双十字路口交通灯控制Stateflow和App Designer仿真

为培养学生能够独立从事自动化相关领域的工程设计、应用研究,解决自动化领域复杂工程实施过程中遇到的关键技术问题,以双十字路口交通灯为研究对象,为计算机辅助建模与仿真类课程设计了一个综合性教学案例。教学案例主要内容为双十字路口Simulink/Stateflow建模与基于Matlab App Designer的交通灯控制可视化仿真。通过此教学案例的实施,明显提高了学生对Matlab的综合应用和工程设计能力,并为后续课程“单片机原理及应用”和“电气控制和PLC”作铺垫。

Light-Weight Design Method for Force-Performance-Structure of Complex Structural Part Based Co-operative Optimization

A light?weight design method of integrated structural topology and size co?optimization for the force?performance?structure of complex structural parts is presented in this paper. Firstly, the supporting function of a complex structural part is built to map the force transmission, where the force exerted areas and constraints are considered as connecting structure and the structural configuration, to determine the part performance as well as the force routines. Then the connecting structure design model, aiming to optimize the static and dynamic performances on connection configuration, is developed, and the optimum design of the characteristic parameters is carried out by means of the collaborative optimization method, namely, the integrated structural topology optimization and size optimization. In this design model, the objective is to maximize the connecting stiffness. Based on the relationship between the force and the structural configuration of a part, the optimal force transmission routine that can meet the performance requirements is obtained using the structural topology optimization technology. Accordingly, the light?weight design of conceptual configuration for complex parts under multi?objective and multi?condition can be realized. Finally, based on the proposed collaborative optimization design method, the optimal performance and optimal structure of the complex parts with light weight are realized, and the reasonable structural unit configuration and size charac?teristic parameters are obtained. A bed structure of gantry?type machining center is designed by using the proposed light?weight structure design method in this paper, as an illustrative example. The bed after the design optimization is lighter 8% than original one, and the rail deformation is reduced by 5%. Moreover, the lightweight design of the bed is achieved with enhanced performance to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design Principles of External Lighting for Architectural Objects

Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.

The Optimal Design of Lighting Systems for Designated Office Building in Thailand

This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

Compound diffractive telescope system:design,stray light analysis,and optical test

The compound diffractive telescope is a novel space optical system which combines the structure of compound eyes with diffractive optics and so it has a lighter weight, a wider field of view （FOV）, a lower cost as well as looser fabrication tolerance. In this paper, the design of a compound diffractive telescope composed of one primary lens and twenty-one eyepieces is introduced. Then the influence of diffraction orders on the performance of the system is analysed. A modified phase function model of diffractive optics is proposed to analyse the modulation transfer function （MTF） curves for 0° FOV, which provides a more accurate prediction of the performance of the system. In addition, an optimized mechanism is also proposed to suppress stray light. The star image and resolution tests show that the system can achieve diffraction limit imaging within ±2° of FOV and 4-4 mm of eccentricity. Finally, a series of pictures of an object are taken from different channels, and the splicing of pictures from adjacent FOVs is demonstrated. In summary, the designed system has been proved to have great potential applications.

Design of a Multimodal Light Sheet Optical System for Multivariate Applications in Phytopathology

The design of optical instruments is an active subject due to improvement in lens techniques, fabrication technology, and data handling capacity. Much remains to do to expand its application to phytopathology, which would be in particular quite useful to improve crop growth monitoring in countries like Mali. An optical multimodal system for plant samples has been developed to improve the characterization of leaf disease symptoms, provide information on their effects, and avoid their spread. Potentially inexpensive components (laser, lens, turntables camera and sample, filter, lens, camera and computer) have been selected, assembled and aligned on an optical table into a multimodal system operating in transmission, reflection, diffusion and fluorescence. The illumination and observation angles can be adjusted to optimize viewing conditions in the four modes. This scientific contribution has been an initiation into the design and implementation of an optical instrument. Initial results are shown and will now be extended in cooperation with agronomic laboratories in African countries for tests on specific plant diseases in relation with prevailing climate conditions.

