and 33105 who did not experience GIB[15768 men(47.6%);mean age,46.8(SD±13)years],within 10 years of follow-up.Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of GIB were baseline age[per 10-year increase;hazard ratio(HR)1.62,95%confidence interval(CI):1.42-1.86],unemployment(HR:1.70,95%CI:1.11-2.59),body mass index(BMI)(HR:1.15,95%CI:1.01-1.32),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)(HR:1.05,95%CI:1.02-1.09),precursors of GIB(HR:1.90,95%CI:1.37-2.63),cancer(HR:1.47,95%CI:1.10-1.97),psychiatric disorders(HR:1.32,95%CI:1.01-1.71),heart failure(HR:1.46,95%CI:1.04-2.05),and liver disorders(HR:3.20,95%CI:2.06-4.97).Factors associated with a significantly decreased risk of GIB were systolic blood pressure(SBP)(HR:0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.96),6-10 cups of coffee a day(HR:0.67,95%CI:0.46-0.99),or>10 cups(HR:0.43,95%CI:0.23-0.81).CONCLUSION Our study confirms established risk-factors for GIB and identifies potential risk-factors not previously reported such as unemployment,BMI,GGT,SBP and coffee consumption.

Refining a Church-Based Lifestyle Intervention Targeting African-American Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Pilot Study

Objective: The pilot study was intended to test the feasibility of a multiple-component lifestyle intervention targeting African American adults in a weight control and cardiometabolic risk reduction program on diet, activity, and stress, using community-engagement principles. Methods: Applying mixed qualitative and quantitative measures, the intervention had a two-part sequential study design consisting of 12 weekly small group sessions that provided individual and group counseling in nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness, while incorporating focus group and interactive techniques to learn about barriers and acceptable practices for this population. The program was implemented at an African-American church in Nashville, Tennessee. Results: Thirty-four participants (aged 56.1 ± 11 years, body mass index (BMI) 36.7 ± 6.6 kg/m2) completed the intervention. Lifestyle changes after the 12 weekly sessions showed some positive trends including reduced sodium intake (from 2725.3 ± 326.5 to 2132 ± 330, mg/day, P = 0.008), increased walking steps (from 4392.1 ± 497.2 to 4895.3 ± 497.9, steps/day, not significant), and slightly decreased Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores (from 13.7 ± 1.4 to 12.4 ± 1.5, not significant). Body fat % among male participants decreased significantly (from 33.8 ± 2.6 to 28 ± 2.6, %, P = 0.043). Among cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased significantly (from 6.6 ± 0.2 to 6.1 ± 0.2, %, P β = 2.4, P = 0.006). Twenty-one participants took part in focus groups during the program to identify barriers to healthy lifestyle changes. Primary barriers reported were price, time for preparing healthy meals, unfamiliarity with mindfulness activities, their health condition, and daily schedule available for physical activities. Conclusions: This church-based pilot intervention was proven feasible by showing modest progress in reducing adiposity and decreasing HbA1c levels. The focus group and interactive methods facilitated program direction. Future full-scale studies are warranted to identify key strategies that provide more personalized approaches and supportive environments to sustain a healthy lifestyle among these at risk minorities with limited resources.

信息-动机-行为模式干预对慢性心力衰竭患者心理负担和健康信念的影响

目的:分析信息-动机-行为模式干预对慢性心力衰竭患者心理负担和健康信念的影响。方法:将2022年1月-2023年1月某院收治的80例慢性心力衰竭患者依据入院先后顺序分组。对照组40例予以常规临床干预,观察组40例在此基础上予以信息-动机-行为模式干预。比较两组干预前后的心理负担、健康信念、应对方式、依从性及生活质量。结果:干预后观察组的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组(t=-3.390,-4.355;P<0.05),健康信念量表各维度评分高于对照组(t=6.326,10.496,5.166,6.881,5.427;P<0.05),积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(t=6.181,-7.647;P<0.05),用药知识、用药依从意愿及用药依从性评分高于对照组(t=6.412,5.605;P<0.05),生活质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF)各维度评分高于对照组(t=8.389,8.141,11.241,7.734;P<0.05)。结论:信息-动机-行为模式干预可减轻慢性心力衰竭患者的心理负担,提升其健康信念,改善其应对方式及依从性,且有助于患者生活质量的提高。

