A Preliminary Study of Medical Books on Health Care for the Elderly and Prolonging Life in the Early 20th Century

The present research of Chinese medical history lack detailed discussions on Chinese medicine philology of the elderly and the various sorting of related literature of physiology and diseases both at home and abroad.Based on previous literature,the article aims to introduce the publishing trend of medical books on health cultivation and prolonging life on since modern times,generally describe its significance,and initially analyze the contents related to health cultivation for the elderly.The article finds out that after the scientific concepts were imported into China in large quantities from the beginning of the 20th century,the past superstitions rose again.The sciences of nutrition,bacteriology,and physiology in such books had all verified that the road to immortality was possible.The concept of longevity at the time emphasized a concept that could be controlled by science.With the advancement of scientific research and health concepts,people believed that they could eventually achieve immortality.It was obvious that people were filled with optimism about science at that time,thus gradually subverting the definition of the elderly.

Partial pancreatic tail preserving subtotal pancreatectomy forpancreatic cancer: Improving glycemic control and quality of lifewithout compromising oncological outcomes

BACKGROUND Total pancreatectomy (TP) is usually considered a therapeutic option forpancreatic cancer in which Whipple surgery and distal pancreatectomy areundesirable, but brittle diabetes and poor quality of life (QoL) remain majorconcerns. A subset of patients who underwent TP even died due to severehypoglycemia. For pancreatic cancer involving the pancreatic head and proximalbody but without invasion to the pancreatic tail, we performed partial pancreatictail preserving subtotal pancreatectomy (PPTP-SP) in selected patients, in order toimprove postoperative glycemic control and QoL without compromisingoncological outcomes.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of PPTP-SP for patients with pancreatic cancer.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomawho underwent PPTP-SP (n = 18) or TP (n = 38) at our institution from May 2014to January 2019. Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups, withan emphasis on oncological outcomes, postoperative glycemic control, and QoL.QoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatmentof Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC PAN26).All patients were followed until May 2019 or until death.RESULTS A total of 56 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Perioperativeoutcomes, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were comparablebetween the two groups. No patients in the PPTP-SP group developed cancerrecurrence in the pancreatic tail stump or splenic hilum, or a clinical pancreaticfistula. Patients who underwent PPTP-SP had significantly better glycemiccontrol, based on their higher rate of insulin-independence (P = 0.014), lowerhemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (P = 0.046), lower daily insulin dosage (P < 0.001),and less frequent hypoglycemic episodes (P < 0.001). Global health was similar inthe two groups, but patients who underwent PPTP-SP had better functional status(P = 0.036), milder symptoms (P = 0.013), less severe diet restriction (P = 0.011),and higher confidence regarding future life (P = 0.035).CONCLUSION For pancreatic cancer involving the pancreatic head and proximal body, PPTP-SPachieves perioperative and oncological outcomes comparable to TP in selectedpatients while significantly improving long-term glycemic control and QoL.

Analysis of quality of life in patients after transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery

BACKGROUND At present,laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is the main surgical treatment for gallstones.But,after gallbladder removal,there are many complications.Therefore,it is hoped to remove stones while preserving the function of the gallbladder,and with the development of endoscopic technology,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery came into being.AIM To compare the quality of life,perioperative indicators,adverse events after LC and transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery(EGPS)in patients with gallstones.METHODS Patients who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively collected.We adopted propen-sity score matching(1:1)to compare EGPS and LC patients.RESULTS A total of 662 cases were collected,of which 589 cases underwent LC,and 73 cases underwent EGPS.Propensity score matching was performed,and 40 patients were included in each of the groups.In the EGPS group,except the gastr-ointestinal defecation(P=0.603),the total score,physical well-being,mental well-being,and gastrointestinal digestion were statistically significant compared with the preoperative score after surgery(P<0.05).In the LC group,except the mental well-being,the total score,physical well-being,gastrointestinal digestion,the gastrointestinal defecation was statistically significant compared with the preoperative score after surgery(P<0.05).When comparing between groups,gastrointestinal defecation had significantly difference(P=0.002)between the two groups,there was no statistically significant difference in the total postoperative score and the other three subscales.In the surgery duration,hospital stay and cost,LC group were lower than EGPS group.The recurrence factors of gallstones after EGPS were analyzed:and recurrence was not correlated with gender,age,body mass index,number of stones,and preoperative score.CONCLUSION Whether EGPS or LC,it can improve the patient’s symptoms,and the EGPS has less impact on the patient’s defecation.It needed to,prospective,multicenter,long-term follow-up,large-sample related studies to prove.

