Intelligent 3-Way Priority-Driven Traffic Light Control System for Emergency Vehicles

The problem of traffic congestion is a significant phenomenon that has had a substantial impact on the transportation system within the country. This phenomenon has given rise to numerous intricacies, particularly in instances where emergency situations occur at traffic light intersections that are consistently congested with a high volume of vehicles. This implementation of a traffic light controller system is designed with the intention of addressing this problem. The purpose of the system was to facilitate the operation of a 3-way traffic control light and provide priority to emergency vehicles using a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Architecture Based Microcontroller. This research work involved designing a system to mitigate the occurrence of accidents commonly observed at traffic light intersections, where vehicles often need to maneuver in order to make way for emergency vehicles following a designated route. The research effectively achieved the analysis, simulation and implementation of wireless communication devices for traffic light control. The implemented prototype utilizes RFID transmission, operates in conjunction with the sequential mode of traffic lights to alter the traffic light sequence accordingly and reverts the traffic lights back to their normal sequence after the emergency vehicle has passed the traffic lights.

Automobile light control system based on CAN bus and contactless switch

In order to solve the complex wiring and low reliability of conventional light control system,an automobile contactless switch light system is designed combined with Hall element and controller area network （CAN） bus technology.The processing system of electromagnetic compatibility controlled by CAN bus is improved to reduce the electromagnetic interference from the controller and other sources of interference.With Freescale＇s high-performance single-chip MC9S08DZ60 and CAN transceiver TJA1050,the overall circuit design and software design are presented.The test results show that the designed light control system is feasible.

Controlled LED Lighting for Horticulture: A Review

As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity consumption and modern lighting systems are greatly more efficient than incandescent, discharge, and fluorescent lights. Previous research has proven that plants do not require the entire visible spectrum but react only to specific wavelengths, making it possible to control their growth and yield via artificial lighting. The flexibility of control of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights allows for the combination of great energy losses reduction and controlled plant growth, achieving the improvement of two major parameters in a single action. This review paper summarizes the current research on the effect different light wavelengths have on specific plant species and discusses the applications of LED lighting for horticulture, yield storage, and disease protection.

Separate Dimming Controlling and Data Transmission for an Indoor Visible Light Communication System

Simultaneous dimming controlling and data transmission are usually required in a white LED based indoor visible light communication system.However,the diming controlling of LED normally interferes the data transmission due to the modulation nonlinearity of LED.In order to solve this problem,a scheme by separating the LEDs for the functions of dimming control and data transmission respectively is proposed in this paper.In the scheme,the LEDs used for dimming control function are driven by a dc amplified circuit,and the LEDs for data transmission are driven by a digital modulation circuit respectively.In this way,the modulation distortion to the data signal caused by the modulation nonlinearity can be avoided even if the dimming is at high level dc driven current.The proof-of-concept experiment of a 2.5Mbit/s visible light communication system demonstrates that the dimming controlling and data transmission can be realized simultaneously in a simple way,and the data transmission is not affected by the dimming controlling function.Compared to previous methods,the scheme in this paper is simpler and cost effective,and makes sense when high rate data is transmitted in a visible light communication system.

Optimal traffic light control method for a single intersecti on basedon hybrid systems

A single intersection of two phases is selected as a model to put forward a new optimal time-planning scheme for traffic light based on the model of hybrid automata for single intersection. A method of optimization is proposed for hybrid systems, and the average queue length over all queues is used as an objective function to find an optimal switching scheme for traffic light. It is illustrated that traffic light control for single intersection is a typical hybrid system, and the optimal planning-time scheme can be obtained using the optimal hybrid systems control based on the two stages method.

Human-inspired lighting control in robot systems with the intention of glare avoidance

This paper presents some human-inspired strategies for lighting control in a robot system for best scene interpretation,where the main intention is to avoid possible glares or highlights occurring in images. It firstly compares the characteristics of human eyes and robot eyes. Then some evaluation criteria are addressed to assess the lighting conditions. A bio-inspired method is adopted to avoid the visual glare which is caused by either direct illumination from large light sources or indirect illumination reflected by smooth surfaces. Appropriate methods are proposed to optimize the pose and optical parameters of the light source and the vision camera.

Quality Control System for Light Industry

In the next three to five years, China’s light industry will upgrade major product quality generally to world level. This will be done by strengthening quality control and supervision and the improvement in technology. The campaign was announced by Yu Zhen, president of the China National Council of Light Industry at the beginning of this year.