成人夜尿症患者生活方式及行为干预的循证证据总结

目的检索、评价成人夜尿症患者生活方式及行为干预的相关证据,为夜尿症状干预提供循证依据。方法计算机检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健研究中心、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、苏格兰学院间指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、医脉通以及PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方、维普数据库发表的与夜尿症管理相关的临床决策、指南、证据总结、系统评价、随机对照试验、专家共识,检索时间为建库至2024年5月。2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价,并对资料进行提取与整合。结果共纳入17篇文献,其中1篇临床决策、3篇指南、1篇系统评价、5篇随机对照研究、7篇专家共识,从饮食摄入、睡眠卫生、功能训练与活动、日常安全行为、中医治疗、相关疾病管理6个方面总结了28条证据。结论夜尿症的干预需要结合饮食摄入、睡眠卫生、功能训练与活动、日常安全行为、中医治疗和相关疾病等方面管理的循证证据。

大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的相关性

目的:研究大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的关系,为大学生心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取3所高校一、二、三3个年级大学生共1542名为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、父母教养方式量表(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)、大学生社会责任感问卷、生命态度量表、一般健康问卷(General Health Questionnaire-20,CHQ-20)进行调查。结果:单因素结果显示,心理健康评分、生命态度评分及父母养育方式中父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主、父母控制评分在留守经历、成长地、独生子女、贫困生、家庭结构方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同人口学特征的大学生社会责任感评分差异无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析显示,大学生心理健康与社会责任感呈负相关性(r=-0.318,P<0.05),与生命态度呈负相关性(r=-0.578,P<0.05),与父母养育方式中分维度父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主评分呈负相关性(r=-0.428,-0.443;P<0.05),与父母控制维度评分呈正相关性(r=0.365,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,大学生有留守经历、成长地为农村、非独生子女、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、父母关爱评分低、父母鼓励评分低、父母控制评分高、生命态度评分低,则心理健康水平低(P<0.05)。结论:大学生心理健康整体处于良好状态,与父母养育方式、生命态度有关。

新型冠状病毒感染对不良生活方式和健康行为的影响

新型冠状病毒感染的大流行改变了很多人的日常生活方式,其中部分不良的行为,如体力活动减少、久坐行为增加、屏幕时间增多、作息紊乱、吸烟饮酒增加等,对身心健康造成非常不利的影响。该文通过分析和归纳新型冠状病毒感染对不良生活方式和健康行为的影响,旨在让政府和个人重视这些负面变化,也呼吁更多的健康生活方式干预。

我国育龄人群家庭“健康小三件”使用状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国育龄人群家庭“健康小三件”使用状况及影响因素,为健康中国“合理膳食”专项行动的实施提供数据支撑。方法 采用与规模成比例的概率抽样方法,选取60 000名育龄女性,采用自行设计的《2019年全国人口与家庭动态监测调查个人与家庭问卷》中使用“健康小三件”相关问题进行面对面访问获取数据,采用方差分析和OLS回归模型分析“健康小三件”使用状况及影响因素。结果 2019年我国育龄人群家庭“健康小三件”使用得分平均为(5.04±2.83)分。30~<35岁年龄段得分最高,平均得分为(5.24±2.77)分;育龄女性文化程度越高,得分越高;家庭收入越高,得分越高;有3岁以下孩子的家庭平均得分为(5.18±2.71)分;东部地区得分最高,平均得分为(5.40±2.75)分;第一类城市平均得分最高,为(5.70±2.79)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(β=0.01)、受教育年限(β=0.14)、家庭年收入为3~<5万元(β=0.25)、家庭年收入为5~<8万元(β=0.36)、家庭年收入为8~<12万元(β=0.51)、家庭年收入≥12万元(β=0.35)、城镇(β=0.31)、东部地区(β=0.56)、中部地区(β=0.34)、东北地区(β=0.13)是影响“健康小三件”使用得分的主要因素(P<0.001)。结论 “健康小三件”使用状况较差,要有针对性地提高低收入、低文化程度、经济社会发展水平较为落后地区的人群使用率。

医学研究生生活方式和健康素养的现状及关系

目的了解医学研究生生活方式和健康素养的现状及关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法选取贵州省全日制医学硕士研究生1562人为调查对象,自行设计调查问卷收集研究生的一般情况(包括性别、民族、年龄、身高、体质量、年级、学位类型、专业、生源地、父母亲文化水平及自评健康状况等),采用大学生健康生活方式量表和全国居民健康素养监测问卷测评研究生的生活方式和健康素养,采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归模型分析健康素养与生活方式的关联性。结果医学研究生生活方式总得分为(121.23±18.04)分,健康素养得分为(60.34±6.09)分,健康素养水平为75.99%;Pearson相关分析显示,除运动锻炼行为外,医学研究生的生活方式及各维度得分均与健康素养得分呈正相关(P<0.001);多元线性回归分析显示,在控制年龄、民族、年级、生源地、父母亲文化水平、家庭月收入及自评健康状况等变量后,医学研究生健康素养水平可正向预测生活方式得分(β=0.160,P<0.001)。结论贵州省医学研究生的生活方式与健康素养水平亟需改善,其健康素养水平可正向预测生活方式得分。