The Use of Chloride, Citric and Ascorbic Acid Dip and Packaged Film to Extend the Shelf Life of Pejerrey (<i>Odonthested bonaerensis</i>) during Storage at Different Temperatures

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of chloride, citric and ascorbic acid dip treatments in conjunction with two types of packaging films (with high and low gas permeability) on microbial growth in samples of pejerrey fillets (Odonthestes bonaerensis) at three storage temperatures (4&#176;C, 0&#176;C and -1.5&#176;C). Colour, pH, texture modification and chemical changes were also studied. Psychrotrophic microorganisms, sp. were modelled by the Gompertz’ equation. Lag phase duration, specific growth rate and maximum population density were calculated. The activation energy (E&#181;) was calculated reaching values of 147 and 177 kJ/mol when the low permeability packaging films were employed. We used psychrotrophic microorganisms, sp., as a predictor of the shelf life of product. The application of treatment with chloride, citric and ascorbic acids, extended 1 - 2 days the storage life of the product (time to reach 106 CFU/g) when the packaging material used was polyethylene. The use of chloride, citric and ascorbic acids and vacuum packaging produced shelf life values of 7.7, >25 and >25 days at 4&#176;C, 0&#176;C and -1.5&#176;C respectively. The products had very good organoleptic characteristics, maintained their colour and texture appropriate, and absence of pathogenic microorganisms. These values indicated that the growth models were acceptable for expressing the growth of microorganisms on pejerrey fillets, which can be applied to ensure the safety of fish and to establish standards for avoiding microbial contamination.

Preservation Property of NBUCA Life Distributions

In this paper, some results of the NBUCA class of life distribution are obtained.The preservation properties of NBUCA aging properties under anti-star-shaped transformation are investigated. The preservation of NBUCA aging properties under general accelerated life model are studied as well.

Firmness of purpose in life significantly influences emotional state and autonomic nervous activity

The present study was performed to clarify the influence of having a firm purpose in life (PIL) on psychological and physical stresses. Participants were 59 subjects (19 males and 40 fe- males) with a mean age of 30.9 years (standard deviation, 12.1;range, 18 - 68 years). We used a mental arithmetic (MA) test as a goaloriented stressor;the test was supposed to be finished before a time limit expired without using pencil and paper. We used a PIL test to assess the intensity of personal meaning in one’s life, an interest in mental arithmetic test (IMAT) to assess the intensity of interest in the MA test, and an anxiety inventory (AI) to assess the anxiety level of before and during the MA test. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and nose tip temperature (NTT) were recorded before and after MA. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of independent variables of age, sex, PIL test score, AI score, HR, SBP, DBP, and NTT before the MA test. Multivariate-adjusted models showed that PIL test scores prior to the MA test significantly predicted the observed changes in AI score and HR. Other variables were not significant predictors. In conclusion, we found that a firm PIL decreased anxiety under psychological stress as measured with the MA test, even with objective evaluation by others. Having a firm PIL also lowered the response of the sympathetic nervous system to psych0logical stress.

Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A retrospective study of long-term functional outcomes and quality of life

BACKGROUND Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LAPPG) was known to have benefits of function-preserving surgery compared to laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG). However, in clinical settings, delayed gastric emptying and esophageal reflux following LAPPG can be serious issues, making surgeons reluctant to perform LAPPG. It is unclear that LAPPG had better longterm functional outcomes and quality of life compared to LADG. AIM To evaluate the long-term functional outcomes and patient-reported quality of life of LAPPG compared to those of LADG. METHODS We reviewed the clinicopathological data of 195 patients who underwent LADG with Billroth II anastomosis and 101 patients who underwent LAPPG for cT1N0 gastric cancer in the middle third of the stomach between 2012 and 2015. Postoperative complications, nutritional parameters, and survey results of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire C30 and STO22 questionnaire were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The serum hemoglobin level was significantly higher in the LAPPG group than in the LADG group (P < 0.001). In the endoscopic findings, incidence of bile reflux was lower (P < 0.001);however, the incidence of residual food was higher in the LAPPG group than in the LADG group (P < 0.001). Regarding the quality of life score, the LAPPG group had a better physical functioning score (86.7 vs 90.0, P = 0.032) but also greater pain and reflux when compared to the LADG group [8.3 vs 16.7 in pain, 11.1 (interquartile range, 0, 22.2) vs 11.1 (interquartile range, 11.1, 33.3) in reflux, P = 0.034 and 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSION LAPPG is beneficial to recovery of anemia and to bile reflux, however, it might be unfavorable in terms of pain and reflux symptoms compared to LADG with Billroth II anastomosis.