Energy-Saving and Control of General Indoor Lighting Elements Fed from a Micro-Controlled Hybrid Power Generation System

In this study, an off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system was established at Afyon Kocatepe University to meet the energy need of lighting system of three different laboratories. It is planned to efficiently use the energy obtained from the designed hybrid power generation system. For this purpose, PIC 16F877 was used in controlling of lighting load of laboratories. The off-grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system consists of 570 W 24 V mono crystal solar panels, 600 W wind power generation system and accumulator groups. The load control circuit made with PIC 16F877 is designed in a manner that will control the lighting armature groups individually activate and deactivate the armature groups according to intensity of illumination in environment. Besides, separately from generation and storing units constituting the hybrid power generation system, data in kWh are recorded by means of software in 10 seconds intervals. With the obtained power generation and storing data, analyzing of power consumption data when the load control system in active or passive position is made. According to analysis results, with controlling of lighting load and using of energy obtained from off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system, 20.6% energy saving has been ensured.

Smart Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Saving by Using VANET

The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles over time. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically switches off the light for the parts of the streets having no vehicles and turns on the light for these parts once there are some vehicles that are going to come. Logically, this system may save a large amount of the electrical power. In addition, it may increase the lifetime of the lamps and reduce the pollutions. This system automatically controls and monitors the light of the streets. It can light only the parts that have vehicles and help on the maintenance of the lighting equipments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) make it possible to propose such system. VANET enables the possibility to know the presence of vehicles, their locations, their directions and their speeds in real time. These quantities are what are needed to develop this system. An advantage of using VANET is that there is no need to use specific network and equipments to design the system, but VANET infrastructure will be used. This decreases the cost and speed up the deployment of such system. This paper focuses on the proposal of different possible architectures of this system. Results show that the saved energy may reach up to 65% and an increase of the lifetime of the lamps of 53%.

Safer Design and Less Cost Operation for Low-Traffic Long-Road Illumination Using Control System Based on Pattern Recognition Technique

The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design that utilizes continuous street lighting system at night for the entire road, or inexpensive design that sacrifices the safety, relying on using vehicles lighting, to eliminate the problem of high cost energy consumption during the night operation of the road. By taking into account both of these factors, smart lighting automation system is proposed using Pattern Recognition Technique applied on vehicle number-plates. In this proposal, the road is sectionalized into zones, and based on smart Pattern Recognition Technique, the control system of the road lighting illuminates only the zone that the vehicles pass through. Economic analysis is provided in this paper to support the value of using this design of lighting control system.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Addressing Disruptions in Traffic Light Control

This paper investigates the use of multi-agent deep Q-network(MADQN)to address the curse of dimensionality issue occurred in the traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)approach.The proposed MADQN is applied to traffic light controllers at multiple intersections with busy traffic and traffic disruptions,particularly rainfall.MADQN is based on deep Q-network(DQN),which is an integration of the traditional reinforcement learning(RL)and the newly emerging deep learning(DL)approaches.MADQN enables traffic light controllers to learn,exchange knowledge with neighboring agents,and select optimal joint actions in a collaborative manner.A case study based on a real traffic network is conducted as part of a sustainable urban city project in the Sunway City of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.Investigation is also performed using a grid traffic network(GTN)to understand that the proposed scheme is effective in a traditional traffic network.Our proposed scheme is evaluated using two simulation tools,namely Matlab and Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO).Our proposed scheme has shown that the cumulative delay of vehicles can be reduced by up to 30%in the simulations.

Controller Design of Intelligent Lighting Network

Studied are the controller design and basic principles of intelligent lighting network. TI’s MSP430F123 is used as a main controller. By using the ZigBee modules(Xbee/Xbee-PRO) and the GSM module(SIM300C) for wireless communications, the lighting control is enabled to access wireless network. This system uses a mobile phone to achieve light on-off directly, which can accomplish wireless control of intelligent lighting in families.

Laser-induced forward transferred silver nanomembrane with controllable light absorption

Laser processing provides highly-controlled modification and on-demand fabrication of plasmon metal nanostructures for light absorption and photothermal convention.We present the laser-induced forward tansfer(LIFT)fabrication of silver nanomembranes in control of light absorption.By varying the hatch distance,different morphologies of randomly distributed plasmon silver nanostructures were produced,leading to well-controlled light absorption levels from 11%to 81%over broadband.The anti-reflection features were maintained below 17%.Equilibrated and plain absorptions were obtained throughout all absorption levels with a maximum intensity fluctuation of±8.5%for the 225μJ cases.The 45μJ pulse energy can offer a highly equilibrated absorption at a 60%absorption level with an intensity fluctuation of±1%.Pattern transfer was also achieved on a thin tape surface.The laser-transferred characters and patterns demonstrate a localized temperature rise.A rapid temperature rising of roughly 15℃can be achieved within 1 s.The LIFT process is highly efficiently fabricated with a typical speed value of 10^(3)to 10^(5)cm^(2)/h.The results indicated that LIFT is a well-controlled and efficient method for the production of optical films with specific absorption levels.

