双十字路口交通灯控制Stateflow和App Designer仿真

为培养学生能够独立从事自动化相关领域的工程设计、应用研究,解决自动化领域复杂工程实施过程中遇到的关键技术问题,以双十字路口交通灯为研究对象,为计算机辅助建模与仿真类课程设计了一个综合性教学案例。教学案例主要内容为双十字路口Simulink/Stateflow建模与基于Matlab App Designer的交通灯控制可视化仿真。通过此教学案例的实施,明显提高了学生对Matlab的综合应用和工程设计能力,并为后续课程“单片机原理及应用”和“电气控制和PLC”作铺垫。

Light-Weight Design Method for Force-Performance-Structure of Complex Structural Part Based Co-operative Optimization

A light?weight design method of integrated structural topology and size co?optimization for the force?performance?structure of complex structural parts is presented in this paper. Firstly, the supporting function of a complex structural part is built to map the force transmission, where the force exerted areas and constraints are considered as connecting structure and the structural configuration, to determine the part performance as well as the force routines. Then the connecting structure design model, aiming to optimize the static and dynamic performances on connection configuration, is developed, and the optimum design of the characteristic parameters is carried out by means of the collaborative optimization method, namely, the integrated structural topology optimization and size optimization. In this design model, the objective is to maximize the connecting stiffness. Based on the relationship between the force and the structural configuration of a part, the optimal force transmission routine that can meet the performance requirements is obtained using the structural topology optimization technology. Accordingly, the light?weight design of conceptual configuration for complex parts under multi?objective and multi?condition can be realized. Finally, based on the proposed collaborative optimization design method, the optimal performance and optimal structure of the complex parts with light weight are realized, and the reasonable structural unit configuration and size charac?teristic parameters are obtained. A bed structure of gantry?type machining center is designed by using the proposed light?weight structure design method in this paper, as an illustrative example. The bed after the design optimization is lighter 8% than original one, and the rail deformation is reduced by 5%. Moreover, the lightweight design of the bed is achieved with enhanced performance to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design Principles of External Lighting for Architectural Objects

Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.

The Optimal Design of Lighting Systems for Designated Office Building in Thailand

This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

Compound diffractive telescope system:design,stray light analysis,and optical test

The compound diffractive telescope is a novel space optical system which combines the structure of compound eyes with diffractive optics and so it has a lighter weight, a wider field of view （FOV）, a lower cost as well as looser fabrication tolerance. In this paper, the design of a compound diffractive telescope composed of one primary lens and twenty-one eyepieces is introduced. Then the influence of diffraction orders on the performance of the system is analysed. A modified phase function model of diffractive optics is proposed to analyse the modulation transfer function （MTF） curves for 0° FOV, which provides a more accurate prediction of the performance of the system. In addition, an optimized mechanism is also proposed to suppress stray light. The star image and resolution tests show that the system can achieve diffraction limit imaging within ±2° of FOV and 4-4 mm of eccentricity. Finally, a series of pictures of an object are taken from different channels, and the splicing of pictures from adjacent FOVs is demonstrated. In summary, the designed system has been proved to have great potential applications.

Design of a Multimodal Light Sheet Optical System for Multivariate Applications in Phytopathology

The design of optical instruments is an active subject due to improvement in lens techniques, fabrication technology, and data handling capacity. Much remains to do to expand its application to phytopathology, which would be in particular quite useful to improve crop growth monitoring in countries like Mali. An optical multimodal system for plant samples has been developed to improve the characterization of leaf disease symptoms, provide information on their effects, and avoid their spread. Potentially inexpensive components (laser, lens, turntables camera and sample, filter, lens, camera and computer) have been selected, assembled and aligned on an optical table into a multimodal system operating in transmission, reflection, diffusion and fluorescence. The illumination and observation angles can be adjusted to optimize viewing conditions in the four modes. This scientific contribution has been an initiation into the design and implementation of an optical instrument. Initial results are shown and will now be extended in cooperation with agronomic laboratories in African countries for tests on specific plant diseases in relation with prevailing climate conditions.

基于视觉注意机制分析的疏散照明设计方法研究

为改善城市夜间突发情况的人流疏散问题,本文将人的视觉注意机制融入到景观疏散照明设计过程中,基于人的视觉注意力分析,形成了景观疏散照明设计分析方法。在具体的设计流程中,导入TRIZ理论的“物质-场与标准解”问题分析与求解工具,将标准解转为可被景观疏散照明设计应用的设计依据,据此完成设计方案。将方案以VR虚拟仿真场景的方式应用于景观疏散照明设计仿真实验中,请专家用户利用VR设备进入场景对方案进行主观评价以此验证模型的可行性。可知具体的景观疏散照明设计与用户视觉注意机制能够形成匹配,关注用户的注意力可以提升人流疏散效率。