LIFE： Costing the Digital Preservation Lifecycle

The LIFE project creates a digital lifecycle model based on previous work undertaken on the lifecycle of paper-based material.Web Archiving, Voluntarity Deposited Electronic Publications (VDEP), and E-Journal are chosen as case study for application and evaluation of the LIFE Mode.Case studies show its potential for further use in a numble of roles,such as improving assessment of the financial commitment,more effective planning for preservation activities etc.The LIFE Mode will be revised and refined in LIFE2 Project.

Does Locomotive Syndrome, Associated with Sarcopenia or otherwise, Influence Quality of Life in Individuals Aged over 80 years? Third Wave of the LOCOMOV Project

Introduction:Locomotion is a determinant of intrinsic capacity of older people and can be limited by dysfunction in locomotory organs,characterizing Locomotive Syndrome(LoS).Knowledge on locomotive problems and sarcopenia,and their interface with quality of life,in the oldest old in the literature is scarce.Objective:To evaluate the correlation between LoS and sarcopenia and their influence on quality of life in oldest old.Methods:A cross-sectional study of an observational,descriptive and analytical epidemiological survey in independent older adults aged 80 and over from São Paulo,Brazil and who participated in the third wave of the LOCOMOV Project,was carried out.Sociodemographic data,comorbidities,functioning in activities of daily living,physical functioning,quality of life,and presence of sarcopenia and LoS were assessed.The statistical analyses included the Test-for-Comparing-Two-Proportions,Pearson's Correlation Coefficient,the chi-Square test and Student´s t-test.Results:Thirty oldest old with a mean age of 89.1 years were evaluated.The prevalence of LoS was high(53.3%)and correlated significantly with chronic pain(p-value 0.024),worse performance on the SPPB and Gait speed(p-value<0.001).Sarcopenia was not correlated with LoS,but worse quality of life on the physical domain was significantly associated with LoS(p-value<0.001)regardless of the presence of sarcopenia.Conclusions:LoS was highly prevalent among the oldest old studied and negatively impacted their quality of life,regardless of the presence of sarcopenia.

Advances,breakthroughs,and challenges in gastric cancer surgery

Gastric cancer(GC)remains a substantial health burden worldwide,ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all cancer types.Surgeons have persistently attempted to address this growing burden through surgical management of GC encompassing various aspects of surgery,including advances in surgical techniques and tools for minimally invasive surgery,novel technology for real-time image-guided surgery,and function-preserving and oncometabolic surgeries,aimed at improving patients’quality of life.The current perspective discusses the five most critical dimensions of the recent technical improvements and conceptual changes in GC surgery.We recommend further exploration of long-term benefits of these advancements,identification of breakthrough solutions to address current challenges,and delivery of the best quality of care.

临期盒装豆腐腐败菌鉴定及抑菌效果评价

【目的】探究临期盒装豆腐优势腐败菌及对其抑制效果,延长盒装豆腐货架期。【方法】以临期盒装老豆腐和内酯豆腐为研究对象,分离优势腐败菌,并通过16S rDNA全序列分析法对腐败菌进行鉴定。分别添加不同质量浓度的山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、乳酸链球菌素单一组及3种防腐剂的复配组到样品中,采用加速试验,以抑菌率为指标,通过响应面法确定最佳复配防腐剂配方和质量浓度。【结果】临期盒装豆腐中的优势腐败菌为植生拉乌尔菌(Raoultella planticola)和沃纳利葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus warneri)。单一防腐剂的抑菌率随质量浓度的增加而增加,而复配防腐剂的抑菌效果更好。当山梨酸钾为0.21 g·L^(-1)、脱氢乙酸钠为0.15 g·L^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素为0.17 g·L^(-1)时,对植生拉乌尔菌的抑菌率最高,为25.48%;当山梨酸钾为0.36 g·L^(-1)、脱氢乙酸钠为0.11 g·L^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素为0.10 g·L^(-1)时,对沃纳利葡萄球菌的抑菌率最高,为32.07%;当山梨酸钾为0.29 g·L^(-1)、脱氢乙酸钠为0.03 g·L^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素为0.01 g·L^(-1)时,该复配防腐剂对2种腐败菌均有较好的抑菌效果,抑菌率分别为25.17%和32.42%;将该复配防腐剂添加到回接腐败菌的盒装豆腐中,并于37℃下进行储藏,处理后的盒装豆腐货架期相应延长2 d,经测算相当于在0~4℃下货架期延长7 d。【结论】在加速试验条件下,复配防腐剂可以有效抑制临期盒装豆腐中优势腐败菌,延长货架期。

