Theoretical Models of Light Scattering Applied in Sizing Particles in Coal Water Slurry

Advantges and disadvantage of Mie scattering model and Fraunhofer diffraction model are discussed. The result shows that 1) the Fraunhofer diffraction model is simple in design and fast in operation, which is quite suitable for on-line control and 2) the intensity and energy distribution of diffracted light of both the Mie scattering model and the Fraunhofer theoretical model are compared and researched. Feasibility of using the Fraunhofer diffraction model to replace the Mie scattering model in measuring particles in coal water slurry is demonstrated.

基于模块化思想的LCC-HVDC改进小信号建模及交互稳定性分析

随着电网换相型高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current, LCC-HVDC)技术的广泛应用,交直流混联电力系统的交互稳定性问题日益突出。首先基于状态空间平均法建立了考虑非线性换相重叠动态过程的LCC换流器传递函数模型。为适应愈加复杂的直流输电系统建模,提出利用模块化思想分别建立LCC-HVDC各子系统小信号模型,并推导了能反映交直流系统和换流器之间电气耦合特性的接口矩阵实现子系统连接,从而模块化建立精确且易于扩展的计及控制链路延时和锁相环输出相位波动的双端LCC-HVDC系统改进小信号模型。最后分析了控制系统参数和控制链路延时对系统小干扰稳定性的影响以及失稳模态的主导因素,揭示了双端LCC-HVDC系统交直流混合谐振机理及送受端交互影响具体过程。研究结果可以为系统参数设计、谐振抑制措施提供理论基础。

不同模型对MMC-HVDC系统大信号稳定性分析准确性影响的对比研究

模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC)系统运行中不可避免地遭受大信号扰动,可能导致不稳定现象的发生。基于混合势理论(MPT)对比分析了MMC-HVDC系统3种不同模型下的大信号稳定性。首先,建立了MMC-HVDC系统的全阶模型、降阶模型和等效恒功率负载(CPL)模型,并从理论层面对比分析了三者之间的差异性。利用MPT分别推导了基于3种模型的MMC-HVDC系统大信号稳定性判据,对比研究了3种不同模型对大信号稳定性分析结果的影响,并做出了系统在电网电压暂降大扰动下的稳定运行边界。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink时域仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。

Model prediction of inactivation of Aeromonas salmonicida grown on poultry in situ by intense pulsed light

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light(IPL)on Aeromonas salmonicida grown on chicken meat and skin,and to further develop prediction models of inactivation.In this work,chicken meat and skin inoculated with meat-borne A.salmonicida isolates were subjected to IPL treatments under different conditions.The results showed that IPL had obvious bactericidal effect in the chicken skin and thickness groups when the treatment voltage and time were 7 V combined with 5 s.In addition,the lethality curves of A.salmonicida were fitted under IPL conditions of 3.5-7.5 V.The comparison of statistical parameters revealed that the Weibull model could best fit the mortality curves and could accurately predict the mortality dynamic of A.salmonicida grown on chicken skin.And further a secondary model between the scale factor b and the treatment voltage in Weibull model was established using linear equations,which determined that the secondary model could accurately predict the inactivation of A.salmonicida.This study provides a theoretical basis for future prediction models of Aeromonas,and also provides new ideas for sterilization approaches of meat-borne Aeromonas.

不同锁相环对LCC-HVDC控制回路稳定性的影响

该文研究了电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统逆变侧采用不同锁相环时,锁相环控制回路比例–积分(proportional integral,PI)参数变化对直流控制回路稳定性的影响。首先,分别建立了逆变侧锁相环采用滑动平均滤波(mo ving average filter,MAF)和级联延时消去滤波(cascaded delayed signal cancellation,CDSC)的LCC-HVDC小干扰动态模型,并通过电磁暂态仿真验证了该模型的正确性。其次,基于拉普拉斯变换获得系统定电压控制回路的传递函数,利用奈奎斯特稳定判据以及稳定裕度指标分析不同锁相环对定电压控制回路稳定性的影响,并进行了机理分析,同时在PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态模型上进行了验证。最后,进一步在LCC-HVDC工程模型上对该文所得结论的普适性进行了仿真验证。

An Interpretable Light Attention-Convolution-Gate Recurrent Unit Architecture for the Highly Accurate Modeling of Actual Chemical Dynamic Processes

To equip data-driven dynamic chemical process models with strong interpretability,we develop a light attention–convolution–gate recurrent unit(LACG)architecture with three sub-modules—a basic module,a brand-new light attention module,and a residue module—that are specially designed to learn the general dynamic behavior,transient disturbances,and other input factors of chemical processes,respectively.Combined with a hyperparameter optimization framework,Optuna,the effectiveness of the proposed LACG is tested by distributed control system data-driven modeling experiments on the discharge flowrate of an actual deethanization process.The LACG model provides significant advantages in prediction accuracy and model generalization compared with other models,including the feedforward neural network,convolution neural network,long short-term memory(LSTM),and attention-LSTM.Moreover,compared with the simulation results of a deethanization model built using Aspen Plus Dynamics V12.1,the LACG parameters are demonstrated to be interpretable,and more details on the variable interactions can be observed from the model parameters in comparison with the traditional interpretable model attention-LSTM.This contribution enriches interpretable machine learning knowledge and provides a reliable method with high accuracy for actual chemical process modeling,paving a route to intelligent manufacturing.