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

宜家产品数字化交互体验设计研究--以家具产品互动光影体验设计为例

随着智能科技的不断革新,宜家也开启了数字化转型发展,产品的数字化交互体验成为了转型发展中的重要目标任务,这给宜家家具产品在体验维度方面也带来了扩展与变化。通过分析相关用户行为数据与体验设计理论,结合宜家家具产品光影互动交互体验设计实践案例,分析了宜家产品数字化特性,探讨了构建宜家产品数字化体验的四个体验维度,对宜家产品数字化体验设计流程与方法进行了归纳总结,构建提出了宜家产品数字化交互体验特征维度模型,为宜家产品数字化体验转型提供了解决方法与路径。

基于虚拟现实的体育场馆光环境视觉舒适研究——以篮球场地为例

《体育场馆照明设计及检测标准》(JGJ 153—2016)规定的参数主要面向比赛场地电视转播需求,对于现场人员的视觉舒适感受仅通过眩光指数GR约束.“明暗对比”也是影响视觉舒适的重要因素,但目前针对体育场馆光环境的明暗对比度尚不明确.基于此,提出以明暗对比度对运动员及观众的视觉舒适感受影响为研究对象,以篮球场地为例,采用虚拟现实技术,通过改变比赛场地与观众席区域的明暗对比,探究不同光环境及观察位置下人的视觉舒适感受变化规律.针对探究结果,提出采用基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的照明逆设计方法,营造考虑视觉舒适前后的体育场馆光环境,完成了视觉舒适评价实验.结果表明,当观众席与比赛场地主摄像机方向垂直照度比例0.3~0.5时,观众及运动员能获得比较舒适的视觉感受,当该比例为0.4时,视觉感受最舒适.照明设计加入该条件后,有约80%的受试者视觉舒适感受得到了明显提升,验证了在体育场馆照明设计中加入所提舒适条件的合理性,对体育场馆照明设计具有一定借鉴意义.

4种绣球花粉离体萌发研究

通过探究‘棉花糖’、‘精灵’‘银边绣球’和蜡莲绣球花粉离体萌发和花粉贮藏条件,为绣球杂交育种等研究工作提供参考。采用单因素试验和正交试验研究蔗糖、硼酸和氯化钙浓度对4种绣球花粉离体萌发的影响,在此基础上进一步探讨光照度、萌发温度、贮藏温度对绣球花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,在单因素试验中,蔗糖和硼酸在一定浓度范围内对4种绣球花粉萌发起促进作用,超过一定浓度则抑制萌发;适量的氯化钙对‘精灵’花粉离体萌发有促进作用,对‘棉花糖’、银边绣球和蜡莲绣球花粉离体萌发均有一定程度的抑制作用。正交试验中,适合‘棉花糖’和银边绣球花粉萌发的最佳培养基均为A 2B 3C 1,即蔗糖100 g/L+硼酸300 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率分别为32.65%和35.07%;‘精灵’花粉萌发的最佳培养基为A_(3)B_(2)C_(1),即蔗糖150 g/L+硼酸150 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率为83.59%;蜡莲绣球的最佳培养基为A_(1)B_(1)C_(1),即蔗糖30 g/L+硼酸30 mg/L+氯化钙15 mg/L,萌发率为21.38%。4种绣球花粉萌发最佳光照度为200 lx,最适温度为25℃和30℃;‘棉花糖’、‘精灵’和银边绣球花粉中短期贮藏的适宜温度为-80℃,蜡莲绣球花粉贮藏的适宜温度为-20℃。

氛围之上:北京上地·元中心景观设计创作复盘

【目的】气氛美学之于景观设计创作是一个当代命题,又可与中国传统意境美学互为参照,氛围设计逐渐发展成为一种需要不断建构和修正的景观理论。【方法/过程】以北京上地·元中心科技园景观从概念到落地呈现的设计创作为研究对象,重点解析其中最具代表性的“圆舞曲之庭”和“后工业基因城市绿带”两个重点部分的设计演进过程。【结果/结论】以实证回溯的方式复盘讨论了在本次设计实践中将“氛围”作为总体前置的景观设计控制方法的路径择取、空间应变和价值拓展。

Design of patterned sapphire substrates for GaN-based light-emitting diodes

A new method for patterned sapphire substrate （PSS） design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs＇ luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complicated, and the effect of complicated geometrical features is almost impossible to study systematically by experiments only. By employing our new method, the influence of pattern parameters can be systematically studied, and various novel patterns are designed and optimized within a reasonable time span, with great improvement in LEDs＇ light extraction efficiency （LEE）. Clearly, PSS pattern design with such a method deserves particular attention. We foresee that GaN-based LEDs on these newly designed PSSs will achieve more progress in the coming years.