低温与无水胁迫下凡纳滨对虾肌肉品质劣变标记蛋白识别

【目的】探明凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)保活流通过程中低温和无水双重胁迫诱导肌肉品质劣变与差异表达蛋白之间的相关性,识别品质劣变的潜在标记蛋白。【方法】在模拟的海水环境中[溶解氧质量浓度为7.2 mg/L,温度控制在(12±1)℃]观察对虾在低温和无水胁迫下的生理反应,通过串联质谱标签蛋白质组学方法,分析环境胁迫导致的肝胰腺蛋白质组显著差异性变化,并将其与肌肉品质进行相关性分析。【结果】与正常对照组相比,低温组和低温+无水组分别鉴定了33和44个显著差异蛋白质(DEPs),这些蛋白质大多在溶酶体、糖酵解或糖异生、黏附等通路显著富集(P<0.05),同时胰蛋白酶-1、二肽基肽酶显著上调(P<0.05),而磷酸丙糖异构酶和醛脱氢酶显著下调(P<0.05)。此外,颜色和质构指标的变化与微管蛋白、凝溶胶蛋白、层黏连蛋白、内源性蛋白酶和代谢酶表达水平显著相关。【结论】本研究初次探明肝胰腺DEPs与肌肉品质间的内在联系,识别的典型DEPs可作为品质劣变的潜在标志蛋白,为监测无水运输期间凡纳滨对虾肌肉品质劣变提供分子靶标。

论长寿内卷化

进入长寿时代后,农村老年人在其高龄阶段的生命历程中,会遭遇各种负性生活事件。伴随其机体衰退,他们会不可避免地坠入巨大的生活风险之中。结合中国传统的老龄观,通过对“内卷化”这一概念的辨析和创造性转化,可以构建“长寿内卷化”的概念,以理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险状态。当高龄老年人的生命历程步入内卷点之后,其寿命虽然仍然在延长,但由于各种负性生命事件的发生和影响,生命质量却开始下滑,与理想状态相反的是,这段生命历程将持续进入病寿、苦寿、辱寿等单一存在或同时并存的生活风险状态;当这一曲线下滑至接近生命质量轴的交叉点时,它意味着高龄老年人生命主动或被动的终结。支撑从长寿内卷化到生活风险发生的机制是,城镇化进程带来的社会压力通过环状结构的新家庭结构形式向高龄老年人转移。秉持积极老龄观,加强政策干预,实现长寿去内卷化,是长寿时代所必需面对的重要议题。作为一个分析性概念的“长寿内卷化”,不仅对理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险具有理论意义和政策意义,将来也同样适用于分析城市高龄老年人的生活风险状况。

不同保鲜剂对葡萄冷藏及货架期品质的影响

作者以1-MCP保鲜剂、葡萄专用保鲜剂处理‘岳秀无核’葡萄,研究其28 d冷藏期及冷藏后室温货架期3 d果实营养及外观品质的变化。结果表明,1-MCP熏蒸和葡萄保鲜剂均能延缓‘岳秀无核’葡萄冷藏期及货架期的果实品质劣变。冷藏期间,1-MCP熏蒸处理能保持葡萄果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C等果实营养,延缓果实腐烂及冷藏前期的果梗褐变率等;但在抑制果实失重、落粒方面的效果不如葡萄专用保鲜剂。冷藏后货架期,1-MCP熏蒸处理可保持果实较高的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量及较低的腐烂率;葡萄专用保鲜剂对延缓果实硬度下降、落粒、果实失重、果梗褐变的抑制具有更好的效果。

聚乙烯醇/维生素C复合保鲜膜制备及其对白玉菇品质的影响

为提高白玉菇贮存和运输质量,保证其营养价值以及销售过程的品质,该研究以聚乙烯醇为基材,以维生素C(vitamin C,V_(C))为抗氧化剂,制备出不同含量聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)/V_(C)保鲜膜,探讨含抗氧化剂的PVA保鲜膜的理化性能及其对白玉菇品质的影响。结果表明,含0.10%V_(C)的保鲜膜理化性能优异,满足包装材料的要求。采用PVA(0.10%V_(C))保鲜膜处理的白玉菇样品色泽和感官品质均较好,失重率仅为9.20%,样品中的总酚类物质以及蛋白质含量的保留率分别为54.00%和75.50%,与聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)薄膜相比,其货架期延长4 d。