VSC-HVDC系统宽频振荡z域阻抗判据研究

为了深入分析VSC-HVDC(基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电)系统宽频振荡失稳的机理并快速准确评估系统的稳定性,提出一种基于z域阻抗的建模方法和稳定性判据。首先,基于精确离散化的方法,分别建立了考虑锁相环、电流内环和电压前馈控制的电压源型变流器z域阻抗模型,以及交流电网在全局坐标系下的z域阻抗模型。然后,基于盖尔圆定理提出广义禁区判据,分析了锁相环和线路阻抗对系统稳定性的影响。最后,搭建VSC-HVDC仿真系统进行分析,证明了所提广义阻抗判据的有效性。

分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统运动方程模型及交互振荡模式的阻尼特征(一):扰动传递路径分解

与常规直流相比,永富直流逆变站存在功率全送和功率分送运行方式,而其处于分网接入方式时电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及特征尚不明确。针对这一特殊运行方式,采用模块化建模的思路建立可以反映系统电气/控制回路间交互耦合路径的运动方程模型。在此基础上,依据系统整流侧-逆变侧、正极-负极间的交互耦合路径分解得到影响系统主导模式稳定性的3条扰动传递路径,即整流侧内部自稳性路径、逆变侧内部自稳性路径、双极交互作用致稳性路径。最后,设置不同工况下的案例,量化评估不同作用路径提供的阻尼大小,并通过仿真验证运动方程模型及扰动传递路径分析结果的正确性,为后续研究分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统交互振荡模式的阻尼特征提供模型基础。

基于SAO-LightGBM算法的致密砂岩储层孔隙度预测方法

孔隙度是评价储层物性的关键参数,四川盆地中部NC地区钻井取心资料有限,储层孔隙度直接获取难度大,而基于常规测井资料的传统孔隙度预测方法误差大、精度低。为了明确NC地区致密砂岩气藏储层物性特征,以上三叠统须家河组四段储层为研究对象,提出了一种改进的机器学习算法SAO-LightGBM;使用该算法分析了孔隙度与地球物理测井参数之间的深层次潜在关系,指出了研究区储层孔隙度与声波时差、密度、中子孔隙度、地层电阻率和自然伽马具有较强的相关性,并基于以上测井参数建立了孔隙度预测模型。研究结果表明:①采用SAO优化算法独特的双重种群机制、高效的探索与利用策略,可以快速寻找到LightGBM的最优超参数组合,提升了模型的预测能力;②在测试数据集上,SAO-LightGBM的平均绝对误差为3.37%,决定系数为0.92。结论认为,较之于其他常规模型,SAO-LightGBM具有更为可靠的预测能力,能够高效完成目标层位孔隙度的预测工作,对NC地区的储层研究和后期勘探开发具有指导作用。

基于修正开关函数的LCC-HVDC整流站直流侧阻抗建模

电网换相换流器高压直流输电凭借输送容量大、距离远等优势在国内得到广泛应用。换流站作为交直流系统连接枢纽,其精确建模具有十分重要的意义。该文提出一种将换流变压器等值漏感折算至直流侧后的开关函数修正模型,该模型从根本上计及换流站的换相过程,能够准确计算出稳态直流电压;同时基于该修正模型,建立了LCC-HVDC整流站的小信号直流侧低频阻抗模型。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中利用Cigre Benchmark模型,对提出的开关函数修正模型及建立的LCC整流站阻抗模型进行仿真验证,证明模型的正确性。

基于LightGBM算法和出行链理论的电动汽车充电负荷多时间尺度预测模型

为提高电动汽车充电负荷预测的准确性,设计了一种基于轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)算法和出行链理论的电动汽车充电负荷多时间尺度预测模型。利用出行链描述用户出行过程,采用蒙特卡洛法抽取时空数据,计算不同区域出行和停留时间的概率密度函数,采用牛顿法划分多时间尺度充电概率,明确驾驶时空分布与充电状况,并运用模糊数学定理与LightGBM分类充电负荷数据,构建了多季节多时段预测模型。采用LightGBM高效并行计算模式,明确充电负荷变化规律,实现了多时间尺度预测。试验结果表明:所建立的模型在不同季节和电动汽车数量条件下,预测误差低于100 kW,预测空报率低于3%,可准确展现充电负荷的变化规律。