妊娠期体质量干预方式的研究进展

对妊娠期体质量增长推荐标准、相关理论及干预方法进行综述。明确国内开展妊娠期体质量干预存在的问题,并提出需实施生活方式干预、心理行为干预、以助产士为主导及基于互联网和信息化平台的多学科干预策略,旨在降低妊娠期超重、肥胖及妊娠期体质量增长异常对母婴的危害,保障母婴安全。

基于主成分分析的急性胰腺炎患者不同时期的健康素养需求调查

目的基于主成分分析对急性胰腺炎患者不同时期的健康素养需求进行调查评估。方法选取2021年3月—2022年10月在江苏省南通大学附属医院及苏北人民医院胆胰中心接受治疗的504例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象。根据健康素养管理量表(HELMS)制定健康素养需求调查问卷,提取主成分,分析患者不同时期的健康素养需求。结果主成分分析显示,急性胰腺炎患者急性期的健康素养需求是疾病知识、医护专业指导、用药指导以及心理指导,稳定期的健康素养需求是健康理念、健康生活方式和自我健康管理。结论利用主成分分析可充分了解急性胰腺炎患者不同时间的健康素养需求,为患者提高个性化的健康指导,以提高患者的健康素养水平,降低复发率,改善身心健康,为护理人员开展针对性的干预提供依据。

牙周炎病人疾病感知现状及影响因素

目的:探讨牙周炎病人的疾病感知现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2022年8月—2023年4月于山西省某三级甲等综合医院口腔门诊就诊的184例牙周炎病人作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、简易疾病感知问卷、医学应对方式问卷及口腔健康影响程度量表进行横断面调查。结果:184例牙周炎病人的疾病感知得分为(47.07±8.28)分;回归分析结果显示,文化程度、家庭人均月收入及牙周炎严重程度是牙周炎病人疾病感知的影响因素,共解释总变异的64.9%。结论:牙周炎病人的疾病感知较为消极,医务人员应注意早期识别病人的疾病感知现状、应对方式及心理弹性,并根据病人的个性化特征制订系统性、规范性的护理干预方案,以改善病人的负性疾病感知,提高其生活质量。

高中生家庭支持、生活事件与心理健康的关系:应对方式的中介作用

为探讨高中生生活事件、家庭支持与心理健康的关系以及应对方式的中介作用,采用家庭支持量表、青少年生活事件量表、简易应对方式问卷与中国中学生心理健康量表对1081名高中生进行调查。研究结果显示:(1)家庭支持、生活事件、积极应对、消极应对与心理健康两两呈显著相关;(2)积极应对在家庭支持和心理健康间的中介效应显著;(3)消极应对在生活事件与心理健康间的中介效应显著。研究表明:高中生家庭应给予他们更多支持与关爱,尽力规避负性生活事件在此阶段出现。

公共卫生护理应用于心血管疾病患者及心血管疾病高危人群的效果分析

目的:分析公共卫生护理应用于心血管疾病患者及心血管疾病高危人群的效果。方法:选取2021年7月—2022年7月泰安市妇幼保健院收治的心血管疾病患者及心血管疾病高危人群90例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,各45例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组实施公共卫生护理干预。比较两组护理效果。结果:护理后,两组血脂、血糖、血压水平,依从性、生活质量评分优于护理前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。结论:公共卫生护理应用于心血管疾病患者及心血管疾病高危人群的效果显著,能够控制血压、血脂、血糖,加强依从性,改善生活质量,提高满意度。

基于目标导向的健康教育在慢性心力衰竭患者中的应用效果

目的:观察基于目标导向的健康教育在慢性心力衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年9月至2021年9月该院收治的86例慢性心力衰竭患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各43例。对照组给予常规健康教育,观察组给予基于目标导向的健康教育。比较两组干预前后负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]评分、应对方式[医学应对问卷(MCMQ)]评分、生命质量[健康调查简表(SF-36)]评分。结果:干预后,两组SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组面对评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,两组回避、屈服评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康等各项SF-36评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于目标导向的健康教育应用于慢性心力衰竭患者,可缓解患者负性情绪和疾病应对方式,提高生命质量,效果优于单纯常规健康宣教。