糖渍野木瓜鲜切片加工及保鲜工艺研究

目的优化糖渍野木瓜的制作工艺和保鲜工艺参数,并评估其货架期。方法以糖液质量分数、超声糖渍时间、真空糖渍时间为因素,进行正交实验,筛选出糖渍野木瓜鲜切片的最佳制作工艺。在最佳糖渍工艺基础上,筛选糖渍野木瓜鲜切片的保鲜处理工艺参数。在糖液中添加纳他霉素和D-异抗坏血酸钠,真空包装后巴氏杀菌。根据筛选出的最佳工艺参数制作产品,并进行产品检验。结果糖渍野木瓜鲜切片最佳工艺参数:超声糖渍时间为60 min,真空糖渍时间为90 min,糖液质量分数为40%,纳他霉质量浓度为60 mg/L,D-异抗坏血酸钠质量浓度为200 mg/L,杀菌条件为70℃、30 min。结论该工艺生产出的糖渍野木瓜鲜切片相较于市售产品具有更高的安全性和更长的货架期。

日本鲭的保鲜技术研究进展

为解决日本鲭捕捞后极易出现的品质劣化问题,更好地满足消费者对高品质日本鲭产品的食用需求,国内外研究者采用微冻、冰温、冻藏、冷海(盐)水和流化冰等低温保鲜技术以及添加保鲜剂、涂膜、电解水、外加电场、低温等离子体和高压处理等辅助技术对日本鲭资源进行质量控制,并对其致腐因素进行了研究。结果显示,低温保鲜技术虽然在一定程度上可以达到控制鱼体品质劣化、延长产品货架期的目的,但单独使用这些技术的保鲜效果并不理想;将其与低温保鲜辅助技术联用后,不仅可以有效延长日本鲭产品的货架期,还可以在一定程度上维持产品的风味和感官特性。然而,日本鲭捕获后仍然会受到鱼体中内源酶、体外微生物和氧化作用等致腐因素的多重影响,进而导致腐败。研究表明,应充分了解日本鲭的致腐原因,以便针对性地采取保鲜措施来遏制腐败行为的发生。本文系统综述了日本鲭低温保鲜及其辅助技术的研究进展,并对鱼体的致腐因素进行了深入总结,以期为日本鲭资源有效的质量控制与高值化利用提供参考依据。

固态植物精油保鲜剂特性表征及其对气调包装卤鸭脖耐贮性的影响

基于淀粉-羧甲基纤维素钠化学封装及纳米二氧化硅物理吸附原理,以机械挤压造粒法制备固态植物精油(茶树精油与肉桂精油质量比为2∶1)保鲜剂,探究这种保鲜剂结合气调包装对卤鸭脖的保鲜效果。红外分析证实复合精油被有效包封,气-质谱联用结果表明保鲜剂中精油含量为12.41%,包封率为73.87%。常温贮藏试验结果显示:对照组卤鸭脖贮藏第2天即可见白色菌落,贮藏4 d内pH值呈不断下降趋势,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物值和挥发性盐基氮含量上升,表明贮藏期间卤鸭脖中脂肪及蛋白质持续氧化降解。单独气调(70%N_(2)/30%CO_(2))组或保鲜剂组在第4天时出现白色菌落,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物值和挥发性盐基氮的上升与对照组相比更缓慢,表明单独气调或保鲜剂均能有效延缓卤鸭脖的品质劣变。精油固态保鲜剂结合气调包装抑制卤鸭脖微生物的生长,到第6天时才出现白色菌落,且能明显抑制其贮藏期间蛋白质和脂肪的氧化。说明气调结合固态植物精油保鲜剂处理能提升卤鸭脖的贮藏品质,延长其货架期。

肉品保鲜包装材料与新技术研究进展

目的 对现阶段肉品保鲜包装材料及相应的包装新技术进行研究总结,以期为肉类食品保鲜提供一定参考。方法 通过查阅国内外相关文献,总结当前肉类食品使用的包装材料及包装技术,综述真空包装、气调包装、智能包装的研究进展,分析其存在的优点和不足,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。结论 包装可对肉品起到直接的保护作用,在一定程度上延长了肉品的货架期。新型包装材料及配套包装技术的应用对提升肉品质量和安全至关重要。未来更加安全高效便捷的新型肉类食品包装材料及不同包装技术间的结合会成为行业发展的大趋势。

冷等离子体处理在食品中的应用研究进展

冷等离子体作为一种新兴的非热处理技术,因其具有降菌保鲜、改善食品原料加工品质、延长食品货架期和绿色安全等优点,在食品工业中得到广泛研究。该文对冷等离子体的概念、原理和作用机制以及冷等离子体在谷物、果蔬、水产品、肉制品和乳制品等方面的应用进行概述,以期为提高食品的质量、安全和延长食品的保质期提供参考依据。