基于强降水时序特征的TSVGG-Light暴雨灾情指数预测模型构建及风险灾情一致性分布验证

文章针对强降水灾情预测问题,提出了一种基于强降水时序特征的TSVGG-Light暴雨灾情指数预测模型。该模型利用气象观测数据中的降水时序特征作为输入,对数据进行特征提取和建模,预测出未来一段时间内的强降水灾情指数。为了验证模型的有效性,文中还进行了风险灾情一致性分布验证。实验结果表明,TSVGG-Light模型在强降水灾情预测上具有较高的准确性和稳定性,并且模型预测结果与实际灾情分布具有较好的一致性。TSVGG-Light模型可以成为预测和评估强降水灾情的有效工具。

一种新型的直流输电技术——HVDC Light

随着半导体技术和新能源发电的发展,出现了基于VSC(VoltageSourcedConverters)技术的新型直流输电系统——轻型直流输电(HVDCLight),本文在介绍HVDCLight基本原理基础上,从结构和功能上和传统直流输电技术进行对比,阐述了HVDCLight的优点,并对其应用作了总结和展望。

HVDC grid test models for different application scenarios and load flow studies

High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) grids are the most effective solutions for collection, integration and transmission of large scale remote renewable resources to load centers. A HVDC grid test model can provide a common reference and study platform for researchers to compare the performance and characteristics of a DC grid with different DC control functions and protection strategies. It can also provide reference cases for testing of simulators and digital programs. This paper proposes a comprehensive HVDC grid test model and the associated four sub test models for system studies to meet the research purposes and requirements for different DC grid application scenarios. The design concept, topologies, configurations and functions of the test models are described in detail and their basic system data for load flow studies are provided. Finally load flow simulation studies with PSS/E(Power System Simulator/Engineering) program for each of the models are undertaken and the corresponding results are presented and analyzed in the paper.

风电场向孤岛输电的VSC-HVDC Light的建模与仿真

介绍了以VSC控制为基础的HVDC Light的系统结构和工作原理,在MATLAB中创建了风电场向孤岛输电的VSC-HVDC Light系统仿真模型,并对其进行了稳态仿真研究.对仿真结果进行分析可知,系统直流电压基本稳定在给定的电压值,两端直流电压实现了协调配合,有功功率实现了协调控制和自动平衡传输,各状态量都符合理论值,模型准确模拟出了VSC-HVDC Light系统的稳态工作状况,为实际工程提供了科学的理论依据.

MMC型HVDC-Light双闭环控制的参数设计方法

针对模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电系统换流站级控制,为实现PI调节器参数的快速、准确调节,在分析模块化多电平换流器型轻型直流输电系统连续数学模型的基础上,引入前馈控制,提出了包含前馈-反馈和稳态逆模型的双闭环控制;并对改进后的双闭环控制系统控制器主要参数的设计方法进行了深入研究,详细推导了参数设计过程;最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件对所提出的控制系统结构及其参数设计方法进行了仿真验证,结果证实了所述方法的可行性和有效性。

基于虚拟磁链直接功率控制的HVDCLight

随着电力电子技术和新能源发电的快速发展,出现了基于 VSC(Vohage Sourced Converters)技术的轻型直流输电系统(HVDCLight)。文中阐述了基于 VSC 的柔性直流输电系统的结构和工作原理,利用基于虚拟磁链直接功率控制的方法对 HVDC Light系统进行了仿真,实现了双侧换流器的独立控制,仿真结果证实了基于此算法的 HVDC Light 系统可以正常稳定地运行,对有功功率和无功功率实现了协调控制,并且可以满足系统不同的无功需求。

基于多时间尺度的HVDC Light系统降阶模型

建立了基于dq同步旋转坐标系的轻型高压直流输电系统的状态空间模型,利用多时间尺度系统理论对模型进行了简化,分解出快慢子系统,并利用状态反馈,推导出基于多尺度模型的输出反馈控制策略,利用MATLAB进行仿真,并比较了简化前后模型的一致性,仿真结果表明,简化后的模型具有良好的精确性。

基于PMU的HVDC Light辅助控制系统

结合同步相量单元(PMU)传递的信息在轻型高压直流输电的控制中加入了抑制低频振荡的附加控制,通过对交直流混联系统的仿真证明了其有效性,对广域测量系统传送的信息的进一步利用做了新的探讨。

Light field imaging： models-, calibrations, reconstructions, and applications

Light field imaging is an emerging technology in computational photography areas. Based on innovative designs of the imaging model and the optical path, light field cameras not only record the spatial intensity of three- dimensional （3D） objects, but also capture the angular information of the physical world, which provides new ways to address various problems in computer vision, such as 3D reconstruction, saliency detection, and object recognition. In this paper, three key aspects of light field cameras, i.e., model, calibration, and reconstruction, are reviewed extensively. Furthermore, light field based applications on informatics, physics, medicine, and biology are exhibited. Finally, open issues in light field imaging and long-term application prospects in other natural sciences are discussed.