中小学校园立体运动场馆下部的采光模拟与优化分析

在我国大中城市学位不足与建设用地紧缺的大背景下,对中小学校园运动场进行立体化设计能够形成空间的纵向叠加,从而释放大量建设用地,但运动场立体化同样也会产生一些新的设计难题,其中运动场地下部空间的自然采光问题又最为复杂,既面临照度是否足够的问题,又面临光线分布是否均匀的问题。国内外文献研究显示,当前国内外的立体运动场馆采光研究几乎空白,使得当前的建设存在一定的盲目性。基于以上考虑,该研究拟利用基于Rhino、Grasshopper、Ladybugtools三者构建的采光模拟平台的参数化光环境模拟技术,对不同形式的校园立体运动场馆下部区域的自然采光环境进行模拟,提炼出影响立体运动场下部空间采光的因素,包括运动场尺寸、架空层数、空间进深、功能布局、采光口位置、遮阳反光措施。通过对影响因素进行模拟分析,得出不同因素的影响机制,进一步提炼营造良好自然光环境的立体运动场设计对策,并以广州实验中学项目的学生活动中心的自然光环境优化实践形成研究反馈,从而验证了研究的有效性。

基于可见光通信技术的互动式教学系统设计

阐述可见光通信技术的特点、系统发射端和接收端架构设计。通过实时互动性功能、多媒体资源传输的互动式教学功能设计,以及实践与测试、应用与展望,有效构建高效、稳定的互动式教学系统。

新型夹层结构研究进展

未来对重型运载火箭的需求日益迫切,在总载荷一定的情况下,携带货物重量提升,必定要降低火箭本体的重量,这就对现有的材料和结构提出了更高的要求。不以牺牲强度和功能性为代价,如何提升材料的有效载荷比成为重要挑战。目前最常见并且高效的方法,是通过设计和制备各种新型夹层结构,同时满足轻质、高强以及具备功能性的要求。本文总结了近些年来国内外夹层结构的研究进展,详细介绍了几种主要夹层结构的结构基础与特点,以及其各自的力学性能及多样的功能性,并提出了对我国夹层结构领域研究发展的建议。

凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量的实验教学改革

凝胶渗透色谱-光散射(gel permeation chromatography-light scatting,GPC-LS)联用是目前最常用的表征聚合物摩尔质量的方法之一,具有灵敏度高、结果准确等特点,在科学研究与生产实践中得到了广泛应用。“凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量”是《高分子物理实验》课程中一个重要的教学内容。然而,目前的GPC-LS实验教学内容简单,缺乏深度。本文在该实验项目原有内容的基础上进行扩充,重新设计出多套实验项目:(1)选取商品化的聚苯乙烯为实验样品,利用GPC-LS对其摩尔质量、摩尔质量分布以及回转半径等分子结构参数进行表征;(2)选取两种分子结构参数接近的聚丙烯腈样品,借助质量微分分布曲线揭示这两种样品在摩尔质量分布中的细微差别;(3)选取一系列不同摩尔质量的聚乙二醇为实验样品,通过比较其色谱图分析摩尔质量的高低对色谱峰的影响;(4)选取3种不同的聚合物(聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚β-环糊精)样品,借助构象图对其分子链的构象进行分析。此外,本文对实验教学方法进行了改革,将被动学习转变为主动学习,提高了学生的自主学习能力。通过本实验项目的教学改革探索,使学生能更加全面地理解凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用的原理及应用,开拓了学生的知识视野,激发了学生的学习热情,提升了实验教学效果。

从照明到形象——城市夜间灯光的嬗变与发展研究

划分早期、近代、现代、当代四个历史阶段,从光源技术、应用场景、夜间生活、城市空间等多维视角出发,梳理不同阶段灯光在城市夜间的角色和功能演变进程,剖析其演变特点,总结出城市夜间灯光的“三个转向”,即空间转向、公共转向、功能转向,阐述灯光在当代城市夜间艺术化、媒介化、智慧化的发展现状与趋势。城市空间的拓展、数字化技术的革新将赋予灯光在夜间更强大的表现力和更多元的功能。

基于DIALux的飞机客舱照明设计方法

飞机客舱照明是飞机内部照明系统的重要组成部分,合理的客舱照明设计可以提高飞行服务质量、提升旅客满意度和舒适度。基于DIALux计算仿真软件,提出了一种飞机客舱照明设计方法。从旅行安全、视觉舒适度、高品质服务等角度出发,通过对平均照度、眩光、照度均匀度等多方面的量化评估、校核与分析,探讨并提出了具有创新性的飞机客舱的照明设计方法。基于此方法以某型号飞机客舱为研究对象建立光学仿真模型、进行视觉仿真计算,验证了该方法的可行性。