宜家产品数字化交互体验设计研究--以家具产品互动光影体验设计为例

随着智能科技的不断革新,宜家也开启了数字化转型发展,产品的数字化交互体验成为了转型发展中的重要目标任务,这给宜家家具产品在体验维度方面也带来了扩展与变化。通过分析相关用户行为数据与体验设计理论,结合宜家家具产品光影互动交互体验设计实践案例,分析了宜家产品数字化特性,探讨了构建宜家产品数字化体验的四个体验维度,对宜家产品数字化体验设计流程与方法进行了归纳总结,构建提出了宜家产品数字化交互体验特征维度模型,为宜家产品数字化体验转型提供了解决方法与路径。

基于视觉注意机制分析的疏散照明设计方法研究

为改善城市夜间突发情况的人流疏散问题,本文将人的视觉注意机制融入到景观疏散照明设计过程中,基于人的视觉注意力分析,形成了景观疏散照明设计分析方法。在具体的设计流程中,导入TRIZ理论的“物质-场与标准解”问题分析与求解工具,将标准解转为可被景观疏散照明设计应用的设计依据,据此完成设计方案。将方案以VR虚拟仿真场景的方式应用于景观疏散照明设计仿真实验中,请专家用户利用VR设备进入场景对方案进行主观评价以此验证模型的可行性。可知具体的景观疏散照明设计与用户视觉注意机制能够形成匹配,关注用户的注意力可以提升人流疏散效率。

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

基于差分进化算法的减速器齿轮参数优化设计

根据上海道路循环工况,利用载荷的随机连续性和20CrMnMo材料的低载强化特性进行减速器齿轮有限寿命的轻量化设计。基于线性损伤理论,分别计算编制载荷谱和连续载荷谱在低载强化效应下的疲劳损伤,将疲劳损伤约束在一定范围内为选取条件,以齿轮体积最小为优化目标,建立了齿轮有限寿命的轻量化优化模型,通过差分进化算法求解得到优化后的齿轮参数。实验结果表明,设计的模型可快速准确优化齿轮参数,在采用连续载荷谱和考虑低载强化效应时,优化的齿轮参数最小。优化的模型可移植性好,可直接迁移到其他变速系统零件的轻量化设计。

基于虚拟现实的体育场馆光环境视觉舒适研究——以篮球场地为例

《体育场馆照明设计及检测标准》(JGJ 153—2016)规定的参数主要面向比赛场地电视转播需求,对于现场人员的视觉舒适感受仅通过眩光指数GR约束.“明暗对比”也是影响视觉舒适的重要因素,但目前针对体育场馆光环境的明暗对比度尚不明确.基于此,提出以明暗对比度对运动员及观众的视觉舒适感受影响为研究对象,以篮球场地为例,采用虚拟现实技术,通过改变比赛场地与观众席区域的明暗对比,探究不同光环境及观察位置下人的视觉舒适感受变化规律.针对探究结果,提出采用基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的照明逆设计方法,营造考虑视觉舒适前后的体育场馆光环境,完成了视觉舒适评价实验.结果表明,当观众席与比赛场地主摄像机方向垂直照度比例0.3~0.5时,观众及运动员能获得比较舒适的视觉感受,当该比例为0.4时,视觉感受最舒适.照明设计加入该条件后,有约80%的受试者视觉舒适感受得到了明显提升,验证了在体育场馆照明设计中加入所提舒适条件的合理性,对体育场馆照明设计具有一定借鉴意义.

4种绣球花粉离体萌发研究

通过探究‘棉花糖’、‘精灵’‘银边绣球’和蜡莲绣球花粉离体萌发和花粉贮藏条件,为绣球杂交育种等研究工作提供参考。采用单因素试验和正交试验研究蔗糖、硼酸和氯化钙浓度对4种绣球花粉离体萌发的影响,在此基础上进一步探讨光照度、萌发温度、贮藏温度对绣球花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,在单因素试验中,蔗糖和硼酸在一定浓度范围内对4种绣球花粉萌发起促进作用,超过一定浓度则抑制萌发;适量的氯化钙对‘精灵’花粉离体萌发有促进作用,对‘棉花糖’、银边绣球和蜡莲绣球花粉离体萌发均有一定程度的抑制作用。正交试验中,适合‘棉花糖’和银边绣球花粉萌发的最佳培养基均为A 2B 3C 1,即蔗糖100 g/L+硼酸300 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率分别为32.65%和35.07%;‘精灵’花粉萌发的最佳培养基为A_(3)B_(2)C_(1),即蔗糖150 g/L+硼酸150 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率为83.59%;蜡莲绣球的最佳培养基为A_(1)B_(1)C_(1),即蔗糖30 g/L+硼酸30 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率为21.38%。4种绣球花粉萌发最佳光照度为200 lx,最适温度为25℃和30℃;‘棉花糖’、‘精灵’和银边绣球花粉中短期贮藏的适宜温度为-80℃,蜡莲绣球花粉贮藏的适宜温度为-20℃。

