Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products, more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields, especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves. For deepwater exploitation, the ri...Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products, more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields, especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves. For deepwater exploitation, the risers must be installed to act as the conduits connecting surface platforms to subsea facilities. In this paper, the typical risers sorted by different classes are introduced, and the correspondent installation methods are presented. By investigating the recent projects performed in the deepwater hot spots, and combining the challenges of HYSY20 l for riser installation, a lifting device developed for assisting riser installation is proposed and detailed to satisfy the installation of deepwater risers in the LW3-1 Gas Field of 1500 m in the South China Sea. Tests on both the functions and performances of such a new system exhibit the satisfaction of meeting all challenging requirements of HYSY201 for application to riser installation in waters up to a depth of 3000 m in the South China Sea.展开更多
In my ten-yeat experience of tenching English as major in college , I feel that students experience more difficulties in listening lessons than in other lessons. What, then, prevents students from achieving success in...In my ten-yeat experience of tenching English as major in college , I feel that students experience more difficulties in listening lessons than in other lessons. What, then, prevents students from achieving success in the listening class? I suggest that anxiety is one of the major factors, which interferes with students listening comprehension. And I would agree with writers such as Gardner and Horwitz et al. (1991)that anxiety may impede learner’s ability to perform successfully in all aspects of learning a foreign language. I feet it is particularly significant for listening.展开更多
The full two-dimensional Navier-Stokes algorithm and the SST k-? turbulence model were used to investigate incom-pressible viscous flow past the wind turbine two-dimensional airfoil under clean and roughness surface c...The full two-dimensional Navier-Stokes algorithm and the SST k-? turbulence model were used to investigate incom-pressible viscous flow past the wind turbine two-dimensional airfoil under clean and roughness surface conditions. The NACA 63-430 airfoil is chosen to be the subject, which is widely used in wind turbine airfoil and generally located at mid-span of the blade with thickness to chord length ratio of about 0.3. The numerical simulation of the airfoil under clean surface condition has been done. As a result, the numerical results had a good consistency with the experimental data. The wind turbine blade surface dust accumulation according to the operational periods in natural environment has been taken into consideration. Then, the lift coefficients and the drag coefficients of NACA 63-430 airfoil have been computed under different roughness heights, different roughness areas and different roughness locations. The role that roughness plays in promoting premature transition to turbulence and flow separation has been verified by the numeri-cal results. The trends of the lift coefficients and the drag coefficients with the roughness height and roughness area increasing have been obtained. What’s more, the critical values of roughness height, roughness area, and roughness location have been proposed. Furthermore, the performance of the airfoil under different operational periods has been simulated, and an advice for the period of cleaning wind turbine blades is proposed. As a result, the numerical simula-tion method has been verified to be economically available for investigation of the dust effect on wind turbine airfoils.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50979113)the High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No. 2006AA09A105)
文摘Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products, more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields, especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves. For deepwater exploitation, the risers must be installed to act as the conduits connecting surface platforms to subsea facilities. In this paper, the typical risers sorted by different classes are introduced, and the correspondent installation methods are presented. By investigating the recent projects performed in the deepwater hot spots, and combining the challenges of HYSY20 l for riser installation, a lifting device developed for assisting riser installation is proposed and detailed to satisfy the installation of deepwater risers in the LW3-1 Gas Field of 1500 m in the South China Sea. Tests on both the functions and performances of such a new system exhibit the satisfaction of meeting all challenging requirements of HYSY201 for application to riser installation in waters up to a depth of 3000 m in the South China Sea.
文摘In my ten-yeat experience of tenching English as major in college , I feel that students experience more difficulties in listening lessons than in other lessons. What, then, prevents students from achieving success in the listening class? I suggest that anxiety is one of the major factors, which interferes with students listening comprehension. And I would agree with writers such as Gardner and Horwitz et al. (1991)that anxiety may impede learner’s ability to perform successfully in all aspects of learning a foreign language. I feet it is particularly significant for listening.
文摘The full two-dimensional Navier-Stokes algorithm and the SST k-? turbulence model were used to investigate incom-pressible viscous flow past the wind turbine two-dimensional airfoil under clean and roughness surface conditions. The NACA 63-430 airfoil is chosen to be the subject, which is widely used in wind turbine airfoil and generally located at mid-span of the blade with thickness to chord length ratio of about 0.3. The numerical simulation of the airfoil under clean surface condition has been done. As a result, the numerical results had a good consistency with the experimental data. The wind turbine blade surface dust accumulation according to the operational periods in natural environment has been taken into consideration. Then, the lift coefficients and the drag coefficients of NACA 63-430 airfoil have been computed under different roughness heights, different roughness areas and different roughness locations. The role that roughness plays in promoting premature transition to turbulence and flow separation has been verified by the numeri-cal results. The trends of the lift coefficients and the drag coefficients with the roughness height and roughness area increasing have been obtained. What’s more, the critical values of roughness height, roughness area, and roughness location have been proposed. Furthermore, the performance of the airfoil under different operational periods has been simulated, and an advice for the period of cleaning wind turbine blades is proposed. As a result, the numerical simula-tion method has been verified to be economically available for investigation of the dust effect on wind turbine airfoils.