Highly Efficient and Stable Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Controllable Exciton Behavior by a Mixed Bipolar Interlayer

Highly efficient and stable hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes （HWOLEDs） with a mixed bipolar interlayer between fluorescent blue and phosphorescent yellow emitting layers are demonstrated. The bipolar interlayer is a mixture of p-type diphenyl （l0-phenyl-lOH-spiro [acridine-9,9＇-fluoren]-3Lyl） phosphine oxide and n-type 2＇,2- （1,3,5-benzinetriyl）-tris（1-phenyl-l-H-benzimidazole）. The electroluminance and Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage （CIE1931） coordinates＇ characteristics can be modulated easily by adjusting the ratio of the hole- predominated material to the electron-predominated material in the interlayer. The hybrid WOLED with a p-type：n-type ratio of 1：3 shows a maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 61.1 ed/A and 55.8 lm/W, respectively, with warm white CIE coordinates of （0.34, 0.43）. The excellent efficiency and adaptive CIE coordi- nates are attributed to the mixed interlayer with improved charge carrier balance, optimized exciton distribution, and enhanced harvesting of singlet and triplet excitons.

Design and Implementation on the Wind and Light Complementary LED Lighting Controller based on Novel Base Board Packaging Technology

In this paper, we conduct theoretical research on design and implementation on wind and light complementary LED lighting controller based on the novel base board packaging technology. LED, as a kind of device can convert electric power into visible light directly the homomorphism of semiconductor devices, with high efficiency and small energy consumption, good light quality, use safety, long service life, green environmental protection, flexible control as this is common lamps and lanterns is incomparable advantage. Therefore, it is considered to be 21 century of a new generation of lighting source. Based on the superiority of LED, it is widely applied in many fields of lighting. To enhance the traditional solar based pure LED system, we enhance it with the combination of the wind power and the optimized controller that holds specific meaning.

Automated Smart Utilization of Background Lights and Daylight for Green Building Efficient and Economic Indoor Lighting Intensity Control

The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of the indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, which is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design relies on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concerns in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial buildings is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, the light automatically is measured by the sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy saving. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome of the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with a standard size was calculated.

基于电子技术的声光控制照明系统设计与实现

随着信息技术和智能控制技术的飞速发展,电子技术在智能家居系统中的应用日益广泛,尤其在照明控制领域。基于此,首先探讨基于电子技术的声光控制照明系统的设计需求,其次详细阐述声光控制照明电路的设计要求,最后分析声光控制照明电路设计流程。

基于Vogit力学模型的照明系统节能控制研究

采用Vogit力学模型,构建照明系统离散动力学方程,分析照明系统状态空间变化特征,估计照明系统负载;引入电流灵敏度参量,结合照明系统电磁耦合特性,构建照明系统节能控制模型;通过自适应迭代处理实现自适应寻优,获取照明系统内环控制输出增益;根据照明系统节能控制带恒功率负载等效原理消除复阻抗,达到节能控制稳定的目的。以照明系统作为实验对象进行实验,结果表明该方法的节能控制效果较好,能够有效确保照明系统节能控制的稳定性。

DC/DC变换器并联系统的新型冗余控制方法

DC/DC变换器并联系统具有可功率扩展、冗余性等优点,广泛应用于供配电系统。由于对节能环保日益增长的需求,电子设备在轻载下时间越来越长,所以需要DC/DC变换器并联系统来提高轻载效率。开-关控制法虽可以提升并联系统的效率,但无法实现并联系统的冗余。基于开-关控制法提出了一种新型冗余控制方法,同时实现了并联系统的高轻载效率与n+1冗余。首先介绍了开-关控制法的原理、优势以及存在的问题;然后详细阐述了新型冗余控制方法的电路方案与工作原理;接着计算3台变换器并联系统的电路参数及其在负载瞬态下的过冲电压;最后仿真结果表明并联系统可以正常实现n+1冗余。仿真结果表明:并联系统的20%负载效率达到89%,与其他同类电源产品相比提高了5%至10%;均流精度为4%,负载瞬态过冲电压6%。