氛围之上:北京上地·元中心景观设计创作复盘

【目的】气氛美学之于景观设计创作是一个当代命题,又可与中国传统意境美学互为参照,氛围设计逐渐发展成为一种需要不断建构和修正的景观理论。【方法/过程】以北京上地·元中心科技园景观从概念到落地呈现的设计创作为研究对象,重点解析其中最具代表性的“圆舞曲之庭”和“后工业基因城市绿带”两个重点部分的设计演进过程。【结果/结论】以实证回溯的方式复盘讨论了在本次设计实践中将“氛围”作为总体前置的景观设计控制方法的路径择取、空间应变和价值拓展。

轻钢厂房全过程设计系统研发

轻钢厂房设计包括结构设计、施工图设计、加工图设计及围护面板设计等多个流程,当前各设计流程之间的数据流动并不顺畅。本研究设计了一套轻钢厂房全过程设计系统,消除了各设计流程间的数据流通障碍,符合传统设计流程,并避免了重复建模,提高了轻钢厂房设计效率。

Design of patterned sapphire substrates for GaN-based light-emitting diodes

A new method for patterned sapphire substrate （PSS） design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs＇ luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complicated, and the effect of complicated geometrical features is almost impossible to study systematically by experiments only. By employing our new method, the influence of pattern parameters can be systematically studied, and various novel patterns are designed and optimized within a reasonable time span, with great improvement in LEDs＇ light extraction efficiency （LEE）. Clearly, PSS pattern design with such a method deserves particular attention. We foresee that GaN-based LEDs on these newly designed PSSs will achieve more progress in the coming years.

中小学校园立体运动场馆下部的采光模拟与优化分析

在我国大中城市学位不足与建设用地紧缺的大背景下,对中小学校园运动场进行立体化设计能够形成空间的纵向叠加,从而释放大量建设用地,但运动场立体化同样也会产生一些新的设计难题,其中运动场地下部空间的自然采光问题又最为复杂,既面临照度是否足够的问题,又面临光线分布是否均匀的问题。国内外文献研究显示,当前国内外的立体运动场馆采光研究几乎空白,使得当前的建设存在一定的盲目性。基于以上考虑,该研究拟利用基于Rhino、Grasshopper、Ladybugtools三者构建的采光模拟平台的参数化光环境模拟技术,对不同形式的校园立体运动场馆下部区域的自然采光环境进行模拟,提炼出影响立体运动场下部空间采光的因素,包括运动场尺寸、架空层数、空间进深、功能布局、采光口位置、遮阳反光措施。通过对影响因素进行模拟分析,得出不同因素的影响机制,进一步提炼营造良好自然光环境的立体运动场设计对策,并以广州实验中学项目的学生活动中心的自然光环境优化实践形成研究反馈,从而验证了研究的有效性。

基于可见光通信技术的互动式教学系统设计

阐述可见光通信技术的特点、系统发射端和接收端架构设计。通过实时互动性功能、多媒体资源传输的互动式教学功能设计,以及实践与测试、应用与展望,有效构建高效、稳定的互动式教学系统。

基于DIALux的飞机客舱照明设计方法

飞机客舱照明是飞机内部照明系统的重要组成部分,合理的客舱照明设计可以提高飞行服务质量、提升旅客满意度和舒适度。基于DIALux计算仿真软件,提出了一种飞机客舱照明设计方法。从旅行安全、视觉舒适度、高品质服务等角度出发,通过对平均照度、眩光、照度均匀度等多方面的量化评估、校核与分析,探讨并提出了具有创新性的飞机客舱的照明设计方法。基于此方法以某型号飞机客舱为研究对象建立光学仿真模型、进行视觉仿真计算,验证了该方法的可行性。

基于空间维度与视觉形态认知的智能动态照明设计研究

目的在智能动态照明设计领域,人的主观体验作为体现以人为本的照明设计要素是研究的难点。本文聚焦于将视觉形态认知与空间维度作为设计要素带入智能动态照明设计,探索动态光环境中的空间维度要素,并将其与智能动态照明设计相结合,通过调整空间维度要素的对比关系来改变用户对物体与环境的视觉形态认知。方法利用空间维度的特性将其转换成设计要素,明确设计目标的视觉预设,确定空间维度的视觉原则,构建空间维度与照明之间的关系,并应用于智能动态照明设计实践。结论通过运用空间维度要素的智能动态照明设计方法,构建空间维度与动态照明的关联性和反差感,传递一种创新的动态照明视觉形象,提高用户对动态照明的满意度及用户体验。